Church of Old St. Peter's

ca. 320-327

Latin-cross plan

Hagia Sophia

Constantinople

532-537

Justinian Era

Gero Crucifix

ca. 970

Saint-Sernin

Toulouse, France

ca. 1070-1120

Cathedral of Notre-Dame

Chartres, France

ca. 1134-1220

First fire: 1134

Second fire: 1194

Vesperbild, Andachtsbild

ca. 1300-1325

Jan van Eyck

Giovanni Arnolfini and his Bride

1434

Symbols of fertility, fidelity, the eye of God, salvation

Van Eyck played a major role in establishing portraiture as an important art form

Rogier van der Weyden

Deposition

Notre-Dame 

ca. 1435

Relief carving,  made to look like a shallow theatrical stage

Creates an unforgettable emotional impact

Masaccio

Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Eden

Brancacci Chapel

Florence, Italy

ca. 1425

Donatello

David

Late 1420's - late 1450's

relaxed contrapposto

first nude statue since ancient times

Sandro Botticelli

Birth of Venus

ca. 1482

Neo-platonism

inspired by a poem and classical Aphrodite statues

revived the theme of the female nude

Michelangelo

David

1501-1504

heroic classical nude

represented David before the encounter with Goliath, rather than after the victory

large hands/feet and muscles show David's forthcoming victory

Michelangelo

Ceiling: 1508-1512

Last Judgment: 1534-1541

Sistine Chapel, Vatican (Rome)

frescoes

illustrated the creation and fall of mankind

The Last Judgment depicted Christ as the stern judge of the world

Terrifying visions of fate

Titian

Venus of Urbino

1538

Established oil color on canvas as preferred painting medium for Western art

Set the standard for representations of the reclining female nude

Used color to emphasize and organize placement of forms

Pontormo

Descent from the Cross

Capponi Chapel, Santa Felicità, Florence

1525-1528

Represents a departure from the compositions of the earlier Renaissance.

Pontormo left a void in the center of the composition to emphasize the grouping of hands (symbolic of loss & grief)

Andrea Palladio,

Villa Rotonda,

near Vicenza

ca. 1566-1570

Matthias Grünewald

Isenheim Altarpiece

Crucifixion

From the Hospital of St. Anthony

Isenheim, Germany

ca. 1510-1515

depicts suffering and disease but also miraculous healing, hope, & salvation

Albrecht Dürer

The Fall of Man (Adam and Eve)

1504

Based human proportions on arithmetic ratios

Animals represent human temperaments based on the "four humors"

Albrecht Dürer

Four Apostles

1526

documents the artist's support for Martin Luther

Hans Holbein the Younger

The French Ambassadors

1533

Collection of objects that reflect their worldliness and learning

Anamorphic skull = reminder of death :)

Pieter Aertsen

Meat Still-Life

(Butcher's Stall)

1551

balanced images of gluttony with allusions to salvation

Pieter Bruegel the Elder

Hunters in the Snow

1565

shows mastery of line, shape, and compositon

El Greco

The Burial of Count Orgaz

Santo Tomè, Toledo, Spain

1586

blend of Byzantine and Italian Mannerist elements

Intense emotional content captured fervor of Spanich Catholicism

Carlo Maderno façade

St. Peter's (Rome)

1606-1612

embodies the design principles of early Baroque architecture

Bernini

piazza in front of St. Peter's (Rome)

1656-1667

symbolizes the welcome the Catholic Church wished to extend during the

Counter-Reformation

Gianlorenzo Bernini

St. Peter's

Vatican

1624-1633

Bernini's baldacchino marks St. Peter's tomb and the high altar, and visually bridges human scale to the lofty vaults and dome above

Bernini

David

1623

fundamentally different than Donatello's and Michelangelo's 

Bernini captures David at the peak of action

Caravaggio

Calling of St. Matthew

Contarelli Chapel

San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome

ca. 1597-1601

stark contrast of light and dark

Caravaggio

Entombment

from Santa Maria in Vallicella

ca. 1603

Artemisia Gentileschi

Judith Slaying Holofernes

ca. 1614-1620

Fre Andrea Pozzo

Glorification of Saint Ignatius

ceiling of Sant' Ignazio, Rome

1691-1694

merged real and painted architecture to create illusion of heaven opening up

Velázquez

Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor)

1656

the exact meaning of the work is uncertain

meant to elevate Velázquez and the profession of painting

Peter Paul Rubens

Arrival of Marie de' Medici at Marseilles

1622-1625

personification of France

Frans Hals

Archers of Saint Hadrian

ca. 1633

Hals solved the problem of portraying each individual in a group portrait while retaining action and variety

Rembrandt

The Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq (Night Watch)

1642

captures the excitement of men preparing for a parade

Rambrandt's use of light contributes to the animation

Rembrandt

Return of the Prodigal Son

ca. 1665

Jan Vermeer

Woman Holding a Balance

ca. 1664

Hyacinthe Rigaud

Louis XIV

1701

Conveys the image of an absolute monarch

Fleur-de-lis coronation robes suggest haughtiness 

Views of the palace at Versailles, France

Begun 1669

Louis le Vau, Jules Hardouin-Mansart

hundreds of mirrors "extend" the room's width

Jules Hardouin-Mansart

and Charles Le Brun,

Galerie des Glaces (Hall of Mirrors)

Palace of Versailles

ca. 1680

Nicolas Poussin

Et in Arcadia Ego

ca. 1655

figures based on antique statuary 

Sir Christopher Wren

New Saint Paul's Cathedral

London

1675-1710

façade design based on Italian architecture;

the great dome recalls St. Peter's in Rome

Antoine Watteau

Return from Cythera

1717-1719

fête galante (amorous festival) = depicted outdoor amusements of French high society

Jean-Honoré Fragonard

The Swing

1766

Epitomizes rococo style

Joseph Wright of Derby

An Experiment on a Bird in the Air-Pump

1768

Jacques-Louis David

Oath of the Horatii

1784

celebrates ancient Roman patriotism and sacrifice

statuesque figures and classical architecture

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

Grande Odalisque

1814

followed the example of the classical reclining nude, but with a woman in a Turkish harem

Francisco Goya

The Third of May, 1808

1814

evoked viewer's empathy for the massacred Spanish peasants

Peasant w/ cruciform gesture

Théodore Géricault

Raft of the Medusa

1818-1819

Rejected neoclassical composition

Shows writhing bodies in suffering & death

Gustave Eiffel

Eiffel Tower

1887-1889

Édouard Manet

Olympia

1863

Nude prostitute and her black maid presenting her with flowers from a client;

Critiqued for its promiscuity and rough brushstrokes/abruptly shifting tones