Which of the following describes the arrangement of columns in the Temple of Athena Polias by Pytheos (on the left)?

A. Peripteral

B. Dipteral

C. Pseudodipteral

D. Hypothetical 

A. Peripteral

B. Dipteral

C. Pseudodipteral

D. Hypothetical

Which of the following describes the arrangement of columns in the Artemision by Hermogenes (on the right)?

A. Peripteral

B. Dipteral

C. Pseudodipteral

D. Hypothetical

A. Peripteral

B. Dipteral

C. Pseudodipteral

D. Hypothetical

A. In tension

B. In antis

C. Anti-opisthodomal

D. Anti-pronaol 

Which of the following most accurately describes what korai, kouroi, and bronze tripod cauldrons have in common?

A. As vessels, they are all made of bronze

B. As votives, they all mark or signify space as sacred

C. As early types of objects, they were all found in the Bronze Age

D. As domestic items, they all symbolize the power of women

A. As vessels, they are all made of bronze

B. As votives, they all mark or signify space as sacred

C. As early types of objects, they were all found in the Bronze Age

D. As domestic items, they all symbolize the power of women

Which of the following is not included in Vitruvius’ discussion of the ideai?

A. Orthography (elevation drawing)

B. Linear perspective

C. Ichnography

D. Axonometric drawings 

A. Orthography (elevation drawing)

B. Linear perspective

C. Ichnography

D. Axonometric drawings 

Which of the following best describes the meaning of ichnography?

A. Writing about architecture

B. The art of ground plans

C. Writing about masonry

D. The art of building

E. The study of fish

A. Writing about architecture

B. The art of ground plans

C. Writing about masonry

D. The art of building

E. The study of fish

Which of the following ancient Greek terms describes “order” or “ordering” in the design process?

A. Taxis

B. Diathesis

C. Symmetria

D. Eurythmia

A. Taxis

B. Diathesis

C. Symmetria

D. Eurythmia

Which of the following ancient Greek terms describes “placement” or “positioning” in the design process?

A. Taxis

B. Diathesis

C. Symmetria

D. Eurythmia

A. Taxis

B. Diathesis

C. Symmetria

D. Eurythmia

Which of the following does the ancient Greek term symmetria refer to?

A. Symmetry

B. Order or ordering

C. Placement or positioning

D. Modular commensuration

E. “Good shape” or “good form”

A. Symmetry

B. Order or ordering

C. Placement or positioning

D. Modular commensuration

E. “Good shape” or “good form”

Which of the following does not characterize the geometric underpinning of Temple A at Kos?

A. A Pythagorean triangle

B. Integral (or whole number) proportions

C. Circles

D. Squares

A. A Pythagorean triangle

B. Integral (or whole number) proportions

C. Circles

D. Squares

Which of the following adjectives best describes traditional Egyptian pictorial

representation?

a. Aspective

b. Condensed

c. Alliterated

d. Conjoined

a. Aspective

b. Condensed

c. Alliterated

d. Conjoined

Which of the following was the context in which visual mimesis first developed in

Greek art?

a. Marble kouroi as freestanding votives in sanctuaries

b. Marble sculptures in pediments and metopes in temple buildings

c. Red figure vase paintings on drinking wares in the symposion

d. Black figure vase paintings on grave marker vessels in the cemetery

a. Marble kouroi as freestanding votives in sanctuaries

b. Marble sculptures in pediments and metopes in temple buildings

c. Red figure vase paintings on drinking wares in the symposion

d. Black figure vase paintings on grave marker vessels in the cemetery

Which of the following best describes the purpose of visual mimesis in its earliest manifestation in the Archaic period?

a. Sexual promiscuity in houses of prostitution

b. Impressive displays of sculpture to enhance the visual experience of temple buildings

c. Improvement upon the traditions of abstraction dating back to the Geometric period

d. Social bonding among men of the elite class

a. Sexual promiscuity in houses of prostitution

b. Impressive displays of sculpture to enhance the visual experience of temple buildings

c. Improvement upon the traditions of abstraction dating back to the Geometric period

d. Social bonding among men of the elite class

Which of the following describes how, according to Plato, vision works?

