Which phylum has these characteristics?

 1. Thermophilic

2. Sulfur and acid-loving

3. G(-)

4. Ex. Sulfolobus

Which phylum has these characteristics?

 1. Thermophilic

2. Methane and salt-loving

3. G(+)

4. Ex. Halobacterium

These are characteristic of which class of proteobacteria?

1. Grow at low leverls of nutrients

2. Some have unusual morphologies that include stalks or buds

3. Some are nitrogen-fixers

4. Many grow in aquatic environments

These are characteristic of which class of proteobacteria?

1. Some overlap with the alpha-proteobacteria

2. Some are nitrogen-fixers

These are characteristic of which class of proteobacteria?

1. Largest and most diverse class of proteobacteria

2. One of the largest prokaryotic organisms, Thiomargarita, is found in this class.

These are characteristic of which class of proteobacteria?

1. Contains many organisms that are important to the sulfur cycle

2. Contains many bacterial predators

These are characteristic of which class of proteobacteria?

1. Smallest class of proteobacteria

2. Members helical or vibriod

3. Both groups are motile and microaerophilic

-Thought to be the most abundant organism on the planet

-Found in the ocean

-Discovered by FISH from Sargasso Sea

-Alpha-proteobacteria

-Lives in soil.

-Nitrogen fixer.

-Associated with roots of tropical grasses.

-Do not invade tissues of plants.

-Alpha-proteobacteria

-Producers of acetic acid

-Alpha-proteobacteria

-Formerly grouped with Chlamydia and Coxiella

-Alpha-proteobacteria

-all are obligate intracellular parasites

-Tick, flea, or louse born

-Responsible for RMSF

-G(-)

-Rod or coccobacilli shaped

-Symbionts of insects and other invertebrates

-Alpha-proteobacteria

-Can influence or determine sex of infected organisms

-Could be most infectious group on the planet

-Nitrogen fixer

-found in root nodules of legumes

-improves growth of plants

-Alpha-proteobacteria

-Causes 'cancer' in plants

-Alpha-proteobacteria

-Important bacteria in N cycle

-One is alpha, one is Beta

-Causes 'cat scratch fever'

-Alpha-proteobacteria

-Coccobacillus

-parasites of mammals

-Causes Brucellosis, or 'Bangs'

-Potential bio-terrorism agent

-Alpha-proteobacteria

-Causes abortions in farm animals

-transmitted to humans in milk from infected animals

-causes lethargy in humans ('college student syndrome')

-Important in sulfur and iron cycles

-Beta-proteobacteria

-Important in sewage treatment but can cause bulking

-Beta-proteobacteria

-Important in the aerobic part of sewage treatment

-Beta-proteobacteria

-spiral organisms, but not grouped with spirochaetes because they have true flagella instead of axial filaments

-can contain disease-causing organisms

-Beta-proteobacteria

-formerly classified in the genus Pseudomonas

-G(-) rod

-the Cepacia species is an important pathogen as it disintegrates pectin and causes 'soft rot'

-causes nosocomial infections

-Beta-proteobacteria

-One causes a fruity smell and green pus

-both cause problems with lung infections and reside on plants, which is why it is a bad idea to send hospital patients potted plants

-G(-) rod

-causes whooping cough

-can be prevented with the DTP immunization

-Beta-proteobacteria

-inhabit mucous membranes of mammals

-two species, Gonorrhoeae and meningitides

-aerobic G(-) diplococcus

-Beta-proteobacteria

-also called The Drip, Clap, etc.

