Term
|
Definition
| search for laws that describe the most fundamental aspects of nature: matter, energy, forces, motion, heat, light, and other phenomena. All natural systems, including planets, stars, cells, and people, display these basic phenomena, so physics is the starting point for almost any study of how nature works. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of atoms in combinations. Chemicals form every material object of our world, while chemical reactions initiate vital changes in our environment and our bodies. Chemistry is thus an immensely practical (and profitable) science. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of stars, planets, and other objects in space. We are living in an era of unprecedented astronomical discovery thanks to the development of powerful new telescopes and robotic space exploration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of the origin, evolution, and present state of our home, planet Earth. Many geology departments also emphasize the study of other planets as a way to understand the unique character of our own world. At many universities, this sort of study is carried out in departments with names like “Planetary Science’ or “Earth Systems Science.” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of living systems. Biologists document life at many scales, from individual microscopic molecules and cells to expansive ecosystems. |
|
|
Term
Equation: distance = constant x (time)2
Symbols: d = k x t2
Chapter 1 |
|
Definition
| a. The distance traveled is proportional to the square of the time travel. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distance an object travels divided by the time it takes to travel that distance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has the same numerical value as speed, but is a quantity that also includes information on the direction of travel. |
|
|
Term
formulas for velocity/speed
ch. 2 |
|
Definition
Equation of Velocity or Speed (m/s)= distance traveled(m)/time of travel(s)
Symbol form of Velocity or Speed= V=d/t |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the measure of the rate of change of velocity |
|
|
Term
formula for acceleration
ch. 2 |
|
Definition
Equation form= Acceleration (m/s2)= final velocity – initial velocity/time
Symbol form= a=(vf–vi)/t |
|
|
Term
The velocity of an accelerating object that starts from rest is proportional to the length of time that it has been falling.
ch. 2 |
|
Definition
Equation form= Velocity (m/s)= constant a(m/s2) x time(s)
Symbol form= v=a x t |
|
|
Term
The distance covered by an accelerating object depends on the square of the travel time
ch. 2 |
|
Definition
Equation form= Distance traveled (m) = ½ x acceleration (m/s2) x time2 (s2)
Symbol Form= d = ½ x a x t2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a moving object will continue moving in a straight line at a constant speed, and a stationary object will remain at rest, unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
1. Uniform motion: object travelling in a straight line at a constant speed
- All other motions are called accelerations
-Involves changes in speed, directions, or both |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the acceleration produced on a body by a force is proportional to the magnitude of the force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Equation in words: The greater the force, the greater the acceleration; but the more massive the object being acted on by a given force, the smaller the acceleration
Equation form: Force= mass(kg) x acceleration (m/s2)
Symbol form= F= m x a |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-equals the product of an object’s mass times its velocity
Equation form= momentum (kg – m/s) = mass(kg) x velocity(m/s)
Symbol form= p= m x v |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the most obvious force in our daily lives |
|
|
Term
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
ch. 2 |
|
Definition
| between any two objects in the universe there is an attractive force (gravity) that is proportional to the masses of the objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them |
|
|
Term
| Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation Formula |
|
Definition
Equation form= force of gravity (newtons) [G x mass1 (kg) x mass2 (kg)] / [distance (m)]2
Symbol form= F= (G x m1 x m2)/d2 |
|
|
Term
| vii. When we say that A is directly proportional to B, we mean that if A increases, B must increase by the same proportion. If A doubles then B must double as well. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The gravitational constant, G, is a constant of direct proportionality; it expresses the exact numerical relation between the masses of two objects and their separation, on the one hand, and the force between them on the other. |
|
Definition
| Equation= F= (G x m1 x m2)/d2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| whenever a force is exerted over a distance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In words: work is equal to the force that is exerted times the distance over which it is exerted
Equation= work(joules)= force (newtons) x distance(meters)
-Where a Joule is the unit of work
-1 joule of work= 1 N of force x 1 m of distance
Symbols= W= F x d |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provides a measure of both the amount of work done and the time it takes to do that work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In words: power is the amount of work done divided by the time it takes to do that work
Equation = power (watts) = work (joules) / time (seconds)
-Where the watt is the unit of power
-1 watt of power = (1 joule of energy) / (1 second of time) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1000 watts, commonly used to measure electrical power |
|
|
Term
Defines power as energy divided by time
ch. 3 |
|
Definition
| Equation = power (watts) x time (seconds) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to do work (has energy) because of its motion |
|
|
Term
kinetic energy formula
ch. 3 |
|
Definition
In words: kinetic energy equals the mass of the moving object times the square of that object’s speed, times the constant ½
Equation = kinetic energy (joules) = ½ x mass (kg) x [speed (m/s)]2
Symbols = EK = ½ x m x v2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the gravitational potential energy of any object equals its weight (the gravitational force exerted downward by the object) times its height above the ground |
|
|
