Last Judgement, Church of St. Faith, France, Romanesque

• St. Faith refused to side with the roman pagans.
• It shows heaven and hell

Reliquary Statue of St. Faith, Church of St. Faith, France, Roanesque

• Reliquary= containers for bodies of saints and things associated with the holy family or saints.
• Additions are added over time (crown, gems, etc...)
• Example of holy robbery
• Monks stole it from one church and brought it to theirs and argued that st. faith told them to.
• Nearly life size
• Shows the triumph of christianity over paganism

Cathedral Complex, Pisa, Italy, Roanesque

• Contains the leaning tower of Pisa(A bell tower)- This began to tilt while under construction and was left that way.
• Dedicated to the Virgin Mary
• Richly decorated with marble unlike early christian basilicas.
• Reuse of the classical theme of colonnade is a characteristic of Tuscan Art. (Cylindrical tower with marble columns)

Last Judgement, Cathedral of St. Lazarus, France, Romanesque

• Built to house the relics of Saint-Lazarus.
• Later became a cathedral.
• Portrays the last judgement (Jesus is judging the humans)
• Damned on 1 side, saved on the other
• "Gislebertus made this" Maybe his signature of the artist.
• Contains Mary and St. Peter
• weighing of the soul
• demons are tying to cheat

Crucifix (Version of the Italian Volto Santo, Spain Romanesque

• Remake of "The Holy Face Crucifix"
• His robe is a reference to the holy face crucifix.
• Eastern robe
• "The Holy Face Crucifix" was said to be the first crucifix.
• This is an example ofhow the stories circulate throughout Europe.
• Clothes=Islamic

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Messengers Signal the Appearance of Halley's Comet, Bayeux Embroidery, Norman, Romanesque

• Was a document that justified the  1066 conquest of England by William the Conqueror(Duke of Normandy).
• Halley's comet symbolizes the start of his conquest on Harold (The King of England) and the English.
• Enhanced a noble's status and were in castles and palaces.
• William becomes the king of England.
• Comet=bad omen

Harold's Oath, Bayeux Embroidery, Norman, Romanesque

• William the Conqueror beats Harold
• Shows the sacred oath that Harold made and broke
• arrows in eye= dead

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Interior, Saint-Denis,France Gothic

• St. Denise= Patron St. of France and First Bishop of Paris
• First Gothic Building
• Sujay's dream was to modernize the Church to bigger and better fit the French
• He had to make a plea to the king to get it built
• Sujya read about the power of light in "The Letter of Dianises(St. Denise)"- he decided to install stain glass windows for light- this stuck around today in christian architecture
• He changed the shape of the windows to pointed from round.
• He added decorations around the exterior
• Pointed= larger interior spaces
• Housed the tombs of kings and relics of St. Denise.
• Notice the effects of the light with stain glass windows

Chartres CAthedral (facade), France, Gothic

• Dominates the city scale
• Dedicated to the Virgin Mary
• Primary relic is the blouse Mary wore when she gave birth to Jesus.This relic weny on an art exhibition to help pay for the consruction.
• Roof is copper (that's why it is green)
• Fully gothic (many were only partially gothic because not enough funding.
• symbolic domninance of Christianity= Located over an old religious structure
• Labyrinth on the ground to symbolize Jerusalem Journey
• Nave= Central Walkway to alter
• Apse= Behind alter

Rose Window and Lancets, Chartres Cathedral

• Large scale single figures that could be seen at a distance because of their size, bold drawing, and strong color. 
• Was a gift from King Louis IX.
• Rose medallian window
• Lancet= Skinny windows on bottom
• Combines new and old testament pictures
• dedicated to mary
• Random 6 windows show the donations

Interior, Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, Gothic

• Commissioned by Louis the 9th
• Housed his collection of relics
• Very Gothic
• Relics cost 3 times as much as the building

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Holofernes' Army Crossing the Euphrates River, Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, Gothic

• Some windows were taken down for more light. This was one of them.
• William Powell bought it and was considered the first American to concentrate on medieval art.

Cimabue, Virgin and Child Enthroned, Italian

• Perhaps for the main altar of the Church of Santa Trinitia n Florence
• Angels around the virgin
• Hebrew bible Prophets below her
• Byzantine/greek Influence= gold background, linearity, and flat
• Hand gestures= traditional style
• Thought Naturalism was a distraction from the message.