-most are drug-resistant

-can cause sterility, PID, and generalized fatal disease in women before symptoms show up

-Gamma-proteobacteria

-one of the largest gammas

-is a nitrogen-fixer

-useful for cleaning up oil spills

-Aeruginosa causes nosocomial infections

-ubiquitous in soil, water, air

-reason why not to send plants to people in hospital

-species of Pseudomonas

-responsible for keeping the ski industry afloat due to water freezing properties

-

-two species of Pseudomonas

-nitrogen-fixers

-causes pink eye

-gamma-proteobacteria

-G(-) coccobacillus

-possibly a plant pathogen

-has antibiotic resistance

-new major concern in nosocomial infections

-gamma-proteobacteria

-causes tularemia or "rabbit fever"

-usually diagnosed serologically

-potential bioterrorism agent

-gamma-proteobacteria

-cause of Legionnaires disease

-not ID'd in 1976

-found in watery environments

-gamma-proteobacteria

-cause of Q fever

-potential bio-terrorism agent

-not spread by insect vector

-gamma-proteobacteria

-causes cholera

-introduced into environments by bilge waters of boats, contaminating harbors and shellfish beds

-gamma-proteobacteria

-species of Vibrio

-causes mild diarrhea from eating contaminated or improperly prepared shellfish

-gamma

-get from bad shellfish

-high rate of morbidity

-painful, blister-type lesions

-naturally-occurring organism

-gamma

-G(-) rod

-called "enterics" since most are found in the intestinal tract

-just group of genuses

-many different strains

-normal gut inhabitant

-ex. O157:H7

-gamma

-most all are pathogens for animals

-most often associated with farm animal products

-chief cause of food poisoning

-not found in healthy gut

-gamma

-causes bacillary dysentery shigellosis

-found only in humans

-major cause of travellers' diarrhea

-spread by contaminated water after natural disasters

-not found in healthy gut

-gamma

-can have in nose and throat without causing disease

-causes problems in young children and alcoholics

-can cause pneumonia and otitis media

-poor toilet habits get M.O. on hands, hands to mouth, inhale from hands

-gamma

-used in mock biological warfare exercises

-produces red pigment

-Gamma

-G(-), stains pink

-very motile

-can cause problem in wounds where injuries aren't life-threatening

-found in gut

-G(-) rod

-formerly named Pasteurella but was renamed

-causes Black Plague, two forms, bubonic (flea bite) and pneumonic (inhalation)

-causes death in 4-7 days (bubonic) or 2-3 (pneumonic) if not treated

-found in the environment and gut

-only a problem outside the gut

-can cause nosocomial infections

-both Enterobacter species

-important plant pathogen

-causes soft rot

-caused the potato famine

-gamma

-humans can get from dog and cat bites

-common animal pathogen

-Pasteurella species

-gamma

-can cause pneumonia and inner ear infections

-most important disease is meningitis in children

--Hib immunization available

-req'd childhood immunization

-gamma

-G(-), attacks other G(-) organisms

-uses long flagellum to "spear" potential host cells, then drops of flagellum, consumes cell contents, develops more cells which are released

-Delta-proteobacteria

-thought could use to treat Salmonella and Escherichia, but can't

-has food-poisoning type symptoms

-carried by chickens

-problem with kids in daycare

-Epsilon-proteobacteria

-Epsilon-proteobacteria

-causes spontaneous abortion in animals

-causes peptic ulcers in humans

-also linked to stomach cancer

-Marshal drank culture, got ulcers, then recovered

-thought carried by chickens, but not documented

-Epsilon-proteobacteria

-floating organisms in fresh or saltwater

-resemble archaea and eukaryotic cells

ex. Gemmata

-phylum once considered part of Rickettsia

-STD

-person-to-person contact required

-unusual life cycle

Elementary - infective form

-Reticulate - inside the cell which replicates the organism

-Intermediate - transition between elementay and reticulate

-primarily infects birds

-reason birds are quarantined when being imported

-causes psittacosis

-non-proteobacteria

-recently discovered cause of a pneumonia

-associated with heart disease

-non-proteobacteria

-motile by axial filaments instead of true flagella

-many harmless aquatic forms, but also several plant pathogens

-primary, secondary, and tertiary stages

-group

-causes relapsing fever in outdoors-people

-causes waves of fever

-number of cycles indicates whether from tick or louse

-non-proteobacteria

-causes Lyme disease

-Species of Borrelia

-characteristic 'bulls eye lesion'

