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ARCH 211 Midterm Terms
UTK ARCH 211 Midterm Terms
27
Architecture
Undergraduate 2
02/14/2012

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Term
Abacus
Definition
At the top of a capital, a thick rectangular slab of stone that serves as the flat, broad surface on which the architrave rests.
Term
Aqueduct
Definition
a channel for delivering water, usually an elevated stone or brick structure elevated on top of arches.
Term
architrave
Definition
A square beam that is the lowest of the three horizontal components of a Classical entablature.
Term
caryatid
Definition
A sculpted female figure supporting an entablature and thus substituting for a columnar form.
Term
clerestory
Definition
A clerestory is the uppermost portion of a wall or building that is pierced by window openings so as to let in light.
Term
corbeled arch
Definition
Masonry constructed over an opening by a series of courses projecting from each side and projecting from each side and stepped progressively further inward until they meet at the midpoint.
Term
cornice
Definition
The uppermost, projecting portion of an entablature, also the crowning horizontal molding of a building or a wall.
Term
doric order
Definition
The order of architecture with a system coordinating columns with an entablature where the fluted shafts of the columns are not supported by bases, the capital consists of a simple cushion-like molding with an abacus on top, and the entablature features a plain architrave supporting a frieze composed of triglyphs alternating with metopes and capped by a cornice.
Term
entablature
Definition
The upper, horizontal part of a Classical order supported by columns comprising architrave, frieze, and cornice.
Term
entasis
Definition
This term literally means “tension” or “stretching.” Entasis is the slight swelling of the vertical profile of a Classical column as it tapers toward the top to counteract the illusion of concavity that accompanies straight-sided columns.
Term
fresco
Definition
The Italian term fresco (literally, “fresh”) denotes a type of mural painting where the painting is in the plaster; water-soluble pigments are applied to fresh or wet plaster and once dried are integral to the wall itself.
Term
frieze
Definition
A horizontal band, sometimes decorated with sculptural reliefs, running along the upper portion of a wall or just beneath a cornice or it may be that part of a Classical entablature that lies between the architrave and the cornice.
Term
hypostyle hall
Definition
A structure—most frequently a large hall—featuring a flat roof supported by row after row of columns.
Term
ionic order
Definition
One of the Classical orders of architecture, the Ionic is characterized by volutes (scroll-shaped elements) in the capitals, the presence of dentils (tooth-like blocks) in the cornice, and a continuous frieze that might contain relief sculptures unbroken by triglyphs.
Term
mastaba
Definition
Derived from the Arabic word for “bench,” mastaba denotes a type of Egyptian tomb, rectangular in shape with sloping sides and a flat roof, featuring a passageway leading to a subterranean chamber.
Term
metope
Definition
In the frieze of the Doric order, the rectangular area between the triglyphs; often left plain but sometimes decorated with sculptural reliefs.
Term
mosaics
Definition
decorative designs made by cementing small pieces (called tesserae) of hard, colored substances (ceramics, marble, glass fused with ceramics, or cut semi-precious stones) onto a surface.
Term
oculus
Definition
literally, “eye;” a circular opening in a dome or a wall.
Term
order of architecture
Definition
A system for the forms and relationship of elements in the column and entablature of Classical architecture according to one of the five modes: Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Tuscan.
Term
pediment
Definition
A triangular space formed by the raking cornices (sloping sides) and horizontal cornice of a gabled temple; also used above a door or window.
Term
pylon
Definition
A pylon is a monumental gateway to an Egyptian temple complex, usually consisting of a tapering wall capped by a cornice.
Term
stele
Definition
A stele is an upright slab or a standing stone monument, usually carved with an inscription and an accompanying image.
Term
tholos
Definition
In Greek or Roman architecture, a circular building; in Mycenaean architecture, a circular tomb or beehive-shaped tomb.
Term
triglyph
Definition
In a Doric frieze, the projecting block marked by vertical grooves (glyphs) between the rectangular areas known as metopes.
Term
volute
Definition
Ornament in the form of a spiral scroll; it usually forms the principal feature of an Ionic capital.
Term
voussoir
Definition
A wedge-shaped stone used in the construction of an arch or a vault.
Term
ziggurat
Definition
a stepped pyramid; in ancient Mesopotamian culture, a ziggurat is a monumental platform for a temple.
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