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| The overall plan or structure. Depends on how the formal elements (line, shape, color, dark, light) are arranged. Involves balance and harmony of parts. |
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Definition
A flat surface having a direction in space. Can be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal.
Examples:
Horizontal - Magritte's Pipe
Vertical - Brancusi's Bird
Diagonal - God Drawing the Universe With a Compass |
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Definition
| The harmonious blending of formal elements (line, shape, color, dark, light). Simplest form is symmetry. |
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| A technique used to create a 3D space out of a 2D image. Typically done using modeling lines. |
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| A path traced by a moving point. |
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Definition
| A tool used to add to the aspect of depth. Can be linear or geometric. |
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| Physical Properties of Color |
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Definition
Defined by hue, value, and intensity.
Hue includes primary colors, secondary colors, tertiary colors, monochromatics, complementary colors, etc. and relates to wavelengths.
Value is the relative lightness or darkness of an image.
Intensity refers to brightness or dullness. |
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Definition
Part of Greek art, when sculpting and painting began to advance and change.
600BC-480BC
Paintings usually involved a black figure technique and narrative scenes. |
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Definition
Category of Greek art
480-400BC
Pottery style done with red figures. |
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Definition
Famous Greek sculptor
~440BC
Well known for his Doryphoros (spearbearer) |
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Greek city state
5th century BC - Golden age of Athens
Construction of the Acropolis happened during the classical period. |
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Definition
The "High City" of Athens - location of the main temple.
Mid 5th century BC
Phidias, a famous sculptor, contributed to the building. |
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Definition
Greek temple on the acropolis dedicated to Athena.
448-432BC
First real expression of balance, proportion, and unity.
Statues of Athena built my Phidious |
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Definition
Greek Sculptor
480-430BC
Depicted the birth of Athena on one of the walls of the Parthenon. |
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Definition
A style of temple building characterized by columns, walls, sculptures, and art work on the buildings.
600BC
The shaft is slightly tilted forward about a quarter of the way up. |
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Definition
| Building style similar to doric, but more graceful and elegant. |
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Definition
Style developed in Corinth
Late 5th century BC
Recognized by acanthus leaf capital |
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Definition
Capital of Italy that rose to power after the fall of Alexander the Great in 323BC
735BC - mythological founding date
Heavily influenced by Greek sculpture, painting, architecture. |
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Definition
Democracy formed by the Romans after overthrowing Etruscans
509BC-27BC
Led by 2 consuls that were elected annually. |
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Definition
Imperialist period that begins with Octavian becomes the first emperor
31BC - 300AD
First ruling dynasty that was the Juli0-Claudian dynasty. |
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Definition
An amphitheater to hold annual gladiatorial, naval, and animal games.
72AD
Gardens
Tuscan columns on ground floor, ionic on second, and corinthian on 3rd |
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Definition
Built in 27BC and rebuilt in 117-125AD by Hadrian
Location of Raphael's tomb |
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Definition
A roof or ceiling of a masonry, constructed on the arch principle.
4th century BC (early Roman)
The basis of the arch which is formed using bricks. |
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Definition
A vaulted ceiling on a circular base which resembles an arch rotated 180 degrees.
125AD
The Parthenon is an example. |
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Definition
French Magician
1805-1871
One of the leading box office attractions of his time |
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Definition
French brothers, Auguste and Louis who created the first camera and projector in one.
1895
They made their own short and simple films. |
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Definition
French Magician and filmmaker
Born in 1861
1902 - A Trip to the Moon
Considered the father of fantasy film |
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Definition
French painter specializing in sensual/religious work.
1825 - 1905
"Birth of Venus" Painter.
Style was sweet and smooth. |
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Term
Romanesque Art
(main characteristics) |
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Definition
Style of architecture commonly used in churches, meant to scare or intimidate people into worship.
11th-12th centuries.
Took elements from Roman styles, such as columns, rounded arches, dark interior, absence of light and windows, apses, and barrel vaults.
Examples: St. Sernin in Toulouse, France - contains central nave, long doric hallways |
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Definition
Religious journeys popular among christians
First crusade - 11th century
Used to forgive Christians for their sins. |
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Definition
A series of military conflicts originally meant to take land from Muslims.
11th-13th century
Motivations were spiritual, material, and territorial. |
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Term
| Sainte-Foy in Conques France |
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Definition
Popular pilgrimage site in France on the way to Spain.
1120AD
Built for St. Foy, a young woman martyr killed in the 4th century - beheaded by Romans because she wouldnt sacrifice - monks stole her remains and built the church
Style of Romanesque art |
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Term
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Definition
The semi circular or triangle decorative wall surface over an entrance.