Giotto, Virgin and Child Enthroned, Italian

• This is a reproduction made 25 years later by Gotto
• Gotto is Ciabue's Pupil
• Less crowded
• More realistic/naturalistic- growing idea of naturalism in paintings (trying to make it 3D)
• Uses color instead of lines to show folds
• More human positions (don't need to tilt head/point)
• The idea of humanism is coming back
• More illusionistic
• Strong contrasting colors = 3D

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Giotto, Lamenation, from the Arena shChapel, Italian

• shows his pallet and mastery of composition and expressions for grief
• Shows many different expressions for grief
• Shows how modern Giotto is
• penance for a banking family (they charged people so much money ) and wanted public forgiveness
• dead tree= symbolizes dead christ

Ivory Chest with Scenes from Courtly Romances, French

• Holds women's stuff
• Holds stuff like combs
• Has romantic scenes on it
• loose hair= bad morals
• Dog=fidelity
• Tristian and Eisel Story

Virgin and Child, French

• An inscription the the bottom states it's a donation to the abbey church of Saint Denise
• The donor's name is Queen Jeanne d'Evreux
• weight shift on legs = greek influence
• precious object
• could have only come from the royal court
• symbolizes the King's Wealth
• Came from the treasurey of St. Denise

Pieta, German

• expressionistic
• made out of wood
• meant to be dramatic
• Christ's wounds look like bubonic plague infections
• Shows the lamentation
• Not from a court- you can tell because it's made of wood
• Porbably from a generic church

Ritual Vessel, Shang Dynasty, bronze

• Probably for wine
• feline figure
• Called "guang"
• lion/owl hybrid
• placed in tombs of nobility
• indicates status of owner
• bronze

Teracotta Soldiers from the Mausoleum of Emperor Shihuangdi

• armry to protect the emperor Shihuangdi (The Ruthless Emperor who turned the states into an Empire, Qin Dynasty)
• made unique faces (probably not actual protraits)
• Originally held bronze weapons
• 8000
• Emperor became a maniac
• People rebelled aginst him and used the terakata weapons to take his son out of power

Painted Banner for Lady Dai, Han Dynasty

• T shaped cross
• Illustrates Han Cosmology
• Lady Dai "The Horse King Mounted" contained 1400 objects with her body wrapped in textiles
• Depicts heaven, earth, and the underworld

Standing Buddha, Bamiyan, Afganistan

• image of the largest Buddah Sculpture ever made
• Face, arm, legs were built in other materials (that's why its missing)
• Missing today
• Destroyed in 2001 by the Taliban
• A world heritage sight
• There werent Buddhists in Afganistan

Film: The Immortal Emperor:Shihuangi

Burial Chamber, Igbo-Ukwu, Igbo culture, Nigeria

• A powerful local leader
• His tomb contained overlook beads
• Beads= crown jewels
• Elephants= royal power
• Lepards= Royal Power
• Staff-detailed images of birds, bronze
• Bronze was money, reflected status

Roped Pot, Igbo-Ukwu, Igbo culture, Nigeria, bronze

• all done in bronze
• jingle bells at top
• image is a fake
• plated in wax
• used in ritual ceromony
• Many copies of this were made
• this picture is original i think or maybe not
• sacrificial object committed to royalty

Crowned Head of Queen, Ife, Yoruba culture, Nigeria, brass

• tradition of sculpting life like heads
• Used lost-wax process
• Purpose is unkown but probably cast on a manican at her funeral
• resembles modern Yorubas wiht its big lips
• Verticle striations are called scarification (purpose for these is unknown.

Ritual Vessel, Ife, Yoruba culture, Nigeria, bronze

• Found in igbu Ukwu's Burial Chamber (a royal ceromonial site between 2 altars)
• Was broken before it was burried as a ritual so the liquids would pour into the earth
• used as a funnel

Royal Altar, Bernin, Edo Culture

• Made of bronze to reflect status
• Elephants= strength
• Bronze heads= kings

Hip Mask for a Queen Mother, Benin, Edo Culture, Nigeria, brass

• Coral= ultimate symbol of authority/power
• Only the Oba (ruler) could commission art in brass.
• The Oba wore this around his waist on his belt
• It is his mom
• Necklace= Portuguese soldiers
• He gave credit to conquering his enemies to his mother's advice
• Portuguese are emissaries of Okuon and therefore came form the sea.

Plaque with Warriors, Benin, Edo Culture, Nigeria, Brass

• War Chief is bigger than everyone else and in the center
• He's holding the Eban sword
• Decorated the Oba  (king)
• Raises sword in honor of the king

Horseman, Jenne, Mali, ceramic

• 2 feet tall
• fired in piles of brush
• He may be a gaurdian figure or hero, or even a defied ancestor
• Thousands of these in existence
• 99% of known ones have been looted
• not sure of their original purpose
• exagerated proportions of man in horse= man own horse

Great Mosque, Jenne, Mali, adobe

• Compared to persian architecture
• Largest adobe building in the world
• Islamic
• Ostrich eggs= fertility and purity
• Picture is a reconstruction done in the 13th century