·      615 BC-7^th c. AD

·      Culture: Rome

·      know various buildings: curia, comida, house of Vestil virgins

-public forum

-focus of political life

-originally a marshy valley

-Curia Julia constructed under Augustus

Cleopatra

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·      69-30 BC

·      Culture: Egyptian

·      Queen of Egypt

·      Relations with Caesar and Marc Antony

·      Her and Antony lost at the battle of Actium to Octavian

·      May not have been as attractive as sometimes depicted…

Greek Theater

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·      5^th c. BC

·      full Orchestra, scanae, Theatron, Sophocles

·      Theatron: Sitting area

-Paricous: side entrance

-orchestra: chorus

-scanae: scene/backdrop

·      Strongly influenced Dorothy Arzner, especially Sopholocles Antigone

-became a place to honor Dionysius

Roman Theater

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·      55 BC-Theater of Pompey

·      Culture: Roman

·      Seating area in the orchestra

·      High built up scene

·      Pulpitum, long low stage (in yellow on pic)

·      Good example: Theater of Pompey

·      First permanent stone theater in Rome

Circus Maximus

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·      7^th c BC-7^th c. AD

·      Culture: Roman

·      Spina—center, race around this in chariot races

·      Circus Maximus in Ben Hur was in the town of Antioch

-strucutre has not been totally excavated

-max seating capacity was 385,000 people

-for chariot races there were 12 starting stalls where the charioteers started their race from

Ben-Hur

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·      1925 Film, 1880 American book

·      Culture: American

·      written by Lew Wallace

o   First governor of the Arizona Territory, while he was hunting Billy the Kid

·      Made into movie and Broadway play

·      Considered to be most influential Christian book in the 19^th century

Castrum

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·      Roman Republic-Roman Empire 4^th c. BC-4^th c.AD

·      Roman military camp

·      Barracks, fortification wall, latrines

·      Located along Hadrian’s wall

-central area--comanders tent, big decisions made here

-two main streets split the Castrum

Prima Porta Augustus

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·      31-BC-14 AD (reign)

·      Culture: Roman

·      Holds a spear

-sculptor was Polykleitos

·      Has a connection to venus in the statue because of the dolphin and the little cupid at the bottom represents innocence

Roman Empire Expansion

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·      2^nd c. BCE

·      Spread from England, Spain, Northern Africa (reached parts of Iraq..)

Forum of Augustus and Temple of Mars Ultor

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·      20-2 BC

·      Culture: Roman

·      Mars Ultor=Avenging Mars

o   Augustus avenging murder of Caesar

·      Built by Augustus

·      Construction began 5 years after the victory over Caesars assassins

Ara Pacis Augustae

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·      13-9 BC, Excavated 19^th century

·      Culture: Roman

·      Panels Depicts important roman people including a Agrippa, Roman general for Augustus

Relief Panels of Ara Pacis Augustae

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Roman Bath Complex

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·      1^st c BC-4^th c. AD

·      Associated with the Roman military camp

·      Latrines which were bathrooms, in latrines different sections of water

·      Palaestra (exercise ground)

·      Frigidarium—for cold water

·      Tempidarium—room temp water

·      caldarium—hot water

Nero

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·      54-69 AD (reign)

·      Culture Roman

·      Last of the Julio-Claudian emperors 

·      Domas Aurea, known for building this

·      Was forced to commit suicide and was kind of crazy..

Vespasian

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·      69-79 AD (reign)

·      Culture: Roman

·      First emperor of Flavian dynasty, exceeded Nero

·      Known for building the Flavian Amphitheater/Colosseum

Colosseum

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·      1^st-5^th c. AD

·      Culture: Roman

·      Used for gladiator events, mock sea battles, and executions

-foundations of structure were concrete

-beneath where floor would have been was elaborate system of passages and chambers where animals and gladiators were kept

-under Augustus law, certain sector of populations reserved each section of theater seating, reinforced class structure

Gladiators

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·      1^st c. BC-4^th c. AD

·      Culture: Roman

·      Trained to fight against other men or wild animals in an arena

·      Sector is a heavy armed gladiator

·      Possible for a gladiator to gain great popularity and wealth, could retire comfortably on the proceeds

