Term
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Definition
-extrasylvian motor aphasia
-extrasylvian sensory aphasia
-mixed extrasylvian aphasia
-non-cortical dysarthria-aphasia |
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Term
| pre-rolandic / perisylvian |
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Definition
-broca type I
-broca type II |
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Term
| pre-rolandic / extrasylvian |
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Definition
-motor type I
-motor type II |
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Term
| post-rolandic / perisylvian |
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Definition
-conduction
-wernicke type I
-wernicke type II |
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Term
| post-rolandic / extrasylvian |
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Definition
-sensory type I
-sensory type II |
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Term
|
Definition
-extrasylvian motor aphasia
*type I
*type II
-extrasylvian sensory aphasia
*type I
*type II
-mixed extrasylvian aphasia |
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Term
| extrasylvian motor aphasia |
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Definition
-non-fluent language, good comprehension, and good repetition
-prosody, articulation, and grammar are preserved
-long latencies in language, poor expressive language, and occasional verbal paraphrasias
-open questions are slow and incomplete
-patient tends to repeat the words included in the question
-semi-mutism, echolalia, perseveration |
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Term
extrasylvian motor aphasia I
(left frontal lateral syndrome) |
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Definition
-dynamic aphasia
-loss of verbal iniciative
-transcortical motor aphasia |
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Term
extrasylvian motor aphasia I
(basic language characteristics) |
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Definition
*conversational language = sparse, echolalic
*language comprehension =relatively normal
*repetition =good to normal
*pointing =normal
*naming =mildly abnormal
reading aloud defective
reading comprehension good to normal
writing defective |
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Term
extrasylvian motor aphasia I
(associated neurological signs) |
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Definition
-motor system =Hemiparesis may exist
=pathological reflexes
-articulation =normal
-cortical sensory function =normal
-praxis =normal
-visual field =normal
-visual gnosis =normal |
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Term
extrasylvian motor aphasia II
(supplementary motor area aphasia)
basic language characteristics |
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Definition
*conversational language =sparse, effortful
*language comprehension =normal
*repetition =good to normal
*pointing =normal
*naming =mildly abnormal
*reading aloud =defective
*reading comprehension =good to normal
*writing =slow w/ paragraphias |
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Term
extrasylvian motor aphasia II
(supplementary motor area aphasia)
ASSOCIATED NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS |
|
Definition
*motor system =hemiparesis right leg
*articulation =mild defects
*cortical sensory function =right leg sensory loss
*praxis =normal
*visual field =normal
*visual gnosis =normal |
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Term
| exrasylvian sensory aphasia |
|
Definition
-good repetition
-fluent conversational language
-significant amount of verbal paraphasias and neologisms
-empty speech
-patient repeats words and sentences presented by the examiner, regardless they are incorrect and even in a foreign language |
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Term
extrasylvian sensory aphasia
BASIC LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTICS |
|
Definition
-conversational language =fluent, paraphasic, echolalic
-language comprehension =defective
-repetition =good to excellent
-pointing =defective
-naming =defective
-reading aloud =may be preserved
-reading comprehension =defective
-writing =defective |
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|
Term
extrasylvian sensory aphasia
ASSOCIATED NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS |
|
Definition
-motor system =normal
-articulation =normal
-cortical sensory function =often disordered
-praxis =may be defective
-visual field =normal to defective
-visual gnosis =may be defective |
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Term
extrasylvian sensory aphasia I
(left temporal-occipital syndrome) |
|
Definition
-amnesic aphasia
-anomic aphasia
-transcortical sensory aphasia first subtype |
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Term
extrasylcian sensory aphasia I
(left temporal-occipital syndrome) |
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Definition
-fluent spontaneous language, poor comprehension, good repetition
-verbal paraphasias and neologisms
-defective comprehension
-defective naming, but phonological cueing is effective |
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Term
extrasylvian sensory aphasia II
(angular and parietal-occipital syndrome) |
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Definition
-transcortical sensory aphasia second subtype
-partially corresponds to semantic aphasia
-semantic anomia |
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Term
extrasylvian sensory aphasia II
(angular and parietal-occipital syndrome) |
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Definition
-some verbal amnesia
-fluent language, few paraphasias
-comprehension relatively good
-good repetition
-significant word-finding difficulties
-Gerstmann;s Syndrome |
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Term
|
Definition
| the inability to simultaneously recognize the elements included in a sentence |
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Term
|
Definition
LANGUAGE DEFICIENCIES WERE OBSERVED IN;
1-sentences with a complex system of successive subordinate clauses
2-reversible constructions, particularly of the temporal and spatial type
3-constructions with double negative
4-comparative sentences |
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Term
|
Definition
5-passive constructions
6-constructions with transitive verbs
7- constructions with attributive relations.