1130AD
An aspect of Romanesque art that was originally from the Romans. |
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Definition
Ornamental band or molding surrounding the tympanum in a Romanesque or Gothic church.
1115-1135 |
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Definition
The horizontal crossbeam spanning the opening in the post and lintel system.
1130 AD
Earliest type of architecture. |
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Term
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Definition
An oval or almond shaped radiance surrounding a holy figure.
1130AD
Its usually seen around figures of Christ in tympanums. |
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Term
| Saint-Lazare Cathedral at Autun, France |
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Definition
Roman Catholic Cathedral
1195 AD
Sculptural decoration.
Has an awesome God of Last Judgement, fear of God
Type of Romanesque art |
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Term
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Definition
Popular during the rise of Humanism, when people were focusing on humanity and a growth of universities.
1200AD - 1400AD
Light and airy structures, attempted to be more welcoming.
St. Francis of Assisi - Imprisoned and had visions prompting a rise of "humanity"
Characteristics: cluster piers, stained glass, pointed arches, dematerialized spaces, flying buttresses, rubbed vaulting, rose windows, realistic sculptures
EX: Notre Dame, Chartres cathedral |
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Term
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Definition
Gothic church in France
1140AD
Considered first Gothic church |
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Term
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Definition
A vault constructed of arched diagonal ribs.
1140 AD
A deviation from older barrel vaults. |
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Definition
Windows composed of pieces of glass colored with minerals held in place with strips of lead.
1140AD - St. Denis
Major feature of Gothic architecture. |
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Term
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Definition
A Characteristic and essential feature of gothic churches.
1140 AD - St Denis
They reflect the Roman arch as well as Islamic influence. |
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Definition
Gothic architecture
1140 AD - St. Denis
Walls were opened to let more light in but structures needed more support. |
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Term
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Definition
Gothic style cathedral in France.
1134 - 1220 AD
The tympanum above the door depicts the second coming. |
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Term
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Definition
In churches, the long narrow central area used to congregate.
The largest hall in the church. |
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Term
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Definition
A cross arm in a Christian church, placed at right angles to the nave.
1134 - 1220 AD (Chartres cathedral)
Shorter in length than the nave.
Rose windows often placed at the ends. |
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Term
Renaissance
(Two prominent painters) |
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Definition
Term means rebirth.
Began about 1400 - 1520 with the death of Raphael.
Rediscovery of the classics and desire to reproduce the natural world.
Began in Florence.
Development of perspective
Order and reason
Raphael (1483 - 1520) Influence of the Classical Quarry, geometry, stately, clear and calm
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)Sfumato, perspective |
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Term
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Definition
Concerns in human values and interests as distinct from religious values.
1300 - 1600AD
Francesco Petrarca is the father - italian poet. |
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Definition
Italian city.
15th century.
Wealthy patrons supported humanism. |
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Term
| Arnolfini Wedding Portrait |
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Definition
Renaissance oil painting by Jan Van Eyck.
1434 AD
Christian symbolism.
Intense realism and rich detail. |
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Term
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Definition
Painter of the Northern Renaissance.
1390 - 1441 AD
Credited with inventing the oil painting.
Realistic, detail orientated, brightly colored and filled with symbolism. |
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Definition
Italian painter, sculptor, inventor, engineer, etc.
1425 - 1519AD
Considered to be an archetype man.
Used sfumato in his paintings. |
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Definition
Culmination of art from the Italian Renaissance.
1450 - 1520AD
Ideas of proportion, composition, and perspective.
It inspired mannerism. |
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Definition
Oil on wood painting by Leonardo de Vinci.
1503 - 1506AD
Also called La Gioconda.
Features a pyramidal composition and contrasting perspectives in the foreground and background. |
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Definition
Fresco painting by Leonardo de Vinci.
1495
A mixture of oil and tempera that flaked off and is badly damaged today.
Depicts Christ declaring that one of his 12 apostles will betray. |
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Term
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Definition
Means "toned down" or "vanished in smoke" and is formed by delicate gradations of light and shade.
Leonardo used glazes to achieve sfumato in oil, which creates a haze. |
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Term
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Definition
Italian high renaissance painter and architect.
