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ARC EXAM 2
Key Terms
74
Architecture
Undergraduate 2
03/24/2013

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Term
Keystone
Definition
wedge-shaped stone at the apex of a masonry vault or arch
Term
Vault
Definition
a roof in the form of an arch or a series of arches
Term
Annular Vault
Definition
barrel vault in the shape of a ring formed between walls of two concentric circles
Term
Rustication
Definition
creates texture on a masonry wall by cutting the edges around the stone block
Term
Pseudoperipteral
Definition
free-standing columns in the front but columns along the sides are engages to the walls
Term
Coffer
Definition
sunken geometric panel in the ceiling or vault, recessed and highly ornamented
Term
Concrete
Definition
hard strong construction material made of lime, water, sand and pozzolana
Term
circus
Definition
largest place of Roman leisure, long narrow race track on a central axis
Term
Tuscan order
Definition
Roman order that represents the Doric but without the fluted shaft, circular base, and no adornments
Term
Voussoir
Definition
wedge shaped pieces forming and arch or vault
Term
Barrel Vault
Definition
tunnel vault, continuously formed by a single curved arch
Term
Groin Vault
Definition
produced by the intersection of two barrel vaults at a right angle
Term
Arcade
Definition
succession of arches and their supporting columns
Term
Oculus
Definition
circular opening, especially in the top of a dome
Term
Dome
Definition
roof in a hemispherical form
Term
Pozzolana
Definition
porous variety of volcanic ash used to make cement
Term
String Course
Definition
horizontal band around a building
Term
Castrum
Definition
Roman fortified camp, rectangular in plan and standardized throughout the empire; two main thoroughfares at right angles which each joined two gates set in the towers
Term
Palestra
Definition
public place for exercise
Term
Frigidarium
Definition
large cold pool of roman baths
Term
Apodyterium
Definition
changing rooms before baths
Term
Insula
Definition
apartment building that housed urban residents
Term
Tablinum
Definition
room situated on one side of the atrium and opposite the entrance, open in back with a peristyle
Term
Vestibule
Definition
entrance hall
Term
Pilaster
Definition
slightly projected column applied to the face of a wall as an ornamental motif
Term
Composite Order
Definition
combines volutes of ionic order with leaves of corinthian order
Term
Exedra
Definition
semicircular recess capped with a semi-dome
Term
Bath
Definition
pool filled with water for bathing
Term
Tepidarium
Definition
warm bath heated by a hypocaust
Term
Caldarium
Definition
hot bath
Term
Hypocaust
Definition
underfloor heating by furnace
Term
Forum
Definition
market and meeting place in Roman towns; colonnades, basilicas, public buildings; usually rectangular in shape
Term
Atrium
Definition
large open space located within a building
Term
Basilica
Definition
large oblong hall with double colonnades and a semi-circular shape on one end; used for a court of law or public assembly
Term
Finial
Definition
ornament at the apex of a roof
Term
Broken pediment
Definition
a pediment broken or open at the apex; gap often filled with ornamentation
Term
Nazca Culture
Definition
100-800 BCE in Peru, complex textiles, geoglyphics, aqueducts, pottery; agricultural society
Term
Intihuatana
Definition
ritual stone in South American used as an astronomical clock or calendar for the Inca
Term
Sapa Inca
Definition
rule of the kingdom
Term
Cancha
Definition
housing unit of Inca Empire
Term
Toltec
Definition
mesoamerican culture that centered in Tula, influenced aztecs intellectually and culturally
Term
Atlantes
Definition
a standing or kneeling figure of a man used as a column or entablature
Term
Stupa
Definition
dome-shaped structure erected as a Buddhist Shrine
Term
Vihara
Definition
Buddhist monastery; dormitory on three sides with open court in center for teachings
Term
Ambulatory
Definition
aisle for walking
Term
Balustrade
Definition
row of repeating balusters (small posts that supper the upper railing)
Term
Vastuvidya
Definition
ancient doctrine of the science of construction; used in Hindu temple architecture; mathematical calculations and five basic elements (earth, water, air, fire, space)
Term
Gopuram
Definition
rising structure used as an entrance gateway to the Hindu Temple
Term
Baray
Definition
artificial body of water used as an architectural element in SE Asia
Term
Chaitya
Definition
buddhist shrine containing a stupa; semicircular on one end with a colonnaded ambulatory wrapping around the walls; barrel vaulted roof
Term
Torana
Definition
gateway compromised of two upright pillars and three lintels; Hindu and Buddhist architecture
Term
Pradakshina
Definition
circumambulation of sacred places in Hindu or Buddhist context
Term
Sikhara
Definition
"mountain peak"; rising tower in Hindu architecture
Term
Plinth
Definition
base or platform of temple
Term
Quincunx
Definition
geometric pattern of five points arranged in a cross; four forming a square and one in middle; basis of Hindu temple form
Term
Crenellated
Definition
wall notched with battlements
Term
Battlement
Definition
open notches in wall for shooting; forms crenellated wall
Term
Pagoda
Definition
tiered tower associated with Buddhist architecture
Term
Corvée
Definition
unpaid laborers
Term
Hipped roof
Definition
slopes down on all four sides from a single horizontal ridge
Term
Spandrel
Definition
triangular space between the curve of an arch and the rectangle formed by the moldings enclosing it
Term
Ang
Definition
cantilever of the dougong system; anchored with support on only one end
Term
Dou
Definition
large wooden block that is placed on top of column in dougong system
Term
Gong
Definition
bow-shaped brackets that support the beam or another gong above it
Term
Purlin
Definition
longitudinal, horizontal, structural member in a roof; supported by posts
Term
Truss
Definition
rigid framework designed to support a roof; usually composed of triangular shapes
Term
Bay
Definition
part of a building marked off by vertical elements such as columns or posts
Term
Gabled roof
Definition
two sides slope down from a peak
Term
Pyramidal roof
Definition
hipped roof that lacks a ride with four triangular shaped sides meeting at a common apex
Term
Half-gabled roof
Definition
two sides slope down from a peak and are met with adjacent sloping roofs halfway down
Term
Torri
Definition
the gateway of a Shinto temple, consisting of two uprights supporting a concave crosspiece with projecting ends and a straight crosspiece beneath it
Term
Mortise and Tenon
Definition
mortise (hole), tenon (post); method of joining pieces of wood
Term
Picturesque massing and composition
Definition
A type of massing and composition characterized by irregularity, asymmetry, ruggedness and a variety of texture and form
Term
Tatami
Definition
In Japanese houses, any of a number of thick, woven straw mats of uniform dimensions, about three feet by six feet, the placing of which determines the dimensions of an interior (flooring material)
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