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Title: Quadrille at the Moulin Rouge
Artist: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
Medium: Oil on Cardboard
Origin: Paris/France
Date: post-impressionism, 1892
Extra Info: Quadrille is the dance the women in the pointing is about to perform and the artist uses strong silhouettes |
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Title: La Goulue at the Moulin Rouge
Artist: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
Medium: poster, color lithograph
Origin: Paris/France
Date: post-impressionism, 1891
Extra Info: The posters generally form parts of the message |
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Title: Mont Sainte-Victoire
Artist: Paul Cezanne
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: Cezanne is from France, the painting is in Russia
Date: post-impressionism, 1900
Extra Info: artist revisited a subject that had preoccupied him for years, personal identification with mountain indicated by rich green tree in right foreground
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Title: Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte
Artist: Georges Seurat
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: La Grade Jatte is an island in the river Seine, Seurat is from France
Date: post-impressionism, 1884-86
Extra Info: Seurat's painstaking and systematic technique reflected his scientific approach to painting |
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Definition
Title: The Starry Night
Artist: Vincent van Gough
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: France
Date: post-impressionism, 1889
Extra Info: artist painted this while in mental asylum, seen as the reflection of a disturbed mind |
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Definition
Title: Nevermore
Artist: Paul Gauguin
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: Painted in Tahiti, artist from France
Date: post-impressionism, 1897
Extra Info: depicts the Tahitian version of reclining nude, influence of Japanese prints and native designs |
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Definition
Title: The Scream
Artist: Edvard Munch
Medium: Oil, Pastel, and Casein on Cardboard
Origin: Norway
Date: post-impressionism, 1893
Extra Info: represents his own sense of disintegration, "I felt as though a scream went through nature - I though I heard a scream - I painted this picture- painted the clouds like real blood. The colors were screaming." -Munch |
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Title: The Dream
Artist: Henri Rousseau
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: France
Date: post-impressionism, 1910
Extra Info: painted shortly before his death and eleven years after the publication of Freud's Interpretation of Dreams, painted to seem like it is daytime contrary to when dream happen (at night) |
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Definition
Title: The Old Guitarist
Artist: Pablo Picasso
Medium: Oil on Panel
Origin: artist from Spain, bounced between Paris, Barcelona, Madrid before settling in Paris in 1904
Date: Symbolism, 1903
Extra Info: emphasizes somber quality with blue color and silver light, guitarist body style (long, thin, bony, etc.) conveys dejection, his inward focus indicates that he is blind, elongated forms of flickering silver light evoke spirituality of El Greco (1500s artist) |
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Definition
Title: Women with the Hat
Artist: Henri Matisse
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: France
Date: Fauvism, 1905
Extra Info: portrait of the artist's wife, chromatic unity between figure and background |
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Term
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Definition
Title: Joy of Life
Artist: Henri Matisse
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: France
Date: Fauvism, 1905-06
Extra Info: uses fauve color to create a mood of exuberant, creative eroticism, Matisse refers to the idyllic pastoral tradition of antiquity in the shepherd, to dancers circling Greek vases in the background, and to Classical nudes reclining and stretching |
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Definition
Title: The Street
Artist: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: Germany
Date: Expressionism, 1907
Extra Info: combines exuberant Expressionist color with undulating (wavelike motion) forms reminiscent of Munch, the flat color areas can be related to Fauvism, The Street has a dreamlike quality created by unusual color and curvilinear, undulating forms |
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Term
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Definition
Title: Panel for Edwin R. Campbell No. 4 (formerly Painting Number 201, Winter)
Artist: Vassily Kandinsky
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: Russia
Date: Expressionism, 1914
Extra Info: on of fours series representing seasons - this one being winter, Kandinsky creates a swirling, curvilinear motion, within which there are varied lines and shapes
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Definition
Title: Several Circles
Artist: Vassily Kandinsky
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: Russia
Date: Expressionism, 1926
Extra Info: Kandinsky pursued notion of the spiritual in art, did so by endowing delicate geometric shapes with a dynamic spatial tension, translucent circles float in a swirling space |
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Definition
Title: The Large Blue Horses
Artist: Franz Marc
