Term
1245-1740 cc
1520 cc avg.
Supraorbital torus forms double arch
Occipital bun
Retromolar gap
Taurodontism in cheek teeth
Small mastoid process
Long face
Mid-facial prognathism
receding zygomatic arches
Large nasal aperture and cavity
Large rounded orbits
Inflated maxillary bone
Mental eminence absent
Extremely thick ribs
Broad thick chest
Broad deep trunk
Distal pollex as long as proximal
Well-developed, rounded apical tufts
Overall powerful hands |
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Definition
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Term
400 - 500k
no mental eminence
broad ramus
taurodontism
no incisor wear
large incisors
small P4 to M3
no retro-molar gap
Broad nose
Canine fossa sometimes present
low crania
receding frontal bone
reduced prognathism
occipital torus
increase in occipital bone |
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Definition
| European H. heidelbergensis |
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Term
Bodo d’Ar, Ethiopia
600 k
1300 cc
broad face
thick supraorbital torus
sagittal keel
Increase in cc
Rise in cranial vault (still thick bones)
Brow-size, prognathism, teeth reduced
Arched brow ridges
Lack mental eminence (incipient)
Flat cranial flexion (variable)
Modern height and weight
Thick cortex in long-bones
Muscular
Less curved than Neanderthals |
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Definition
| African H. heidelbergensis |
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Term
300,000 to 40,000 years ago
Fewer large tools
More small blades
Levaloisian Method
Shaped core
Striking platform |
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Definition
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