-tick bite

-non-proteobacteria

-major problem in Viet Nam soldiers

-rats are carriers, but can also get from dogs

-non-proteobacteria

-strictly anaerobic

-important gut inhabitant

-can cause severe problems if gut is opened

-results in peritonitis

-non-proteobacteria

-in dental abcesses

-rods with pointed ends

-obligate anaerobes

-non-proteobacteria

-Phylum Firmicutes

-give "fried egg" colony on culture media

-lack cell walls

-treat with tetracyclines

-G(+)

-obligate anaerobic spore-forming rods

-spore-forming

-three most common organisms:

tetani, botulinum, perfringens (gangrene)

-G(+)

-Phylum Firmicutes

-disease caused by powerful neurotoxins

-result of dirty wound, most often inoculated by rusty nail

-G(+)

-Phylum Firmicutes

-food poisoning caused by improperly processed food

-shown some cases of SIDS

-strains designated by a, b, c, d, etc.

-G(+)

-Phylum Firmicutes

-one group of Clostridia causes gas gangrene

-not associated with neurotoxins

-may destroy circulatory capabilities at wound site

-G(+)

-Phylum Firmicutes

-nosocomial

-G(+)

-Clostridium species

-Nicknamed "C-diff"

-Phylum Firmicutes

-obligate anaerobe

-Stains G(-), but genetically is G(+)

-does not cause any disease

-diplococcus

-only in women

-Phylum Firmicutes

-causes "Chinese food poisoning"

-endospores in rice, consumed, cause either vomiting or diarrhea

-causes high amounts of gas

-G(+)

-Phylum Firmicutes

-causes encephalitis/meningitis in young children

-major problem in pregnant women

-G(+)

-Phylum Firmicutes

-(G)+, in clumps or clusters

-large group of opportunistic pathogens

-produce coagulase, which causes plasma to clot

-causes lesions

-normal inhabitant of gut and mouth, but causes disease when it leaves those places

-Phylum Firmicutes

-associated with food but does not cause disease

-member of vaginal flora, eating yogurt with active cultures can help mantain them

-G(+)

-can initiate growth at low pH

-Phylum Firmicutes

-once classified as Streptococcus, now separate genera

-natural inhabitant of gut, can cause problem if it escapes

-nosocomial infection

-G(+)

-Phylum Firmicutes

-G(+) in chains, causes wide variety of diseases, mostly with capsules

-always catalase negative

-classify using blood agar reactions

-Pyrogenes species responsible for 90% of diseases caused by this group

-phylum Firmicutes

-Phylum Actinobacteria

-G(+), acid-fast positive, pleomorphic rod

-aerobic

-can survive several years in dust

-recognized as killing more people than any other infectious agent

-G(+)

-causes leprosy

-infects only man and the nine-banded armadillo

-least infectious of all infectious disease organisms

-two forms, one of skin and one of nervous system

-flesh-devouring bacterium

-destroys the fat layer under the skin causing the overlaying skin to die

-first described in 1948 in Uganda

-new problem in immigrants

-G(+)

-causes diphtheria

-G(+) pleomorphic rods

-causes throat lesions

-can be prevented using the DTP

-associated with common acne

-eats oil and grows anaerobically

-G(+)

-highly variable organism

-some G(-), some G(+)

-sometimes referred to "Honeymoon-itis"

-cause of one of the most common forms of vaginitis

-filamentous forms of this organism are similar in appearance to fungi

-true prokaryotes

-only a few genera produce disease organisms

-many harvested to be industrially to produce aromas

-G(+)

-major antibiotic genus

-responsible for smells of rain, beach, and earth

-over 500 species have been described

-obligate anaerobe causes infections of the face

-difficult to treat

-can cause lung infections

-aerobic, causes lesions in jaw after tooth extraction

-can move from jaw to brain causing abscesses that are almost impossible to treat

Asexually by fragmentation, budding, and spore formation.

Sexually by the union of two parental nuclei.