-first gladiators were prisoners of war who had been condemned to death and slaves

-later were trained professionals

-took years to train a good gladiator

-very few contests between trained gladiators were to death

Mt. Vesuvius and Pompeii

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·      79 AD erupted

·      Culture: Roman

·      triggered the Romantic age

·      Pompeii was rediscovered in the 16^th century 

Roman House

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·      As early as 8^th c. BC

·      Culture: Roman

·      Included atrium, bedrooms, a tablinum, dining room, garden, and a shop

·      Ex. Of roman atrium houses can be found in Pompeii

-Wealthy and poor had separate houses, poor had rooms above or behind their places of work

·      79 AD (eruption)

·      Culture: Roman

·      16^th and 18^th c. (rediscovered)

Forum of Pompeii

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·      Famous for having a temple at one end that had no roof and people could worship sky gods like Apollo

·      Shops around the edges with pee in them used to clean clothes, ewwwy..

Villa Rotunda

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·      1570 (Villa)

·      1508-1580 (Palladio)

·      Culture: Italian Renaissance

·      Architect: Andrea Palladio

·      Clear proportions, mathematical harmony, central porticoat space flanked with wings

·      Central dome with temple facades

·      White imagery with stucco

·      Interior was baroque style

·      Located near Venice, Italy

Statue of George Washington

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·      1840

·      Style: Neo-Classical

·      Sculptor: Horatio Greenough

·      First famous American sculpture was done by Horatio Greenough

·      People were freaked out by the nakedness and didn’t appreciate the connection to classicism till many years later

Thomas Jefferson

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·      1743-1826

·      3^rd Prez of the US

·      McNolty played Thomas J

·      Wrote Declaration of Independence, one of the first American architects, Monticello, helped create library of congress, multi-lingual…

Monticello

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·      1770’s

·      Architect: Thomas Jefferson

·      Located in northern VA

-neo-classical style

·      Jefferson inherited the land and built it

·      Similar to Pantheon

·      Interior was simple

·      Example of Jeffersonian style

Osterley Park House: Interior

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·      1761

·      Culture: English

·      Architect/Interior Designer: Robert Adam

-Scottish neoclassical architect

-began producing salon interior full of leaves and was considered neo-classical

·      Style: Rocco mixed with Roman Wall Painting

Bauhaus

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·      1919

·      German

·      Architect Walter Gropius

·      Equality in architecture is cell like, all rooms look the same

Johnson Wax Factory: Interior

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·      1937

·      Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright

·      Style was depression modern

·      All desks were blonde and curvilinear

·      Streamlined in style

·      Exterior: machine aesthetic, depression modern step quality

E.U.R.

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·      1930

·      Architect: Marcello Piacentini

·      Influenced by depression modern style

·      Modeled after the Roman forum

·      Celebrates the 2000^th birthday of Augustus

·      Influenced by Pompeii

Adolf Hitler

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·      April 20, 1889-April 30, 1945

·      Culture: Austrian born German leader

·      Rise of fascism in Europe

·      WWII, Holocaust, Nazis, etc..

Zeppelinfeld

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·      1937

·      Located in Munich, German

·      Albert Speer was the architect

·      Chief architect of the 3^rd Reich, or Nazi Regime

·      Shows influences of brutalism and classicism

·      Features the swastika, used by many other cultures before adopted by Hitler

·      Symmetrical in design

Thingplatz

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·      1933-1945

·      German, architect Albert Speer

·      Rallying place for the Hitler youth

·      Propaganda films shown here

·      Looks similar to Greek theater, but has the low flat stage of the Roman theater, Greco-Roman

Leni Riefenstahl

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·      1902-2003

·      German film director

·      Hitler’s primary film director

·      One of most famous films, Triumph of the Will

·      In the opening of the film shows Hitler coming down from clouds from airplane like a god would

·      Made movies about woman accomplishing wonderful things

·      Influenced by Busby Berkeley

Josephin Peladin

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·      French, 1890

·      Symbolist artist

·      Leader of the Rosicrucians

·      These followers were known for taking artificial stimulants, sugar, smoked lots of opium, tried to get to an elevated state

·      Followers of androgynous figures

·      Praised myth and allegory that went back to Romantic and classical times

·      Femme fatale (dangerous woman/creature)