1438 - 1520AD
"Madonna of the Meadows" and "The School of Athens"
Embodied the classical character of the high renaissance. |
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Term
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Definition
means irregular or imperfect
unrestrained, overly emotional, more energetic
Chiaroscuro and theatrical effects
Color and light are contracted, space is asymmetrical
1600-1715 - Italy
Rise of the Catholic church
Concept of Tenebrism |
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Definition
Bernini's rival
Worked on the Trinitarian monastery of San Carlo - considered an architectural innovation due to the alteration in concave and convex and twisted columns |
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Term
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Definition
One of the first woman painters to emerge from Europe
Known for paintings of heroic women and violent scenes
"Judith Slaying Holofernes" - exhibits a baroque taste for violence, shifts of light and dark, dramatic drapery
follower of Caravaggio |
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Term
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Definition
The use of sharply contrasting light and dark
Seen in Caravaggio's Calling of Saint Matthew
Used to enhance the Christian message
(Light focused on the figures who see Christ and dark portrayed on the man who is focused on money)
Characteristic of Baroque
Liberation of art
EX: Conversation of St. Paul |
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Definition
Painter - Italian Baroque
Criminal behavior and knowledge of Roman street life affected his paintings
"Calling of Saint Matthew"
"Boy with a Basket of Fruit" - shows close study of nature |
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Term
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Definition
| An intellectual quarry for the Greeks and Romans that served as inspirtion for artists |
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Definition
Protestant painter in Amsterdam
Said to have invented modern art market
Reflected Dutch capitalism
Subject of paintings included biblical and mythological senses, landscapes, and portraits
Attracted to dramatic uses of light and dark
Night Watch - depicts a militia company leaving Amsterdam on a shooting expedition, arches in the background are a reminder of ancient Rome
Psychology of light
Influential on theater and cinema |
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Term
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Definition
Leading architect in Rococo architecture
Created Rococo Residenz/Episcopal Palace
Contains staircase, decorations of statues and stone kraters, cupids over the doorways
Doors are framed by Corinthian pilasters |
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Term
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Definition
Architect for church Rococo "Church of the Meadow"
Interior designed to give visitors a sense of spiritual loftiness and a glimpse of heaven
Decoration is mostly gold with some pink and pink marble
Ceiling of church uses ornate illusionism |
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Term
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Definition
Rococo Artist - The Swing - use of frilly patterns, twisting branches, fluffy clouds
Use of stone statues to give an erotic implication
Connotation of "swinging" still used today - "swinging sixties" |
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Term
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Definition
18th century (1700-1775)
Age of enlightenment
Coined term by mixing two terms which meant "rock" and "shell"
An expressionism of wit and frivoly but also has somber and satirical undercurrants
1715-1800
Elaborate delicate clothing
Image of love
Reaction to the power of Baroque
Francois de Cuvillies
Jean-Honore Fragonard |
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Term
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Definition
18th century
Philosophical ideas translated into a political movement
"ergo sum" - "I think therefore I am"
Improvement in technology and advances in science
Knowledge derives from experience
Images of light and sun
Important people - Descartes, John Locke, Denis Diderot |
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Term
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Definition
Leading Rococo painter
Interest in voluptuous nudes and richly textured materials
Subjects were thin and gracefu
"Fetes Galantes" - paintings of festive gatherings
Pilgrimage to Cythera - oil painting the depicted a group of amorous people at the island of Venus - flowers denote love and fertility, frivolity of lovers |
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Term
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Definition
Significant around 1750
Revival of Gothic due to Palladian movement and romatic movement
Imitation of gothic ruins
Strawberry Hill - building includes battlements, buttresses, tracery, interior vaulting - mixed styles
Horace also sat in parliament as a Whig |
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Term
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Definition
French artist
Traditional
Roman idealized figures
Embodied neoclassiciam and romanticism with some traces of Mannerist elegance
Academy of Fine Arts
Napoleon Enthroned - shows fussiness of rococo, exaggeration of mannerism, clarity and percision of neoclassicaliam
Fued with Delecroix |
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Term
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Definition
Late 18th & early 19th centuries
Classical style with an element of romanticism
A reaction from rococo levity
Evolved from French baroque
Closely associated with many revolutionary movements of the period
Political aspects, heroic subject matter, formal clarity, stability and solidity
EX: Osterly House - Robert Adam - combo of style - greek temple front, swirling interior from Rome
Emma Hamilton |
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Term
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Definition
1750-1900
Reaction to Rococo
search for natural expression of emotion
Nobel savage vs. society man
Nostalgia for the past
EX: Jean-Jaques Rousseau |
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Term
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Definition
First gothic novel
Written by Warpole
"Romance of ruin"
Plot: crumbling castle, damsel in distress, tyrant demon, haunted - people believed it to be true
Lead to Dracula and Frankenstien
First to use idea of trap doors |
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Term
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Definition
Paris Opera - 1825-1898
Very ornamental
Place to be seen
Grand promenade hall
Central court where people were introduced
Phantom of the Opera
Neo-baroque |
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Term
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Definition
English romantic movement
Expression and passion through nature
Thirst for exotic and medieval
Bright colors, elegant clothing
Ex: Dante Gabriel Rossetti - resistance to modernism
John William Waterhouse - The Lady of Shalott - curse on her if she looks at Sir Lancelot, floating woman |