a. Light reflected off objects and reaching the eye in waves of diminished strength

b. commensurate with the eye’s distance from the objects observed

c. Light as rays radiating from the eye to coalesce with light in the world, forming a body and returning to the eye

d. The giving off of miniature corpuscles in the shape of the object that penetrate into the eye

e. The mind’s spontaneous generation of the Idea of the object confronted in the phenomenal realm

a. Light reflected off objects and reaching the eye in waves of diminished strength

b. commensurate with the eye’s distance from the objects observed

c. Light as rays radiating from the eye to coalesce with light in the world, forming a body and returning to the eye

d. The giving off of miniature corpuscles in the shape of the object that penetrate into the eye

e. The mind’s spontaneous generation of the Idea of the object confronted in the phenomenal realm

Which of the following best describes the Ideas (ideai) as employed by Plato?

a. Intelligible, transcendent universals that are the models imitated in all things observable in the phenomenal realm

b. The forms of objects without color and texture, reduced to their geometric underpinnings

c. The abstracted concepts underlying general principles induced by poets and dramatists

d. The everyday and mythological subjects, as opposed to the forms, of paintings

a. Intelligible, transcendent universals that are the models imitated in all things observable in the phenomenal realm

b. The forms of objects without color and texture, reduced to their geometric underpinnings

c. The abstracted concepts underlying general principles induced by poets and dramatists

d. The everyday and mythological subjects, as opposed to the forms, of paintings

According to Plato, which of the following does the sun itself imitate (i.e., what is its source)?

a. The Eye

b. The Idea of the Good

c. The Idea of Atlantis

d. Beauty 

a. The Eye

b. The Idea of the Good

c. The Idea of Atlantis

d. Beauty 

As discussed in your reading by A. Wilson Nightingale, which of the following best describes theoria as employed by Plato?

a. An inward journey of the soul to witness and describe reality, as allegorized in the Allegory of the Cave.

a. An inward journey of the soul to witness and describe reality, as allegorized in the Allegory of the Cave.

(This is the one and only correct answer, please select it and learn it. You’ll be tested on this concept again.)

As discussed in your reading by A. Wilson Nightingale, which of the following best describes what a theoros is in traditional Greek culture?

a. A spectator who used instruments to reflect the qualities of objects as features distinct from the objects themselves

b. The initial step in the process of reasoning

c. The final step in the process of reasoning

d. A pilgrim as an official representative of his polis or simply a private citizen who traveled abroad to see unfamiliar things

a. A spectator who used instruments to reflect the qualities of objects as features distinct from the objects themselves

b. The initial step in the process of reasoning

c. The final step in the process of reasoning

d. A pilgrim as an official representative of his polis or simply a private citizen who traveled abroad to see unfamiliar things

Which of the following best describes Plato’s view of pictorial mimesis according to the new interpretation offered in your reading by S. Halliwell?

a. A mode of representation that is inherently bad because of its creation of objects that are two steps removed from truth

b. A mode of representation that is superior to abstraction because of its potential for verisimilitude

c. A mode of representation of potential instrumental value, but not intrinsic value

a. A mode of representation that is inherently bad because of its creation of objects that are two steps removed from truth

b. A mode of representation that is superior to abstraction because of its potential for verisimilitude

c. A mode of representation of potential instrumental value, but not intrinsic value

According to the argument of S. Halliwell, which of the following best characterizes the purpose of Plato’s Mirror Analogy in the Republic?

a. To outright condemn pictorial mimesis as capable of doing nothing more than a mirror can do

b. To challenge painters of mimetic works to do more than just seek to imitate the appearance of things in the world

c. To celebrate the mirror itself as kind of artist in its own right 

a. To outright condemn pictorial mimesis as capable of doing nothing more than a mirror can do

b. To challenge painters of mimetic works to do more than just seek to imitate the appearance of things in the world

c. To celebrate the mirror itself as kind of artist in its own right 

Which of the following correctly describes the Artemision at Corfu (or Kerkyra) of ca. 590 BC, the earliest all-stone Greek temple?