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: Germany
Date: Expressionism, 1911
Extra Info: combines geometry with rich color, can be considered in the abstract terms of musical composition, Marc's believed animals were better suited than humans to the expression of cosmological ideas |
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Term
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Definition
Title: Harmony in Red Artist: Henri Matisse Medium: Oil on Canvas Origin: France Date: Matisse after Fauvism, 1908-09 Extra Info: women seems secondary to formal arrangement, same color on wall and table minimizes sense of perspective, despite the flattening of the form by minimal modeling, Matisse endows the women and the still-life objects with a sense of volume, Arabesques (outside window): an intricate pattern of interlaced or knotted lines consisting of stylized floral, foliage, and other motifs |
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Term
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Definition
Title: Dance I
Artist: Henri Matisse
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: France
Date: Matisse after Fauvism, 1909
Extra Info: it is the figures, rather than the arabesques, that dance, pose replicates those in the background of The Joy of Life, Matisse creates 3D illusion in the dancers themselves |
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Definition
Title: Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
Artist: Pablo Picasso
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: Picasso is from Spain, later moved to France
Date: Cubism, 1907
Extra Info: representation of five nudes and a still life launched a spatial revolution, far left nearly replicates pose of ancient Egyptian kinds, Picasso's two central figures based on traditional poses of Venus, and the two figures on the right (seated and standing nude) based on African prototypes |
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Definition
Title: Violin and Pitcher
Artist: Georges Braque
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: France
Date: Analytic Cubism, 1909-10
Extra Info: limited to dark greens and browns, subordinate to geometric exploration of 3D space, only reminders of space are violin and pitcher (brief reference to the horizontal surface of a table, and a vertical architectural support on the right) what would normally be air space is filled with cubism |
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Definition
Title: Three Musicians
Artist: Pablo Picasso
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: France
Date: Synthetic Cubism, 1921
Extra Info: arranged flat shapes of color to form objects, a clarinetist, a Harlequin playing a guitar in the center and a monk all built from unmodeled shapes of color arranged into tilted planes, occupy a more traditional space than analytic cubism |
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Definition
Title: Guernica
Artist: Pablo Picasso
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: Spain
Date: Cubism, 1937
Extra Info: combined analytic and synthetic cubism and juxtaposed in a new Surrealist way, painting is Picasso's powerful protest against the brutality of war and tyranny (bombing over the town of Guernica) |
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Term
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Definition
Title: Unique Forms of Continuity in Space
Artist: Umberto Boccioni
Medium: Bronze Cast
Origin: Italy
Date: Futurism, 1913
Extra Info: This sculpture gives Futurism a plastic form, represents a man striding vigorously, as if with a definite goal in mind, Boccioni said sculpture must "make objects live by showing their extensions in space" and by revealing the environment as part of the object |
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Term
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Definition
Title: Broadway Boogie Woogie
Artist: Piet Mondrian
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: New York/America
Date: Expressionism/Cubism, 1942-43
Extra Info: grid pattern of the NY streets, flashing lights of Broadway, and the vertical and horizontal motion of cars and pedestrians are conveyed as flat, colorful shapes. Fast shifts of color and their repetition recall the strong, accented rhythm of boogie-woogie, a popular form of music
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Term
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Definition
Title: Nude Descending a Staircase
Artist: Marcel Duchamp
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: New York - The Armory Show
Date: Futurism/Cubism, 1912
Extra Info: very scandalous, humorous attack on Futurist proscription against traditional Academic nudity , the women in the painting is shown at different points in her descent, so the painting resembles a series of consecutive movie stills, unframed and superimposed |
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Definition
Title: Lucky Strike
Artist: Stuart Davis
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: America
Date: Synthetic Cubism, 1921
Extra Info: flattened box of cigarettes was influenced by collage, words and numbers recall early newspaper collages, subject itself reflects American consumerism (advertises a product by its package), thus an important early forerunner of Pop Art |
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Definition
Title: From Slavery through Reconstruction
Artist: Aaron Douglas
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: Harlem/America
Date: Synthetic Cubism, 1934