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Term
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Definition
Light passes through a pinhole and shows an inverted image
Possibly used since the renaissance (17th century)
First development in fantasy film |
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Term
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Definition
Contains an eye, object, and piece of paper
Different from camera obscura because it added a mirror and prism
Reflection allows for artists to draw very accurate images
Charles Falco and David Hockney |
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Term
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Definition
Primitive slide projector
Moving slides quickly gives animation
Moveable parts add sound
Sometimes accompanied with singers - Ada Jones
Phantasmagoria
Limelight used - somewhat dangerous (Oxygen and water squirted onto limestone caused light) |
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Term
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Definition
1779-1869
Roget's Thesaurus
Swiss medical doctor
Inverted thaumatrope - flipping disc
Persistence of Vision |
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Term
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Definition
1801-1883
Belgian physicist
Created Phenakistiscope - many images on a rotating disc - 1828 |
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Term
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Definition
1765-1833
Photography
Silver chloride on surface changes color when struck by light
Used on the back of a camera obscura
8 hour heliograph - but light/dark reversed
first fixed image-1827
Died due to inhaled mercury vapors |
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Term
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Definition
1787-1851
Gallery owner and hustler
Meets Niepce in 1827 and offers money for ideas/products and claims sole crefit |
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Term
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Definition
1800-1877
Member of parliment, optometrist
Bathes plates in silver nitrate and salt to make a Shadowgraphy
Lights and darks reversed
Dagurre steals idea |
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Term
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Definition
1830-1893
French physiologist
12 images per second = movement
Photo rifle
beginning of motion pictures |
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Term
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Definition
1824-1893
Pacific railroads
Created monopolies that forced people to buy bonds
Exploited farers
Developed land and then raised rent
Governor of CA |
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Term
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Definition
Western photographer
Study of galloping horse - 1882
study proved horses 4 legs off the ground and helped Stanford win a bet
Created projector Zoopraxiscope |
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Term
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Definition
1883 - First movies in England
Magic box - projector |
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Term
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Definition
Stole many ideas
Created monopolies
Kinetoscope with perforated film srocket
Black Maria |
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Term
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Definition
| created word balloons and the brownie camera |
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Term
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Definition
Created Lumiere projector
1895 - first theater show
First show scared people "Arrival of a Train"
The Grande Cafe - 10 short films
Used special effects
First traveling camera
People eventually lost interest |
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Term
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Definition
1861-1937
"Black sheep" of the family
Sent to London and studied card tricks
Witnesses Lumieres show and is amazed
Used special effects - disappearing, white magic
Bought Robert-Houdin's theater
First director to use story boards
Took Houdin's name - Houdini |
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Term
| Aspects of George Melies' films |
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Definition
Magic tricks from Houdin - trap doors, smoke bombs, fadeout
Intricate set designs
Didn't use close-ups
Stop motion cinematography (like the disappearing lady)
Superimposition of scenes
Lots of light
Baroque influences seen in sets
Famous movie: A Trip to the Moon |
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Term
| Jean Eugene Robert-Houdin |
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Definition
1805-1871
Magician of Paris
Ambassador to Algeria - calmed natives with his bullet trick
Invented incandescent light
Used contortionists, smoke bombs, acrobats,rising/falling sets |
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Term
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Definition
1896
Cresents around figureheads
Throne of the Selenites - from the film A Trip to the Moon |
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Term
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Definition
Romantic artist
uses bold colors
Painted Othello and Liberty Leadig the People
No solid lines gives emotion
Use of earthy tones
Romantic but contemporary |
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Term
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Definition
1819-1877
Tore down a Napoleon statue and was exiled to Switzerland
Anti church, anti govt, anti school
didn't use elevated subjects |
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Term
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Definition
Heroic materialism
Ex: The Stone Breakers - Coubet
Megalographic
Not really relevant at the time due to photography |
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Term
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Definition
1832-1883
Optical sensations of light and color
Used earthy tones and complementary colors
Not idealistic
Used proportions
His reaction to romantic |
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Term
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Definition
1840-1926
Absinthe drinker
Coloristic paintings
Used a lot of color and light
Complementary colors and choppy brush strokes
Impressionism |
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Term
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Definition
Rejected priest, stalked women
Admired Coubet
Used color to suggest emotion
Everything interrelates
Painted The Potato Eaters and The Night Cafe and Starry Night |
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Term
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Definition
1863-1944
Emotional painter
Painted Madonna |
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Term
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Definition
1856-1939
Idea of Ig, ego, and super ego
Many health problems
Studied dreams and psychoanalysis
Ideas of depression, denial, childhood, unconscious
Started talk therapy
Influenced painters like Munch |
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