A. Dipteral and hexastyle, both of which are quite common for temples of the Doric order

B. Pseudo-dipteral and octastyle, both of which are atypical for temples of the Doric order

C. Pseudo-dipteral and octastyle, both of which are quite common for temples of the Doric order

D. Dipteral and hexastyle, both of which are atypical for temples of the Doric order

A. Dipteral and hexastyle, both of which are quite common for temples of the Doric order

B. Pseudo-dipteral and octastyle, both of which are atypical for temples of the Doric order

C. Pseudo-dipteral and octastyle, both of which are quite common for temples of the Doric order

D. Dipteral and hexastyle, both of which are atypical for temples of the Doric order

2. Which of the following most correctly describes the Artemision at Corfu (or Kerkyra) of ca. 590 BC, the earliest all-stone Greek temple?

A. A temple of the Doric order representing a rigorous expression of classical proportion created by a design process based on scale drawing

B. A temple of the Doric order best appreciated as a sculptural expression

C. A temple of the Ionic order featuring the refinements of entasis and platform curvature

D. A temple of the Ionic order designed by Hermogenes

A. A temple of the Doric order representing a rigorous expression of classical proportion created by a design process based on scale drawing

B. A temple of the Doric order best appreciated as a sculptural expression

C. A temple of the Ionic order featuring the refinements of entasis and platform curvature

D. A temple of the Ionic order designed by Hermogenes

According to the theory presented in your reading by Mark Wilson Jones, which of the following best describes the origins of the Doric triglyph?

A. Sacrificial thigh bones

B. Mycenaean shields

C. Mycenaean altars

D. Bronze tripod cauldrons

A. Sacrificial thigh bones

B. Mycenaean shields

C. Mycenaean altars

D. Bronze tripod cauldrons

4. According to your reading by Mark Wilson Jones, which of the following plausibly describes the earliest triglyphs in the Doric order?

A. Covers for air shafts in Egyptian funerary architecture, from which the ka can travel into the world of the living.

B. The thigh bones of sacrificed animals displayed vertically across the frieze

C. Decorative panels covering the end beams in timber construction, later converted to stone as scholars speak of in the “Doctrine of Petrification.”

D. None of the above. Mark Wilson Jones does not recognize any of the above as valid theories concerning the earliest triglyphs in the Doric order. 

A. Covers for air shafts in Egyptian funerary architecture, from which the ka can travel into the world of the living.

B. The thigh bones of sacrificed animals displayed vertically across the frieze

C. Decorative panels covering the end beams in timber construction, later converted to stone as scholars speak of in the “Doctrine of Petrification.”

D. None of the above. Mark Wilson Jones does not recognize any of the above as valid theories concerning the earliest triglyphs in the Doric order. 

Which of the following is a likely source for Doric capitals, axially symmetrical design, and pronaos with columns in antis?

A. Houses of the Geometric period

B. Phoenician temples

C. The Bronze Age megaron

D. Egyptian temples

A. Houses of the Geometric period

B. Phoenician temples

C. The Bronze Age megaron

D. Egyptian temples

Which of the following most accurately describes the justification for the theory of ancient Egyptian influence on the origins of the Doric order?

A. In the Orientalizing period, a local prince invited Greek mercenaries to support his war, followed by the establishment of a permanent trading colony in Egypt that would have provided the opportunity for Greeks to observe the details of masonry found at Queen Hatshepsut’s mortuary temple at Deir-el-Bahri, for example.

B. In the Bronze Age, a pharaoh’s architect of the New Kingdom visited the ruler of Mycenae, bringing with him his masons who helped to build the so-called ‘Treasury of Atreus’ that provided Greek masons the opportunity to learn techniques of construction and details of design that were identifiably ‘proto-Doric.’

C. We know that Greek architects of the Archaic period were trained in Egypt.

D. Following the Persian conquest of Egypt, we know that Egyptian architects sought work in Greece.  

A. In the Orientalizing period, a local prince invited Greek mercenaries to support his war, followed by the establishment of a permanent trading colony in Egypt that would have provided the opportunity for Greeks to observe the details of masonry found at Queen Hatshepsut’s mortuary temple at Deir-el-Bahri, for example.

