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Arch351 key terms mid term
key terms mid term
37
Architecture
Undergraduate 3
01/29/2010

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Term
Charlemagne the Great
Definition
742-814, Brought order to Europe during the Dark Ages, he tried to revive the Roman empire but after he died, all his progress reversed,
Term
Carolingian
Definition
time/ empire of Charlemagne (Charles the Great), architecture based on Byzantine, Early Christian and Roman (hence Romanesque)
Term
Benedictine
Definition
Spiritual and consecrated life according to St. Benedict., esp for monasteries.
Term
Palatine
Definition
palace
Term
square schematism
Definition
a way in Romanesque arch used to determine different lengths of parts of the church, created regularity
Term
church
Definition
a place of worship for Christians
Term
monastery
Definition
building or series of buildings reserved for prayer as well as house monastic to work and live
Term
aisle
Definition
an area to the side of the nave for walking, usually separated by a row of columns
Term
altar
Definition
area for offering for religious purposes or other ceremonies
Term
apse
Definition
semi circular ending of a church usually with a domed/ vaulting ceiling, on the liturgical end of the church
Term
cloister
Definition
covered walk with an open colonnade on one side, usually signifying it was once part of a monastic complex
Term
narthex
Definition
entrance or lobby area at the nave's end, on the far end away from the main altar, not usually considered part of the church proper
Term
nave
Definition
central approach to high altar, main body of the church
Term
transept
Definition
the area perpendicular to the main body of the church in a cruciform church, area that separated nave from altar
Term
westwork
Definition
monunmental west facing entrance to a Carolingian or Romanesque church
Term
Caliph/ Caliphate
Definition
caliph-head of a caliphate, leader of Islamic community
Caliphate-first system of governing of Islam
Term
Muhammad
Definition
570-631, founder of Islam, thought to be messenger and prophet of God (Allah)
Term
Imam
Definition
leader of mosque or community in Islam, leader of prayer
Term
Koran
Definition
central religious text of Islam, as told to the prophet Muhammad
Term
Mecca
Definition
the holy meeting cite of Muslims, where Muhammad was born.
Term
Muslim
Definition
a person who is adherent to the practices of Islam
Term
Mosque
Definition
place of worship for followers of Islam
Term
hypostyle
Definition
a hall with a flat ceiling supported by columns,
Term
mihrab
Definition
an area similar to an apse, like a niche to show where to pray (in what direction) and to help amplify speakers voice
Term
minaret
Definition
tower used to call people for prayer
Term
minbar
Definition
a pulpit in the mosque where the Imam stands to deliver the sermons
Term
qiblah
Definition
the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays, mosque usually have a niche that marks this direction
Term
Pilgrimage road
Definition
a series of roads that led people to Santiago de Campo, cities sprouted up all along to help people along this religious journey
Term
ambulatory
Definition
a covered place for walking usually behind the high altar, places for prayer for people who are not members of a church, esp popular along Pilgrimage rd.
Term
clerestory
Definition
upper level of the nave of a Romanesque/ Gothic cathedral where the roofs rise up and have windows, allowing light in
Term
facade
Definition
one side of the exterior of a building, usually the front but not always, often the most important from a design standpoint
Term
gallery
Definition
the area between the arcade and the clerestory in a Romanesque cathedral wall, usually a blind arcade but sometimes has windows
Term
pier
Definition
upright support for arches, built of masonry, usually rectangular with horizontal moulding and connecting to the vaulting
Term
pilaster
Definition
a slightly projected column built in or applied to a wall
Term
tympanum
Definition
the semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance, often with sculpture or ornamentation
Term
barrel vault
Definition
the extrusion/ extension of a curved along a distance, forming a vault
Term
groin vault
Definition
a vault of 2 barrel vaults meeting at 90 degrees
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