Extra Info: second in 4 part series of Aspects of Negro Life, depicts 3 events following American Civil War. At the right, there is rejoicing news of the Emancipation Proclamation. Man on soapbox in center represents the success of the black man, whose voice is now being heard. In the background, the Union army leaves the South, and Reconstruction with its anti-Black backlash follows |
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Term
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Definition
Title: Black Square
Artist: Kazimir Malevich
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: Russia
Date: Suprematism (Cubism/Futurism), 1929
Extra Info: First work of suprematism, black square was an expression of the cosmic, of pure feeling, and the white was the void beyond feeling |
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Term
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Definition
Title: Fountain (Urinal)
Artist: Marcel Duchamp
Medium: Sculpture (urinal)
Origin: New York/America
Date: Dada, 1917
Extra Info: When Duchamp added a title to an object, he called the result a "ready-made". He turned the sculpted urinal upside down, signed it and called it Fountain. The work was rejected by the society, and Duchamp resigned his membership |
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Term
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Definition
Title: Collage Arranged According to the Laws of Chance
Artist: Jean (Hans) Arp
Medium: Torn and Pasted Paper
Origin: Artist is from Switzerland, art is in American now
Date: Dada, 1916-17
Extra Info: claims to have glued torn paper where it fell after some movement to prevent overlap. By tilting the rectangles slightly and leaving the edges ragged, Arp animated the image and created the impression that the shapes are trying to arrange themselves |
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Term
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Definition
Title: Le Violon d'Ingres
Artist: Man Ray
Medium: photograph reworked with pencil and ink
Origin: France
Date: Surrealism, 1924
Extra Info: Rayograph (made without a camera by placing objects on light-sensitive paper), this photo combines Dada wordplay with Surrealist imagery. The nude recalls odalisques (female slave) of Ingres while the title refers to Ingres' hobby of playing violin. By adding sound holes, Man Ray puns on the similarity between the nude's back and the shape of a violin. The combination of the nume and the holes exemplifies the dreamlike imagery of surrealism |
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Term
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Definition
Title: The Persistence of Memory
Artist: Salvado Dali
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: Spain
Date: Surrealism, 1931
Extra Info: famous for the melting clock, in a stark, oddly illuminated landscape, a number of elements referring to time - watches, eggs, a dead fish, a dead tree - are juxtaposed with a single living fly and swarming ants. Displaced from an unidentified landscape onto the eerie landscape are two rectangular platforms at left. The one in the foreground impossibly supports the tree, just as an impossible system of lighting produces strange color combonations |
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Term
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Definition
Title: Time Transfixed
Artist: Rene Magritte
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: Artist is Belgian, Art in America, maybe from France
Date: Surrealism, 1938
Extra Info: juxtaposed two familiar objects in order to evoke the unfamiliar, Poignardee in the French title, literally meaning "stabbed" with a dagger or sward, expresses the "transfixed," frozen quality of both the train and the time
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Definition
Title: Reclining Figure
Artist: Henry Moore
Medium: Sculpture from Roman Travertine
Origin: France (outside UNESCO)
Date: Sculpture derived from Surrealism, 1957-58
Extra Info: curvilinear masses and open spaces contrast with the stark rectangularity of the wall. Moor considered the mountainous quality of the forms and the majestic character of the upright head and torso a fitting metaphor for the noble aims of the UN
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Term
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Definition
Title: Big Red
Artist: Alexander Calder
Medium: Painted Sheet Metal and Steel Wire
Origin: America
Date: Dada/Surrealism, 1959
Extra Info: mobiles that hang from ceilings, their playful quality and the chance nature of air currents are reminiscent of Dada and Surrealism, although Calder is more abstract than many Dada and Surrealist artists. |
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Term
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Definition
Title: American Gothic
Artist: Grant Wood
Medium: Oil on Beaverboard
Origin: America
Date: Regionalism/Social Realism, 1930
Extra Info: Although the influence of Gothic is evident in the vertical planes and the pointed arch of the farmhouse window, the figures and their environment are unmistakably those of the American Midwest |
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Definition
Title: Gas
Artist: Edward Hopper
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: America
Date: Regionalism/Social Realism, 1940
Extra Info: combines regionalism and social realism and adds a sense of psychological isolation and loneliness, lone figure at gas pump (the form of which echoes his own), the road is a symbol of travel and time, seems to continue beyond the frame |
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Term
