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Cathedral of St Etienne de Beauvais
nave looking to choir, rebuilt 1284-1322. Beauvais, France. |
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Citicorp Centre (now Citigroup Centre), 1978, New York city, Hugh Stubbins and William LeMessurier (engineer).
Not strong - could not sustain winds of 70 miles per hour. |
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| Phidias, Athena Parthenos, in the cella of the Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens, Greece, ca.438 BCE. Model of the lost statue. Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto. |
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| Ikknos and Kallikrates, exterior elevation of the Parthenon, 447-432 BCE. Acropolis, Athens, Greece. |
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| Classical Greek Temple Plan |
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| Charles Garnier, Opera House, Exterior, 1861-1875, Paris, France |
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| Charles Garnier, Opera House, Interior vestibule, 1861-1875, Paris, France |
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| Stonehenge, 3000 BCE to 2000 BCE, Wiltshire, England, Dolerite Stone |
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Temple of Hera I(Basilica), Peastum, Italy, ca 550 BCE.
Entasis = swelling of the columns at bottom |
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| Replica of the Parthenon, Nashville Tennessee, construction began 1895, exterior view |
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| Pont du Gard, Nimes, France, ca 16 BCE |
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| Frigidarium, Baths of Diocletan, Rome ca 298-306 (remodelled by Michelangelo as the nave of santa maria degli Angeli, 1563), concrete vault and marble columns are Roman |
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| Reconstruction of baths of Caracalla, Rome, 3rd CE |
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| Typical Etruscan Temple (model) as described by Vitruvius |
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Temple of Portanus, Rome, 220-80 BCE
- deep portico with free standing columns
- single flight of steps
- high podium
- ionic order
- columns in the round
- engaged columns |
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| Apolladorus of Damascus, Markets of Trajan, Rome, Italy, ca 100-112 CE |
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| Etruscan Tomb (La Montagnola), 7th century BCE, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy |
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| Pantheon view into the concrete vault, showing Oculus and Coffering, begun c 118-121 CE. Rome, Italy |
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| Giovanni Paolo Panini, Interior of the Pantheon, Rome, 1734, Washington DC, National Gallery of Art |
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| Pantheon, begun c 118-121 CE. Rome, Italy |
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Colosseum, Rome, Italy, 70-80 CE. Concrete shell faced with tufa (brick) and tavertine.
The orders are superimposed. |
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Amphitheatre, Nimes, Italy, 70 CE
Pilaster. |
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Hadrian's Library, Acropolis, Athens, 132 CE.
Projecting entablature and columns. |
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Temple of Bacchus, Roman Heliopolis, now Baalbek, Lebanon, 150-250 CE.
Giant order. |
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Façade Al Khazneh,The treasury, Jordan, Petra, Jordan, 2nd century BC - 2nd century CE.
The top level shows a broken arcade. |
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Temple of Vespasian, Pompeii, 62 CE
alternating triangular and segmental pediments on a blind arcade |
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| Amiens, Cathedral of Notre Dame, 1220-69, Amiens, France, interior view of the nave looking east to the choir, as well as floor plan |
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| Rib vault and pointed arch (quadripartite rib vault) used in Gothic buildings e.g. Notre Dame, Amiens |
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| Filippo Brunelleschi, Dome of Florence Cathedral(Santa Maria del Fiore, consecrated 1436, Florence Italy |
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| Baldassare Peruzzi, birds eye cut-away drawing of St Peters, c.1530, Ufiizi |
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| Charles Badge, Ditherington Flax Mill, 1796-1797, Shrewsbury, England. First iron framed building in the world. |
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| John Fowler and Benjamin Baker, Forth Bridge, begun 1882, between Edinburgh and Fife, Scotland. First major structure in UK to be constructed of Steel. |
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| Henri Labrouste, Reading room, Bibliotheque saint-Genevieve,1843-1850, Paris, France |
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| Joseph Paxton, The Crystal Palace, built to house the Great Exposition of 1851, Hyde Park, London |
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| Walter Gropius, Bauhaus Building, 1925-6, Dessau, Germany |
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| Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye, 1928-31, poissy, France. |
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| Le Corbusier's Five Points of Architecture |
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1. support by ground level pilotis, which lift building off the earth.
2. Roof which functions as garden/ terrace - replaces land taken over to building.
3. Free floor plan (open plan). No load-bearing walls.
4. long horizontal windows - light and ventilation.
5. Façade is only skin of walls and windows - no load bearing elements. |
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Parthenon, east façade, showing colonnade and entablature (marble).
Entablature. 447-432 BC. |
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| Barrel Vault - semi-cylindrical structure made up of a succession of arches |
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| Groin vault - an intersection of two barrel vaults of equal size which produces a bay of four compartments. |
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| W. B Dinsmoor, Doric Order Proto-Doric entablature restoration, 1950 |
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| Temple of Athena, 530 BC, Floor Mosaics between 4th and 1st BC, Assos Turkey, Archaic Greek - Doric Order, Ionic Frieze. Built on the highest platform of the Acropolis. Built of Andesite stone blocks. Only Temple stylobate is preserved. |
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| Temple of Hera I (foreground), 550-530 BC, and Temple of Hera II (Background), 460 BC, Paestum Italy |
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| Temple of Hera I, collonade/ interior of the peristyle and remains of the cella, looking East, 550-530 BC, Paestum, Italy |
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| Temple of Hera II, Paestum Italy, 460 BC |
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| Temple of Hera II, 460 BC, Paestum, Italy |
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| Temple of Concordia, Agrigento, 430 BC |
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| Parthenon, showing detail of east side (curvature of stylobate/ stereobate), 447-432 BC, Athens, pentellic marble. |
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| Giagomo Barozzi di Vignola, diagram of the Orders, 1570 |
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| Ara Pacis Agustae, consecrated 13 BC, Rome, marble. |
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| Ara Pacis Augustus, Acanthus scroll with a swan, 13-9 BC, originally located on campus Martius in Rome, Italy. |
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| Ionic order from Temple of Athena Polias at Prience, 2nd half of 4thc BC |
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| Erechtheion, Acropolis, Athens, 421-406 BC |
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| Unknown creator after Serlio, Comparative proportions of the Five Classical Orders, 1562, engraving |
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| Temple of Hera II, detail of entablature, 460 BC, Peastum, Italy |
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| Temple of Hera II, interior, Peastum, Italy, 460 BC, Peastum Italy |
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| Parthenon, Athens, detail of entablature, 447-432 BC. |
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| Frederic Edwin Church, The Parthenon, 1871, oil on canvas |
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| The Parthenon, 447-428 BC, The Acropolis, Athens |
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Temple of Hera I, 550 BC, Peastum, Italy
-archaic architecture
-9 columns per facade, 18 columns per side. |
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| The Doric Temple of Segesta, 430-20BC, Segesta, Italy |
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| Askelpeion, 4th-1st century BCE, re-erected 175 CE or after, northern Stoa |
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| Maison Caree, Nimes, France, 1-10 CE |
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| Maison Caree, Facade: entablature and capitals, 1-10 CE, Nimes, France. |
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| Askepeion - northern Stoa, 4th-1st century BC, rebuilt 175 CE or after, Pergamon, Turkey. |
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