also stated that these spatial disorders not only incidentally accompany semantic aphasia, but that semantic aphasia itself, was a defect in the perception of simultaneous structures transferred to a higher symbolic level |
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Term
mixed extrasylvian aphasia
BASIC LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTICS |
|
Definition
-conversational language = nonfluent, echolalia
-language comprehension = defective
-repetition = relatively good
-pointing = defective
-naming = deective
-reading aloud = defective
-reading comprehension = defective
-writing = defective |
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Term
| mixed extrasylvian aphasia |
|
Definition
-spontaneous language is absent
-production is virtually limited to repetition
-echolalia
-articulation is good
-automatic language is good
-language understanding severely defective |
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|
Term
mixed extrasylvian aphasia
ASSOCIATED NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS |
|
Definition
-motor system = paresis, pathological reflexes
-articulation = normal
-cortical sensory function = often disordered
-praxis = may be defective
-visual field = normal to defective
-visual gnosis = may be defective |
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Term
| non-cortical dysarthria-aphasia |
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Definition
| with the extended use of CT and MRI imaging appeared a great interest in study language (and other cognitive disturbance) resulting from subcortical pathology |
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Term
| non-cortical dysarthria-aphasia |
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Definition
-subcortical aphasia
-subcortical dementia |
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Term
| non-cortical dysarthria-aphasia |
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Definition
-marie's quadrilateral space
-striato-capsular aphasia
-thalamic aphasia
-white matter disease
-the insula
-cerebellar language disorders |
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Term
| marie's quadrilateral space |
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Definition
-ventricle
-caudate
-putamen
-internal capsule
-thalamus |
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Term
non-cortical dysarthria-aphasia
MARIE'S QUADRILATERAL SPACE |
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Definition
-dysarthria
-hypophonic speech
-aphemia |
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Term
non-cortical dysarthria-aphasia
STRIATO-CAPSULAR APHASIA |
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Definition
| in addition to the evident speech impairment, true language disorders can be observed in patients with striato-capsular damage; however, extension that involves the cortex is usually present. Extensive damage is required to produce a subcortical aphasia. |
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Term
non-cortical dysarthria-aphasia
THALAMIC APHASIA |
|
Definition
-pulvinar (quasi-aphasia)
-mutism initially
-paraphasic hypophonic jargon
-anomia
-preserved repetition
-defective comprehension |
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Term
non-cortical dysarthria-aphasia
WHITE MATTER DISEASE |
|
Definition
-very rare
-nasal voice
-weak phonation
-variability of pitch
-slow rate output |
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Term
non-cortical dysarthria-aphasia
THE INSULA
INSULAR APHASIA |
|
Definition
| the insula represents the crucial structure in the motor planning and organization of speech |
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Term
|
Definition
-subcortical damage
-deep damage |
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Term
|
Definition
Alexander et al=1989
Ardila et al =1989
Kertesz= 1991
Kertesz et al =1979
Levine & Sweet =1983
Mazzochi & Vignolo = 1979
Mohr = 1976
Mohr et al = 1978 |
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Term
|
Definition
Ardilla et al =1989
Damasio & Damasio =1980, 1983
Goldstein =1911
Lichtheim = 1885
Mazzocchi & Vignolo = 1979
Murdoch et al = 1986 |
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Term
| WERNICKE APHASIA (PHONEMIC IMPERCEPTION) |
|
Definition
Ardila et al = 1989
Benson = 1979
Gazzaniga, et al = 1979
Kertesz = 1981,1983
Liepmann & Storck = 1902
Mazzocchi & Vignolo = 1979
Yaqub, et al = 1988 |
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Term
non-cortical dysarthria-aphasia
CEREBELLAR LANGUAGE DISORDERS |
|
Definition
| hypothesized that the cerebellum contributes to cognitive processing, particularly the processing of linguistic information. The cerebellum has anatomical connections to the cerebral cortex, through which it can affect language function. |
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Term
| CEREBELLAR LANGUAGE DISORDERS |
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Definition
| a neural cerebellar-frontal loop can affect cognitive, especially linguistic functions. Cerebellar damage has been associated with impaired grammar and decreased verbal fluency |
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Term
| CEREBELLAR LANGUAGE DISORDERS |
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Definition
| -slowing in cognitive processing, particularly linguistic processing associated with cerebellar pathology |
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Term
| CEREBELLAR LANGUAGE DISORDERS |
|
Definition
| -cerebellar activation is contralateral to the activation of the frontal cortex |
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