Art of Caresses or The Sphinx

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·      1896

·      Belgian, painter Fernand Khnopff

·      Style: Symbolist

·      Shows influences of classicism

·      Femme Fatale

·      Shows the poet who is supposed to be androgynous

·      Supposed to be inspired by the cat person thingy.. beautiful and monstorous

The Fountain

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·      1917

·      Culture: French/American

·      Macel Duchamp, movie

·      Style was Dada, kind of like an anti-art

·      Dada was popular in the 1910’s and 20’s

·      Worked a lot with ready mades, two things already made and put together so therefore new

·      Ready made example: Mona Lisa with moustache drawn on--the L.H.O.O.Q.

Persistence of Memory

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·      1929

·      Culture: Spanish (Spain)

·      Salvador Dali

·      Surrealist art

·      Inspired by cliffs in the background by Spain

·      Ants crawling represent fear of insects

·      Stylized self portrait is the weird tan looking thing in the middle of picture

·      Surrealist characteristics: Timeless, airless, childlike, deal a lot with the ideas of dreams and Freud

The Echo

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·      1943

·      Culture: Belgian

·      Artist: Paul Delvaux

·      Surrealist and classicism painting

·      Shows timeless and sizeless qualities of surrealist paintings

·      Features the walking woman that was in a lot of Delvaux’s artwork

·      Dario Argento’s films were inspired by the walking woman

Herbert Hoover

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·      31^st prez of US 1929-1933

·      Prez during the stock market crash which led to Great Depression

·      Adopted idea of Laisez faire—let it be policy, let things work out by themselves

·      Middle class homeless families moved into Hoovervilles, living in streets, cars, eating any food they could find

·      Wasn’t a media savvy prez which is why FDR gained popularity

Franklin D. Roosevelt

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·      1933-1945 32nd Prez

·      created the New Deal—economic stimulus program

·      suffered from polio and was confined to a wheelchair

·      known for his fire-side chats, talked to American population through the radio

·      under New Deal bunch of programs founded: NRA, WPA, CCC, CWA, Glass Stegal Act

Leo Baekeland and Bakelite

[image][image]

·      1907 created, perfect in 1920’s

·      used in America but perfected by Belgian scientist

·      used for Radios bracelets, dance floors, all sorts of things

-electrically non conductive and resisted heat

-was a symbol of the capabilities of science to enhance modern life

Art Deco

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·      1925 in Paris

·      Culture: Parisian

·      L’Exposition des Arts Decroatifs--became popular at this art exposition in Paris

·      influenced by Picassos’ cubism and Mayan Art and Egyptian periods with the discovery of King Tuts tomb

-involvued angular and non-traditional forms

·      used chromium, silver, ivory, emeralds

·      Renne Lalique—he was a popular art-deco artist

Preiss Clock

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·      1930’s

·      Art-deco period in Germany

·      Artist: Ferdinand Preiss

·      Shows the cult of the female form and the stepped look

·      Made from fine materials: ivory, chromium, tortoise shell

Raymond Lowey

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-industiral designer from Paris

-1930’s associated with Depression Modern Style

·      style: Depression Modern

·      created the font Broadway

·      updated the Coca-Cola bottle after the look of Mae West

·      depression modern style influenced by ocean liners, trains, automobiles, curvilinear, Rollier-heliotherapy

Eddie Cantor and Roman Scandals

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·      1892-1964, 1933 (film)

·      Christmas of 1933 released

·      Director: Frank Tuttle

·      Both-And style, depression modern and classical

·      Eddie was a symbol of hope during the depression

·      Spoke up against anti-semitism and people that supported Nazis

·      Known for vaudeville routines and gags

·      One of the major acts of the Zigfeld follies

·      First white person to perform with a black actor in a white setting, Burt Williams

-movie views a remote place through a prism of modern American society, views ancient imperial Roma through the depression

Busby Berkely

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·      1895-1976

·      Choreographer of Roman Scandals

·      Many characteristic style of work, overhead shots with geometric design, tiered look, close up of beautiful woman

·      Go into fantasy land and in the end return to story

·      Brought the staged musical to film

·      Was an alcohol and killed people in a car accident and got away with it…