B. In the Bronze Age, a pharaoh’s architect of the New Kingdom visited the ruler of Mycenae, bringing with him his masons who helped to build the so-called ‘Treasury of Atreus’ that provided Greek masons the opportunity to learn techniques of construction and details of design that were identifiably ‘proto-Doric.’

C. We know that Greek architects of the Archaic period were trained in Egypt.

D. Following the Persian conquest of Egypt, we know that Egyptian architects sought work in Greece.  

Which of the following best characterizes the surviving pediments of the Archaic period commonly connected the “Bluebeard temple” and the “Old Temple of Athena”?

A. Pediments belonging to two separate temples, one on the Akropolis dedicated to Athena and one in the Agora dedicated to Hephaistos, both of which were destroyed by the Persians in 480.

B. Pediments belonging to two separate temples on the Akropolis, both of which were replaced by the Temple of Athena Polias following their destruction by the Persians in 480.

C. Pediments belonging to two separate phases of the Temple of Athena Polias, whose second phase was destroyed by the Persians in 480.

D. The only two pediments known to have been made in painted bronze.

A. Pediments belonging to two separate temples, one on the Akropolis dedicated to Athena and one in the Agora dedicated to Hephaistos, both of which were destroyed by the Persians in 480.

B. Pediments belonging to two separate temples on the Akropolis, both of which were replaced by the Temple of Athena Polias following their destruction by the Persians in 480.

C. Pediments belonging to two separate phases of the Temple of Athena Polias, whose second phase was destroyed by the Persians in 480.

D. The only two pediments known to have been made in painted bronze.

Which of the following best describes the Delian League?

A. A league of Greek architects with its headquarters on the island of Delos formed with the stated aim of providing fair pay for architects in masons throughout the Greek world, and which ended up establishing rules for architectural training that came to change architectural design.

B. A league of Greek poleis formed with the stated aim of protecting Greeks from future attacks of the Persians and getting payback for the Persian war, and which ended up funding Athenian architectural commissions.

C. A league of Greek poleis that supported Sparta over Athens during the Peloponnesian War.

D. A league of Greek architects that sought to obtain commissions abroad.

A. A league of Greek architects with its headquarters on the island of Delos formed with the stated aim of providing fair pay for architects in masons throughout the Greek world, and which ended up establishing rules for architectural training that came to change architectural design.

B. A league of Greek poleis formed with the stated aim of protecting Greeks from future attacks of the Persians and getting payback for the Persian war, and which ended up funding Athenian architectural commissions.

C. A league of Greek poleis that supported Sparta over Athens during the Peloponnesian War.

D. A league of Greek architects that sought to obtain commissions abroad.

Which of the following best describes Mnesikles’ design of the Propylaia on the Akropolis in Athens (437-432 BC)?

A. An attempt to exploit the existing irregularities of the site, resulting in a dynamic manipulation of space that unites the building with its environment.

B. An attempt to create the balanced appearance of axial symmetry while incorporating an pinakotheke (“picture gallery”) in a location where axial symmetry was not possible.

C. An attempt to produce a radial composition that offered the visitor several choices of direction to follow, thereby making “choice” a dynamic feature of the design.

D. An attempt to balance verticals with spreading horizontals, an aim that resulted in the use of the taller Ionic order rather than Doric.

A. An attempt to exploit the existing irregularities of the site, resulting in a dynamic manipulation of space that unites the building with its environment.

B. An attempt to create the balanced appearance of axial symmetry while incorporating an pinakotheke (“picture gallery”) in a location where axial symmetry was not possible.

C. An attempt to produce a radial composition that offered the visitor several choices of direction to follow, thereby making “choice” a dynamic feature of the design.

D. An attempt to balance verticals with spreading horizontals, an aim that resulted in the use of the taller Ionic order rather than Doric.

Which of the following most correctly describes the Parthenon?

A. The main temple of Athena in Athens, containing the traditional olive wood cult statue around which the Athenians draped a new sacred peplos as the climatic event of the Greater Panathenaia every four years.