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Definition
Title: Migratory Cotton Picker
Artist: Dorothea Lange
Medium: Photo - Gelatin-Silver Print
Origin: America
Date: Regionalism/Social Realism, 1940
Extra Info: used to illustrate rural poverty, in such images Lange succeeded in evoking sympathy for, and identification with, her subject, thereby achieving her political goals |
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Definition
Title: Thinking about Death
Artist: Frida Kahlo
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: Mexico
Date: Surrealism, 1943
Extra Info: The abundance of foliage, juxtaposed with the death's head in the landscape tondo on Kahlo's forehead, alludes to Mexican mythology in which life and death are seen as integral aspects of nature's continuum |
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Definition
Title: Black and White
Artist: Georgia O'Keeffe
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: America
Date: Abstractionism, 1930
Extra Info: abstract depiction of various textures, motion, and form without any reference to recognizable objects, by eliminating color she further distances the image from nature and makes use of the same tonal range that is available to the black-and-white photographer |
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Definition
Title: The Gate
Artist: Hans Hofmann
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: America
Date: Abstractionism, 1959-60
Extra Info: edges vary from precise to textured. Everywhere, the paint is structured, combining bold expressive color with the tectonic qualities of Cubism and related styles |
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Definition
Title: Study for Homage to the Square
Artist: Josef Albers
Medium: Oil on Masonite
Origin: America
Date: Abstractionism, 1968
Extra Info: surfaces are smooth and the medium is subordinate to the color relationships among the squares, concentrated on the square because he believed that it was the shape furthest removed from nature |
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Definition
Title: White Light
Artist: Jackson Pollack
Medium: Oil, Enamel, and Aluminum Paint on Canvas
Origin: America
Date: Action Painting, 1954
Extra Info: The white, as indicated by the title, is what predominates, and the intensity of Pollack's light is everywhere present |
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Term
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Definition
Title: Women and Bicycle
Artist: Willem de Kooning
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: America
Date: Action Painting, 1952-53
Extra Info: the anxiety created by the woman's appearance matches the frenzy of the brushstrokes. The assault on the figure, which seems to disintegrate into unformed paint, is also and attack on the idealized Classical image of female beauty |
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Title: Number 15
Artist: Mark Rothko
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: America
Date: Abstract Expressionism, 1957
Extra Info: By muting the colors and blurring the edges of the rectangles, Rothko softens the potential contrast between them. He likewise mutes the observer's attention to the "process" of painting by virtually eliminating the presence of the artist's hand
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Definition
Title: Spectrum III
Artist: Ellsworth Kelly
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: America
Date: Color Field Painting, 1967
Extra Info: bands of color create a temporal sequence of visual movement though the spectrum, by aligning them this way, he produces a tactile effect, despite the absence of modeling. |
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Definition
Title: Ocean Park No. 129
Artist: Richard Diebenkorn
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: America
Date: West Coast Abstraction (Abstract Expressionism), 1984
Extra Info: reminiscent of the open spaces of the American West and the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean. Despite the evident influence of Matisse and Cubism on
his vision the strict geometry of the forms is relieved by the drips and the emphasis on the paint texture, which relate his work to Abstract Expressionism |
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Definition
Title: Black Wall
Artist: Louise Nevelson
Medium: Wood
Origin: America
Date: Abstract Expressionism, 1959
Extra Info: objects become abstract by virtue of their arrangement, further abstracting is the fact that it is monochrome, as a result the variety of shape and line takes precedence over the absence of color |
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Definition
Title: Black Market
Artist: Robert Rauschenberg
Medium: Canvas, Wood, Metal, and Oil Paints
Origin: America
Date: Pop Art, 1961
Extra Info: The iconography of this combine points to features of American travel, while the technique and media combine collage with assemblage, Rauschenberg is a combo of Pop Art and Abstract Expressionism |
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Definition
Title: Campbell's Soup (tomato)
Artist: Andy Warhol
Medium: Screenprints on Paper
Origin: America
Date: Pop Art, 1968
Extra Info: The clear precision of his forms and the absence of any visible reference to paint texture intensify the confrontation with the object represented. Warhol expresses his obsession with mass production and his personal identification with the mechanical, mindless, repetitive qualities of mass consumption |
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Definition
Title: Torpedo...Los!
