Shared Flashcard Set

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Arc 442
Construction Technology
79
Architecture
Undergraduate 3
03/01/2016

Additional Architecture Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Dimensional Modularity
Definition
integer ratios - uniform sizes, proportional relationships
Term
Generalized Integration
Definition
non specific size and shape - same block for any project
Term
Manufacture
Definition
standardization, ready availability, low cost
ie Lowes/ Home Depot
Term
Small size
Definition
easy to handle, common tools
brick = 1 hand block =2
Term
adaptability
Definition
multiple combinations, freedom and constraint
Term
nominal vs. actual dimensions
Definition
difference is mortar joint dimensions which are included in nominal
modular cmu
8x8x16 vs 7 5/8 x 7 5/8 x 15 5/8
modular brick
8x4x2 2/3
3 bricks = 8" 12 bricks = 1 block
Term
structural forces
Definition
compression and tension; vertical and lateral loads
Term
how to avoid water penetration in masonry wall
Definition
vapor barrier
Term
assembly of masonry through compression
Definition
weakness is in the joint
Term
in what way to arches work
Definition
pure compression
Term
what are the standard wall types
Definition
solid
composite
cavity
reinforced
Term
composite wall
Definition
block and brick construction
better to aid against water penetration
Term
course
Definition
row of bricks
Term
wythe
Definition
vertical stack
Term
bonding
Definition
pattern of brick laying
Term
how are bricks manufactured
Definition
bricks are fired clay (adobe)
Term
how are CMUs manufactured
Definition
hardened through HYDRATION - need humidity
Term
stretcher vs header
Definition
stretchers are the long face of the brick
headers are the short face
Term
what are basic methods of bonding
Definition
flemish
english
common (American)
running
stack
Term
flemish bond
Definition

8" bond, solid construction

[image]

Term
english bond
Definition

12" bond; solid construction

[image]

Term
common/ American bond
Definition

alternate headers/stretchers every couple of courses

[image]

Term
stacked bond
Definition

 no structural role - (decorative)

used in cavity wall construction when tied back to inner wythe

[image]

Term
running bond
Definition

used in cavity wall construction

[image]

Term
composite wall
Definition
wall composed of two different materials
ie cmu block and brick
Term
cavity wall
Definition
wall with space in between block and brick (or any combination) helps with insulation, better for water penetration, weaker structurally
protects against water
Term
3 components of a cavity wall
Definition
outer wythe
cavity
inner wythe
Term
how to reinforce masonry wall
Definition
steel reinforcement and grout inside the wall
Term
grout
Definition
concrete with high water content
Term
3 methods to reinforce masonry walls
Definition
single cell
cavity
inner wythe
Term
3 lateral forces
Definition
wind
water/soil
seismic
Term
mortar
Definition
form of concrete
Term
weaknesses of mortar
Definition
weak structure
weak in weathering
temperature sensitive
Term
strengths of mortar
Definition
tolerance in masonry cast (wiggle room)
Term
pointing
Definition
weathering and aesthetics
highlights the profile of the mortar joint
Term
modular planning
Definition
related to modular dimensions
Term
Actual Dimensions of a wall corner
Definition
2 blocks + 2 joints
Term
Actual Dimensions of a window
Definition
2 blocks + 3 joints
Term
Actual Dimensions of a column
Definition
2 blocks + 1 joint
Term
bond beam
Definition
used where floor loads connect to inner wythe
Term
inner wythe
Definition
load bearing
Term
outer wythe
Definition
non-structural
aesthetic
prevents water penetration
Term
cavity
Definition
capillary break to stop water
Term
cavity ties
Definition
connects 2 wythes, resists lateral for inner wythes
Term
insulation types
Definition
rigid- polystyrene
batt- fiberglass
granular - syrofoam pellets
spray in - liquid insulation hardens
Term
vapor barrier
Definition
prevents moisture from accumulating in the inside of a wall
Term
flashings
Definition
continuous sheet of thin waterproof material
ie metal / synthetic materials
Term
4 locations of insulation
Definition
in the cavity
inside face of inner wythe
outer face of outer wythe - external insulation plus finish system (EIFS)
cells of blocks
Term
where does the vapor barrier occur in our climate
Definition
warm side of insulation
Term
2 types of flashings
Definition
external - keep water out of the wall (top or junction)
internal - catches moisture + takes it out (whenever cavity is interrupted)
Term
weep holes
Definition
where water weeps out in a cavity wall
Term
Gravity Loads
Definition
Dead Loads: Building Materials
Live Loads: People, Furniture
Term
Horizontal Loads
Definition
heat and cold
Term
Lateral Loads
Definition
wind, seismic, soil
Term
Where do we put reinforcements?
Definition
bond beams - where floor or roof load meets the wall
lintels over openings - bond beam lintels
Term
Movement joint
Definition
intentional crack in wall that allows the wall to expand and contract
Term
where are movement joints located
Definition
-every 30' in masonry wall
-corners
-where walls change thickness/ height
-has caulk instead of mortar
Term
why did historic buildings have mortar at movement joints when today this is not allowed?
Definition
mortar of the past used lime (flexible)
Term
Arches
Definition
often see cracking at corners
Term
what do flatter arches produce more of
Definition
more thrust (jack arch)
Term
bond beam lintel arch
Definition

bonded cmu with mortar joint filled with cement and reinforced with rebar

[image]

Term
jack arch
Definition

typical arch construction relying on thrust negating the effects of gravity resulting in pure compression

[image]

Term
pre cast concrete lintel
Definition
similiar to a bondbeam lintel, however it is composed of one concrete block, then reinforced and filled[image]
Term
steel beam lintel
Definition
use of a steel beam to support the span through tension[image]
Term
what are some of the main components of horizontal systems
Definition
material, span, and spacing
Term
span
Definition
distance between two intermediate supports for a structure, e.g. a beam or a bridge
Term
fire rating
Definition
the ability of building components and systems to perform their intended fire separating and/or loadbearing functions under fire exposure
Term
Greatest Effective Span
Definition
16'
Otherwise produces excessive deflection
Therefore the use of a beam is required
Term
Components of Light Frame Construction (Residential)
Definition
joists
plywood subfloor
Term
rigid horizontal diaphragm
Definition
subflooring
distributes lateral loads
Term
ledger
Definition
means to connect joists to sill plate to foundation
Term
steel bar joists
Definition
4' OC with span up to 60'
Term
pre cast concrete plank
Definition
with reinforcement can span up to 40'
Term
Stereotonic
Definition
mass, either carving or building up
Term
tectonic
Definition
linear elements to encompass space within a frame
ARCHITECTURE OF THE FRAME
Term
Log Building
Definition
stereotonic - stacking heavy elements, limited openings, used like masonry with evidence of framing in roof construction
Term
Heavy Timber Frame
Definition
post and beam construction, large sections of wood, air space, complex interlocking joints, high level of craftsmanship, stabilized by triangulation
Term
Balloon Frame
Definition
Studs go from foundation to roof
Term
platform frame
Definition
studs go from floor to floor
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