B. The earliest Greek temple to feature refinements like entasis and platform curvature.

C. A temple first conceived of after the middle of the fifth century BC and intended as a replacement for the Propylaia.

D. A victory monument associated with the Persian War whose second phases innovatively incorporated materials surviving from its first phases, and which combined features from both the Doric and Ionic orders.

A. The main temple of Athena in Athens, containing the traditional olive wood cult statue around which the Athenians draped a new sacred peplos as the climatic event of the Greater Panathenaia every four years.

B. The earliest Greek temple to feature refinements like entasis and platform curvature.

C. A temple first conceived of after the middle of the fifth century BC and intended as a replacement for the Propylaia.

D. A victory monument associated with the Persian War whose second phases innovatively incorporated materials surviving from its first phases, and which combined features from both the Doric and Ionic orders.

According to J.J. Coulton’s Ancient Greek Architects at Work, which of the following would most accurately describe an ancient Greek architect?

A. A mason who rose through the ranks to become the “chief builder”

B. A person trained in the architectural academies at places like Athens, Pergamon, and Alexandria

C. An uneducated person who gained practical experience in working masonry and building machines

D. A well-educated person lacking formalized, institutional training in the manner of a school of architecture

A. A mason who rose through the ranks to become the “chief builder”

B. A person trained in the architectural academies at places like Athens, Pergamon, and Alexandria

C. An uneducated person who gained practical experience in working masonry and building machines

D. A well-educated person lacking formalized, institutional training in the manner of a school of architecture

According to J.J. Coulton’s Ancient Greek Architects at Work, what are syngraphai?

A. Textual or verbal accounts of the building to be constructed

B. Full-scale templates

C. Full-scale models

D. Reduced scale models

A. Textual or verbal accounts of the building to be constructed

B. Full-scale templates

C. Full-scale models

D. Reduced scale models

According to J.J. Coulton’s Ancient Greek Architects at Work, which of the following would most accurately describe the design process of a traditional Greek temple in the Classical period?

A. The architect’s providing of full-scale models and templates according to which workers create individual features and position them on-site, commonly resulting in a design process that evolves in the process of construction

B. The architect’s drawing of reduced scale blueprints as ichnographies, orthographies, and linear perspective drawings offered for approval by the client

C. The architect’s drawing of reduced scale blueprints as ichnographies, orthographies, and linear perspective drawings offered as aids for construction by masons

D. The communal effort of masons to determine a building’s form as construction progresses, but usually without an architect

A. The architect’s providing of full-scale models and templates according to which workers create individual features and position them on-site, commonly resulting in a design process that evolves in the process of construction

B. The architect’s drawing of reduced scale blueprints as ichnographies, orthographies, and linear perspective drawings offered for approval by the client

C. The architect’s drawing of reduced scale blueprints as ichnographies, orthographies, and linear perspective drawings offered as aids for construction by masons

D. The communal effort of masons to determine a building’s form as construction progresses, but usually without an architect

According to J.J. Coulton’s Ancient Greek Architects at Work, which of the following may best indicate the existence of scale ground plans by the time of the Hellenistic period?

A. The observable integral relationships of parts within a building

B. The discovery of finely divided scientific instruments of measurement

C. The observable relationships between structures within complexes

D. The discovery of chalk markings on planar surfaces, indicating a transfer of graphic underpinnings from the drawing board to the site

A. The observable integral relationships of parts within a building

B. The discovery of finely divided scientific instruments of measurement

C. The observable relationships between structures within complexes

D. The discovery of chalk markings on planar surfaces, indicating a transfer of graphic underpinnings from the drawing board to the site

According Lothar Haselberger’s article in Scientific American, what is his new discovery of the means by which Greek architects made their drawings?

A. The use of animal hides to provide larger drawing surfaces than that provided by papyrus

B. The application of color to a flat stone surface into which lines were incised

C. The use of finely divided scientific measuring instruments that better enabled drawing on the small surface of a papyrus sheet

D. The use of clay and wax tablets that served as reusable drawing surfaces

A. The use of animal hides to provide larger drawing surfaces than that provided by papyrus

B. The application of color to a flat stone surface into which lines were incised

C. The use of finely divided scientific measuring instruments that better enabled drawing on the small surface of a papyrus sheet

D. The use of clay and wax tablets that served as reusable drawing surfaces

According Lothar Haselberger’s article in Scientific American, how was entasis created at the Hellenistic Temple of Apollo at Didyma?