Artist: Roy Lichtenstein
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: America
Date: Pop Art, 1963
Extra Info: the impression of violence is enhanced by the close-up of the figure's open mouth and scarred check. The absence of shading and the clear outlined forms replicate the character of comic-book imagery |
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Definition
Title: Thirteen Books
Artist: Wayne Thiebaud
Medium: Oil on Panel
Origin: America
Date: Pop Art, 1992
Extra Info: The titles are blurred and unreadable, thereby suggesting the hidden, secret content of the proverbial "closed book"
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Term
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Definition
Title: Clothespin
Artist: Claes Oldenburg
Medium: Cor-Ten and Stainless Steel
Origin: America
Date: Pop Art Sculpture, 1976
Extra Info: manages to arouse tactile response by association with actual clothespins, reflects his talent for conveying paradox and metaphor |
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Definition
Title: Aubade (Dawn)
Artist: Bridget Riley
Medium: Acrylic on Linen
Origin: America
Date: Op Art, 1975
Extra Info: the changing width of each line, combined with the changing hues, makes her picture plane pulsate with movement |
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Definition
Title: Untitled
Artist: Donald Judd
Medium: Green Lacquer on Galvanized Iron
Origin: America
Date: Minimalism, 1967
Extra Info: the shadows emphasize the vertical character of the boxes by linking them visually and creating an impression of a nonstructural pilaster |
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Definition
Title: Untitled #9
Artist: Agnes Martin
Medium: Synthetic Polymer and Graphite on Canvas
Origin: America
Date: Minimalism, 1990
Extra Info: The all-over grid has been replaced by gray horizontal bands that potentially extend beyond the confines of the frame. Their geometry and the fact that the grays lighten as they rise present and image that combines the structure of architecture with the changing, cyclical quality of nature |
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Definition
Title: Wall Drawing No. 681
Artist: Sol LeWitt
Medium: Color Ink Washes (Wall Installation)
Origin: America
Date: Conceptualism, 1993
Extra Info: Enormous aesthetic appeal despite the artist's insistence that the concept take precedence of the final product |
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Definition
Title: Coyote, I Like America and American Likes Me
Artist: Joseph Beuys
Medium: Action Sculpture
Origin: America
Date: 1974
Extra Info: when he moved the coyote moved and vice versa |
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Definition
Title: Self-Portrait
Artist: Chuck Close
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Origin: America
Date: Return to Realism, 1997
Extra Info: painted by grid squares |
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Definition
Title: The Cowboy
Artist: Duane Hanson
Medium: Polyester Resin Polychromed in Oil
Origin: America
Date: Return to Realism, 1995
Extra Info: in contrapposto, has a cowboy appearance clothing wise but the five o'clock shadow and chest hair contribute to the illusion that he is also a specific individual |
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Definition
Title: The Singing Sculpture
Artist: Gilbert and George
Medium: Performance, actual people
Origin: America
Date: 1971
Extra Info: mimed in slow motion to a recording of an old English music-hall song while standing on a low platform |
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Definition
Title: Spiral Jetty
Artist: Robert Smithson
Medium: Mud, Precipitated Crystals, Rocks, and Water
Origin: America
Date: Environmental Art, 1970
Extra Info: combo of minimalism and abstract expressionism |
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Definition
Title: Icicles
Artist: Andy Goldsworthy
Medium: Ice/Snow
Origin: Scotland
Date: Environmental Art, 1987
