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Definition
integer ratios - uniform sizes, proportional relationships |
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non specific size and shape - same block for any project |
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standardization, ready availability, low cost ie Lowes/ Home Depot |
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easy to handle, common tools brick = 1 hand block =2 |
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multiple combinations, freedom and constraint |
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nominal vs. actual dimensions |
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Definition
difference is mortar joint dimensions which are included in nominal modular cmu 8x8x16 vs 7 5/8 x 7 5/8 x 15 5/8 modular brick 8x4x2 2/3 3 bricks = 8" 12 bricks = 1 block |
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Definition
compression and tension; vertical and lateral loads |
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how to avoid water penetration in masonry wall |
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Definition
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assembly of masonry through compression |
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in what way to arches work |
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what are the standard wall types |
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solid composite cavity reinforced |
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block and brick construction better to aid against water penetration |
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Definition
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how are bricks manufactured |
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bricks are fired clay (adobe) |
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how are CMUs manufactured |
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Definition
hardened through HYDRATION - need humidity |
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Term
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Definition
stretchers are the long face of the brick headers are the short face |
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what are basic methods of bonding |
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Definition
flemish english common (American) running stack |
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Definition
8" bond, solid construction
[image] |
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12" bond; solid construction
[image] |
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Definition
alternate headers/stretchers every couple of courses
[image] |
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no structural role - (decorative)
used in cavity wall construction when tied back to inner wythe
[image] |
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Definition
used in cavity wall construction
[image] |
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Definition
wall composed of two different materials ie cmu block and brick |
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Definition
wall with space in between block and brick (or any combination) helps with insulation, better for water penetration, weaker structurally protects against water |
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Term
3 components of a cavity wall |
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Definition
outer wythe cavity inner wythe |
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how to reinforce masonry wall |
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Definition
steel reinforcement and grout inside the wall |
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Term
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Definition
concrete with high water content |
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3 methods to reinforce masonry walls |
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Definition
single cell cavity inner wythe |
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weak structure weak in weathering temperature sensitive |
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tolerance in masonry cast (wiggle room) |
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weathering and aesthetics highlights the profile of the mortar joint |
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Definition
related to modular dimensions |
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Actual Dimensions of a wall corner |
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Definition
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Actual Dimensions of a window |
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Definition
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Actual Dimensions of a column |
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Definition
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Definition
used where floor loads connect to inner wythe |
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Definition
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non-structural aesthetic prevents water penetration |
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Definition
capillary break to stop water |
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Definition
connects 2 wythes, resists lateral for inner wythes |
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Definition
rigid- polystyrene batt- fiberglass granular - syrofoam pellets spray in - liquid insulation hardens |
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Definition
prevents moisture from accumulating in the inside of a wall |
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Definition
continuous sheet of thin waterproof material ie metal / synthetic materials |
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4 locations of insulation |
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Definition
in the cavity inside face of inner wythe outer face of outer wythe - external insulation plus finish system (EIFS) cells of blocks |
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Term
where does the vapor barrier occur in our climate |
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Definition
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Definition
external - keep water out of the wall (top or junction) internal - catches moisture + takes it out (whenever cavity is interrupted) |
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Definition
where water weeps out in a cavity wall |
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Definition
Dead Loads: Building Materials Live Loads: People, Furniture |
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Definition
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Definition
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Where do we put reinforcements? |
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Definition
bond beams - where floor or roof load meets the wall lintels over openings - bond beam lintels |
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Term
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Definition
intentional crack in wall that allows the wall to expand and contract |
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where are movement joints located |
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Definition
-every 30' in masonry wall -corners -where walls change thickness/ height -has caulk instead of mortar |
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why did historic buildings have mortar at movement joints when today this is not allowed? |
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Definition
mortar of the past used lime (flexible) |
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Definition
often see cracking at corners |
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what do flatter arches produce more of |
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Definition
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Definition
bonded cmu with mortar joint filled with cement and reinforced with rebar
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
typical arch construction relying on thrust negating the effects of gravity resulting in pure compression
[image] |
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Definition
similiar to a bondbeam lintel, however it is composed of one concrete block, then reinforced and filled[image] |
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Definition
use of a steel beam to support the span through tension[image] |
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what are some of the main components of horizontal systems |
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Definition
material, span, and spacing |
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Definition
distance between two intermediate supports for a structure, e.g. a beam or a bridge |
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Definition
the ability of building components and systems to perform their intended fire separating and/or loadbearing functions under fire exposure |
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Definition
16' Otherwise produces excessive deflection Therefore the use of a beam is required |
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Components of Light Frame Construction (Residential) |
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Definition
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rigid horizontal diaphragm |
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Definition
subflooring distributes lateral loads |
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Definition
means to connect joists to sill plate to foundation |
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Definition
4' OC with span up to 60' |
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Definition
with reinforcement can span up to 40' |
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Definition
mass, either carving or building up |
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Term
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Definition
linear elements to encompass space within a frame ARCHITECTURE OF THE FRAME |
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Definition
stereotonic - stacking heavy elements, limited openings, used like masonry with evidence of framing in roof construction |
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Definition
post and beam construction, large sections of wood, air space, complex interlocking joints, high level of craftsmanship, stabilized by triangulation |
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Definition
Studs go from foundation to roof |
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Definition
studs go from floor to floor |
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