Term
Secession Building
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Definition
Olbrich
Vienna, Austria
1898
- For the Vienna succession artists, to be used as an art gallery
- Across from the main plaza, down the street from the established artists' gallery space
- Refuge for art, added the skylights for the paintings, columns and sphere evoke the conventions of the past without being completely conventional (note flat surfaces, lack of intricate facade, more emphasis on functionality)
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Term
Postal Savings Bank
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Definition
Otto Wagner
Vienna, Austria
1904-6
- New building materials integrated with classical geometric styles, emphasize function over form. Roman style busts with sans serif type mixes modernity with historicism.
- Patron was the bank/government/middle class
- Central space fully skylit, walls were made of white glass to write on, social metaphor for honesty and transparency
- Bolts symbolize function of the building because they look like coins. Marble steps and alluminum rails indicate gov't building
- Ringstrasse building
- Low maintence cost was key
- Floorplan evokes cathedral
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Definition
Adolf Loos
Vienna, Austria
1908
- Into fine materials, wanted patrons to decorate themselves, against too much ornamentation, against the secession
- Admired english crafts
- Wanted spatial variation in the form of level changes
- Fitness to purpose should determine form
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Term
Michaelerplatz Building
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Definition
Adolf Loos
Vienna, Austria
1910-11
- Included the facade into the plaza as much as possible
- Form indicates function-- marble for the store, simple for apts
- Design before was the Hapsburg monarchy
- Into stone masonry because of his family, the veins of the marble run vertically which makes them more impressive
- Large windows supposed to evoke the Postal Savings Bank
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Definition
Joseph Hoffman
Brussles, Belgium
1905-11
- Semi-public character for entertainment/gallery
- First room was small and dark, then big living room-- contrast makes the room seem bigger
- Hoffman was a seccessionist, inspired by seccessionist building
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Term
A.E.G. Turbine Factory
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Definition
Peter Behrens
Berlin, Germany
1908-10
- Structure had hinges to accomodate for movement of cranes
- Evokes a cathedral "worship of power"
- Symbol of Germany's industrialization
- Faceted roof resembles a crystal- Beherens' interest
- Steel supports on the outside remenescent of Greek temple
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Term
Fagus Shoe Last Factory
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Definition
Walter Gropius and Adolph Meyer
Alfeld-an-der Leine, Germany
1911
- Response to Turbine Fabrik (Beherens' protege), more open plan, less monumentality, sharper corners, all glass facade
- No visible structural supports
- Glass was supposed to be modern factory look, let a lot of light in to improve morale. Social purpose to elevate worker via aesthetics.
- Also a symbol of Germany's industrialization, American influence
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Term
Centennial [Jahrhundert] Hall
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Definition
Max Berg
Wroclaw, Poland
1910-13
- On a site where 100 years earlier there was a call to liberate from Napoleon-- it's a nationalist piece of architecture
- Monumentality in its similarity to the panetheon, but modern times are represented by reinforced concrete
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Definition
Bruno Taut
Deutscher Werkbund Exhbition, Cologne, Germany
1914
- Glass architecture can remove barriers
- No other purpose than to be beautiful
- Transcendant experience that demonstrates what architecture could be and how it can bring people together
- "Alpine Architecture" rise above the valleys that hold the damage of the war, move on/repudiate the war period
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Term
Grosse Schauspielhaus
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Definition
Hans Poelzig
North Berlin, Germany
1918-19
- Obscurity offers escape from relaity
- Decor evokes nature, a cave
- Collective emotion, stage protrudes into the audience
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Term
[Second] Goetheanum
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Definition
Rudolf Steiner
Dornach, Switzerland
1924-28
- On a site where the swiss won a battle against Germany
- Plants have continuity of form, architecture could too
- Wall is a living, plastic form
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Term
Amsterdam Stock Exchange
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Definition
Hendrik Petrus Berlage
Amsterdam, Netherlands
1897-1903
- Sought architecture of the present, but wanted continuity w past– Time alters fashions, but geometry sticks
- Systematic control over proportion/ratios of dimensions
- Less focus on facades, more focus on space/wall placement
- Materials: granite is tough like working class;
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Definition
Michel de Klerk
Amsterdam, Netherlands
1913
- Communist housing: worker buildings should have aesthetic appeal and symbolics
- Added curves, active skylines to empower the worker
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Term
Truus Shröder House
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Definition
Gerrit Rietveld
Utrecht, Holland
1924-25
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Definition
Johannes Duiker
Amsterdam, Holland
1928-30
- Duiker thought architecture should balance aesthetic and utility
- Modern buildings should be shaped by the new materials available and should focus on social space
- Destroy the particularities of form, start with open steel frame
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Term
Van Nelle Factory
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Definition
Johannes Brinkman
Rotterdam, Holland
1926-30 |
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Konstantin Melnikov
Paris, France
1925
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Narkomfin Apartments
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Definition
Mosei Ginzburg
Moscow, Russia
1928-30
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Term
Rusakov [Tram] Workers' Club
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Definition
Konstantin Melnikov
Moscow, Russia
1927-28
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Definition
Gropius & Adolph Meyer
Dessau, Germany
1925-26
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Definition
Erich Mendelsohn
Postdam, Germany
1917-21 |
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Term
Schocken Department Store
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Definition
Erich Mendelsohn
Chemnitz, Germany
1928-29 |
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