Extra Info: Starlike burst of icicles radiating from a central point and balanced on natural rock |
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Definition
Title: The Gates
Artist: Christo and Jeanne-Claude
Medium: Poles and Cloths
Origin: America
Date: Environmental Art, 1979-2005
Extra Info: two week project for central park, at first was shot down as an idea |
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Definition
Title: Carbon/Oxygen
Artist: Jean-Michel Basquiat
Medium: Acrylic, Oilstick, and Silkscreen on Canvas
Origin: Art is in Switzerland
Date: Urban Environment, 1984
Extra Info: Conveys the frenetic pace and mortal dangers of the city |
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Definition
Title: Self-Portrait
Artist: Robert Mapplethorpe
Medium: Unique Gelatin Silver Print
Origin: America
Date: Environmental Art, 1980
Extra Info: reveals Mapplethorpe's homosexual identity |
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Definition
Title: Untitled
Artist: Jenny Holzer
Medium: Extended Helical Tricolor LED Display Board
Origin: America
Date: Installations, 1989-90
Extra Info: 105 minutes and consisting of some 330 verbal messages conveyed through vivid colored lights |
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Definition
Title: Cremaster 4: The Loughton Candidate
Artist: Matthew Barney
Medium: Color Photograph in Cast Plastic Frame
Origin: America
Date: Installation, 1994
Extra Info: attacks our narcissism by challenging Classical idealization and threatens our sense of being human |
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Title: The Dinner Party
Artist: Judy Chicago
Medium: Mixed Media
Origin: America
Date: Feminist Art, 1974-79
Extra Info: triangular feminist version of Leonardo's Last Supper with strong diagonals that are reminiscent of Tintoretto's Last Supper |
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[image]
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Definition
Title: Mary Magdalene
Artist: Kiki Smith
Medium: Cast Silicon Bronze and Forged Steel
Origin: America
Date: Feminist Art, 1994
Extra Info: The figure represents the penitent Magdalene, whose long hair, combined with the ankle chain, endow the figure with a subhuman quality |
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[image]
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Definition
Title: Slavery! Slavery!
Artist: Kara Walker
Medium: Cut Paper and Adhesive on Wall
Origin: America
Date: Race and Gender, 1997
Extra Info: In the Western iconographic tradition, the skull is a vanitas symbol and the monkey represents the artist as the "ape of nature" |
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[image]
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Definition
Title: Vietnam Veterans Memorial
Artist: Maya Lin
Medium: Photograph
Origin: America
Date: Plus Ca Change, 1981-83
Extra Info: 58,183 name are inscribed in the order of their deaths. Viewers become engaged in reading the names as the reflective nature of the wall mirrors the world of the living |
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Definition
Title: Untitled
Artist: Cindy Sherman
Medium: Color Photograph
Origin: America
Date: Plus Ca Change, 1989
Extra Info: satire on Renaissance inspiration, attaches false breasts and shows herself as pregnant |
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[image]
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Definition
Title: The Crossing, fire still
Artist: Bill Viola
Medium: Video/Sound Installation
Origin: America
Date: Video Art, 1996
Extra Info: a votive candle at the man's feet becomes a raging fire |
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Definition
Title: The Crossing, water still
Artist: Bill Viola
Medium: Video/Sound Installation
Origin: America
Date: Video Art, 1996
Extra Info: At first a few drops of water fall on the man, but then they become a flood and, accompanied by a roar, engulf him |
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