A. Through the use of a catenary curve, nearly identical to a parabola

B. Through the use of full-scale horizontally with reduced scale vertically, by means of which an arc drawn with a large compass-like instrument expands in one direction

C. Through creating drums as inverted cone segments and then smoothing the vertex of their convergence into a curve

D. Through a simple mathematical calculation that determined the slope of a continuous curve in relation to a theoretical plane

E. Through talented masons able to “eye it.” 

A. Through the use of a catenary curve, nearly identical to a parabola

B. Through the use of full-scale horizontally with reduced scale vertically, by means of which an arc drawn with a large compass-like instrument expands in one direction

C. Through creating drums as inverted cone segments and then smoothing the vertex of their convergence into a curve

D. Through a simple mathematical calculation that determined the slope of a continuous curve in relation to a theoretical plane

E. Through talented masons able to “eye it.” 

In accordance with Lothar Haselberger’s discovery at Didyma, which of the following best describes how Greek architects of the Classical period may have created platform curvature?

A. Through sinking wooden pieces of variable sizes into sink holes of constant depth and then cutting away the surface down to the level of the top of each wooden piece

B. Through the use of a catenary curve, nearly identical to a parabola

C. Through a simple mathematical calculation that determined the slope of a continuous curve in relation to a theoretical plane

D. Through the use of single-axis protraction, by which the relationship between chord and arc remains constant vertically but expands horizontally

A. Through sinking wooden pieces of variable sizes into sink holes of constant depth and then cutting away the surface down to the level of the top of each wooden piece

B. Through the use of a catenary curve, nearly identical to a parabola

C. Through a simple mathematical calculation that determined the slope of a continuous curve in relation to a theoretical plane

D. Through the use of single-axis protraction, by which the relationship between chord and arc remains constant vertically but expands horizontally

In the design of elevations, ground plans, and the refinement of curvature in Greek temples, which of the following best describes the application of integral (whole number) ratios like 1:2, 2:3, 3:4, 4:5, 4:9, etc.?

A. As a means of producing proportionally-based visual harmonies

B. For schematic purposes as a starting point for determining relationships and constructing refinements

A. As a means of producing proportionally-based visual harmonies

B. For schematic purposes as a starting point for determining relationships and constructing refinements

In a way that differs from the discussions of J.J. Coulton, which of the following best describes the theory for the origins of ichnography in the Greek craft of building offered in lecture?

A. The application of graphic constructions for features at full-scale to real space in order to construct linear perspective, in turn applied to ichnography in order to shape architectural space as a vessel for communal vision.

B. The application of drawing on a relatively small surface in order to work out relationships according to integral ratios

C. The use of formal drawings or informal sketches to determine the relationships of structures within complexes

D. The evocation in graphic form of Plato’s notion of the ideai.

A. The application of graphic constructions for features at full-scale to real space in order to construct linear perspective, in turn applied to ichnography in order to shape architectural space as a vessel for communal vision.

B. The application of drawing on a relatively small surface in order to work out relationships according to integral ratios

C. The use of formal drawings or informal sketches to determine the relationships of structures within complexes

D. The evocation in graphic form of Plato’s notion of the ideai.

Which of the following best describes how the concept of scale drawing emerged in the Greek craft of building, as theorized in lecture?

A. The principle of radial protraction in the construction of column fluting applied along a single axis (single-axis protraction) for refinements in temples and in all directions for the theater.

B. The invention of scale rulers that converted smaller measurements to larger ones

C. The application of the principles of good form from the human figure to the temple

D. The establishment of relationships with round as opposed to orthogonal temple buildings

A. The principle of radial protraction in the construction of column fluting applied along a single axis (single-axis protraction) for refinements in temples and in all directions for the theater.

B. The invention of scale rulers that converted smaller measurements to larger ones

C. The application of the principles of good form from the human figure to the temple

D. The establishment of relationships with round as opposed to orthogonal temple buildings