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Definition
| _____ are generally the most trustworthy form of evidence. |
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Definition
| Only a small minority of special education programs can be called _____. |
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Definition
| statewide program in North Carolina founded by Eric Schopler an directed by Gary Mesibov which has been very successful. |
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| Project TEACCH Mission Statement |
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Definition
| The University of North Carolina TEACCH Autism Program creates and cultivates the development of exemplary community-based services, training programs, and research to enhance the quality of life for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and for their families across the lifespan |
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Definition
| _____ study has evaluated the effectiveness of Project TEACCH classrooms but the study had a number of serious weaknesses. |
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Definition
| Most classes share with TEACCH the occasional use of a few behavioral procedures, an emphasis on structured schedules, and an orientation toward helping children function in _____ rather than toward enabling them to function more like typically developing children. |
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Definition
| based in Japan and runs a large program in Boston. |
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Term
| Two behavioral features of the Higashi School |
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Definition
- The use of prompts and prompt-fading procedures to teach new skills
- The reduction of behavior problems by ignoring them and practicing appropriate, alternative behaviors. |
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Term
| The Higashi School Mission Statement |
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Definition
| Our Mission is to help children and young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder learn to reach their full potential through the methodology of Daily Life Therapy®. This unique educational philosophy developed by the late Dr. Kiyo Kitahara of Tokyo, Japan incorporates a broad and balanced curriculum, including academics, art, music, physical education, technology, and social education. Students take on challenges, learn to overcome obstacles, and gain confidence from their own success. This approach allows our students to develop a love for learning so they may fully enjoy their family, community, and all that life has to offer. As each student grows and learns, their personality and individual character matures, allowing them to benefit from, and most importantly, contribute to society as adults. |
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Definition
| Children with autism attend regular classes with typically developing children. |
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Term
| natural interest and ability |
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Definition
| Nonbehavioral speech and language therapists have developed many different treatments, most of which are aimed at stimulating children's _____ in learning language |
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| other than behavior analysis |
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Definition
| No scientific studies have evaluated whether any form of speech and language therapy, _____, helps children with autism. |
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Definition
| By itself, speech and language therapy is probably _____ intensive enough to be very effective. |
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Definition
| In this view, children may be overaroused or underaroused by normal levels of sensory input. Consequently, according to theorists, such children have difficulty perceiving and responding to environmental events. Moreover, they try to moderate their arousal levels by engaging in ritualistic behaviors such as rocking their bodies back and forth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Evaluations of Sensory Motor Therapies have often been _____. |
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Term
| Sensory Integration Therapy |
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Definition
| Therapists stimulate children's skin and vestibular system. This stimulation consists of activities such as swinging in a hammock suspended from the ceiling, spinning in circles on specially constructed chairs, brushing parts of children's bodies, and engaging in physical activities that require balance. |
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Definition
| Children who receive Sensory Integration Therapy _____ increased motor development, decreased self-injury, reduced ritualistic behavior, or other benefits. |
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Definition
| Studies on Sensory Integration Therapy are spare, but they have consistently yielded _____ findings. |
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Term
| Auditory Integration Training |
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Definition
| developed by a physician named Guy Berard, which first involves an audiogram to determine the frequencies at which a child's hearing appears to be too sensitive. Next, the child spends 10 hour listening to music played through a device that filers out the frequencies identified by the audiogram while wearing headphones. The 10 hours of treatment are spread out over 2 weeks. |
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Definition
| There is no scientific evidence to support the view that _____ is responsible for other problems displayed by children with autism. |
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Term
| Facilitated Communication |
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Definition
| derives from the hypothesis that children and adults with autism or other developmental disabilities have a motor deficit that prevents them from expressing themselves even though they possess a sophisticated understanding of spoken and written language. Trained therapists hold people's hands, wrists, or arms to help them spell messages on a keyboard or a board with printed letters. |
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Definition
| Advocates of Facilitated Communication believe that many children with Autism have been _____. |
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Definition
| The premise of Facilitated Communication that children with autism have deficits in motor skills that prevent vocal and written expression, despite having considerable knowledge of language is _____. |
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Definition
| Medications currently have _____ use for children with autism. |
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Definition
| Medications may control disruptive behaviors such as _____, but they have little or no effect on other behaviors. |
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Term
| Major Tranquilizers (antipsychotic and neuroleptics) |
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Definition
| The medications, whose effects have been best documented are the _____, especially nonsedating ones such as haloperidol (Haldol). However, they produce severe side effects. |
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| fluxotine, clomipramine & naltrexone |
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Definition
| A number of small studies indicate that _______ (antidepressants & an opiate blocker) may suppress self-injury and excessive activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ used to suppress appetite was popular in the 1980s but studies have indicated that it is not a useful medicine for this population. |
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| Methylphenidate (Ritalin) |
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Definition
| _____ appears to have a predominately negative effect, increasing rituals in children with autism |
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Definition
| Children with autism consume as many nutrients as _____ developing children. |
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Definition
| Most of the special diets that are used with children with autism were developed for children with _____. |
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Definition
| forbids foods that contain preservatives, colorings, or other additives (i.e., almost all prepackaged foods). It also forbids salicylates, which are found naturally in most fruits and in a number of other items such as reduced-calorie sodas |
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Definition
| prescribed a diet that excludes not only additives and salicylates, but also sugar, milk, wheat, eggs, corn, chocolate, and citrus. |
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Definition
| Other authors have hypothesized that some children should curtail their consumption of _____. |
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Term
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Definition
| According to certain investigatiors, children with autism have a genetic or acquired medical disorder (as yet unspecified) that increases their requirement for specific nutrients. |
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Term
| Allegedly missing nutrients in autistic children |
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Definition
- Vitamin B6
- Magnesium
- Combination of B6 and Magnesium |
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Term
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Definition
| When stopping megadoses of vitamins ____ may occur, which may lead to the illusion that they were helping the child, but truly the child is now worse than when they started. |
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Term
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Definition
| high doses of _____ can cause nerve damage, manifested by muscle weakness and numbness (however it is reversible). |
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Definition
| A number of investigators suspect that some children with autism have impaired _____ because many of these children get sick frequently (ear infections). |
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Definition
| In most cases _____ treatments are preferable. |
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Term
| Interventions that show promise |
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Definition
- Prozac
- Anafranil
- naltrexone
- High doses of B6 with magnesium |
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Term
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Definition
| Nonbehavioral special education classes, individual therapies, and biological interventions (except major tranquilizers) _____ established as effective treatments for children with autism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavioral intervention has much more scientific support than any other intervention for children with autism. |
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Definition
| Substantial _____ exist in how children with autism respond to behavioral treatment. |
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Definition
| _____ is of prime importance in identifying other interventions that enhance the effectiveness of behavioral treatment, that serve as an alternative to it, or that replace it altogether. |
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