Term
| Approximately how deep can OCT image tissue below the surface |
|
Definition
| Limited to 1-2mm below surface of tissue |
|
|
Term
| Which has finer resolution, confocal microscopy or OCT |
|
Definition
| Confocal microscopy has 1 um resolution, OCT has 2-10um |
|
|
Term
| In reference to OCT images, hotter colors indicate _________ reflectivity ( high or low) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the 2 main OCT Scanning Types |
|
Definition
| Time Domain and Spectral (Fourier) Domain |
|
|
Term
| Proper OCT Billing requires these 5 pieces of information |
|
Definition
Date
Specific procedure performed & quality
Possible diagnosis/DDx
Prognosis/Final Diagnosis
Plan |
|
|
Term
T/F
OCT can be billed on the same day as a fundus photo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the 4 arms (treatment modes) of the AREDS study |
|
Definition
Antioxidants (A,C,E) and zinc
Antioxidants alone
Zinc alone
Placebo |
|
|
Term
| What substance must be taken with zinc to avoid adverse affects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In terms of AREDS results, compare Moderate Vision Loss to Severe |
|
Definition
Moderate=Loss of 15+ letters/3+ lines, double visual angle for BCVA
Severe=Loss of 30+ letters/6+ lines, quadruple visual angle |
|
|
Term
| How were categories 1 & 2 affected by the therapy arms in the AREDS study |
|
Definition
| No significant benefit in VAs was seen for these stages of disease in any of the therapy arms |
|
|
Term
| Results of the 'zinc alone' therapy arm in the AREDS study |
|
Definition
| No benefit seen in any of the categories |
|
|
Term
| Results of the 'antioxidants alone' therapy arm in the AREDS study |
|
Definition
| No benefit seen in any of the categories |
|
|
Term
| Which therapy arm (treatment mode) of the AREDS study was the most effective for those with Category 3 &4 ARMD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did antioxidants + zinc affect moderate vision loss in category 3 &4 compared to placebo? |
|
Definition
| 19% risk reduction over 5 years |
|
|
Term
| How did antioxidants + zinc affect severe vision loss in category 3 &4 compared to placebo? |
|
Definition
| 30% risk reductoin over 5 years |
|
|
Term
| Which is the only therapy arm that had statistically significant reduction in progression compared to placebo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did the AREDS supplements affect the progression of cataracts |
|
Definition
| They did not slow the progression |
|
|
Term
| Which substance is associated with an increase in the risk of lung cancer among smokers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which risk factor studied in AREDS showed a 93% increased risk of chorioretinal geographic atropy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 formulations trialed in AREDS2 |
|
Definition
lutein+ zeaxanthin
-DHA + EPA
-lutein + zeaxanthin + DHA + EPA
-placebo |
|
|
Term
| Which 2 substances were reduced or eliminated in AREDS2 |
|
Definition
Beta Carotene was eliminated
Zinc was reduced |
|
|
Term
| What effect did reduced zinc and eliminated beta carotene have on AMD progression in AREDS2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Main results of the LAST Study |
|
Definition
| Both the lutein and lutein/antioxidant treatments significantly improved some measures of visual function compared to placebo |
|
|
Term
| Which subjects had greater and earlier benefits from laser treatment in the macular photocoagulation study |
|
Definition
| Eyes with smaller lesions and worse VA |
|
|
Term
| According to the Macular Photocoagulation Study, which was more beneficial on those with AMD and CNV, laser treatment or observation |
|
Definition
| Laser treatment was more beneficial |
|
|
Term
| Compare vision loss after 12 months in those who had direct laser treatment to the fovea and those who were only observed, in the MPS |
|
Definition
| They were equal at 12 months, but those who were only observed had worse vision loss after that. |
|
|
Term
| What chemical is used in Visudyne Photodynamic Therapy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Visudyne Photodynamic Therapy is FDA approved for ______ AMD with ____________ _________ lesions |
|
Definition
| "wet AMD with classic CNV lesions" |
|
|
Term
| In Visudyne Photodynamic Therapy trials, compare treatment group and control group after 2 years |
|
Definition
| Treatment group required fewer treatments than placebo groups |
|
|
Term
| In the TAP Visudyne study, which type of lesion had less reduction |
|
Definition
| Occult or 'less classic' lesions had less reduction compared to classic lesions |
|
|
Term
| In the VIP Visudyne study, which conditions resulted in less reduction |
|
Definition
| Results were WORSE if large CNV or good VA (>20/50) |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of action of Macugen |
|
Definition
| Modified RNA strand that binds to VEGFin the retina and blocks its action |
|
|
Term
| Lucentis vs. Avastin-which is used off-label to treat AMD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the CATT trials (comparison of Lucentis & Avastin) which was more effective when administered at the same dosing regimen |
|
Definition
| Neither, they were equivalent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reduces neovascular membranes with wet AMD
CME from CRVO
CSME from DM |
|
|
Term
| How does the dosing for Eylea differ from other anti-VEGF injections |
|
Definition
Eylea=1 injection every month for 3 months, then only every OTHER month
Others-monthly |
|
|
Term
| Which drug may given in addition to Lucentis to give a greater anti-VEGF effect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What field width does the Amslwer grid test when held at the correct distance |
|
Definition
| Total field is 20 degrees |
|
|
Term
| What field width does the Preferential Hyperacuity Perimeter measure |
|
Definition
| 14 degree total with 0.75 degree resolution |
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