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| place where Washington's army spent winter of 1777-1778 |
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| american colonists determined to fight the British until American independence was won |
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| official army of the colonies, created by second continental congress and led by George Washington |
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| passed by congress under the articles of confederation that created the grid system of surveys by which all subsequent land was made available for sale; survey system divided the western land into townships of 36 sections of 1 sq mile sections |
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| heroine of american revolution who carried water to soldiers during the battle monmouth court house and took over her husband's gun when he was overcome by heat. |
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| british colonists who opposed independence from Britain |
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| He had been a Colonel in the Connecticut militia at the outbreak of the Revolution and soon became a General in the Continental Army. He won key victories for the colonies in the battles in upstate New York in 1777, and was instrumental in General Gates victory over the British at Saratoga. After becoming Commander of Philadelphia in 1778, he went heavily into debt, and in 1780, he was caught plotting to surrender the key Hudson River fortress of West Point to the British in exchange for a commission in the royal army. He is the most famous traitor in American history. |
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| the first major battle in the American Revolutionary War following the United States Declaration of Independence,George Washington brought the Continental Army to defend New York City; After five days of waiting, the British attacked American defenses on the Guana (Gowanus) Heights. Unknown to the Americans, however, Howe had brought his main army around their rear and attacked their flank soon after. The Americans panicked, although a stand by 400 Maryland troops prevented most of the army from being captured. The remainder of the army fled to the main defenses on Brooklyn Heights. The British dug in for a siege but, on the night of August 29-30, Washington evacuated the entire army to Manhattan without the loss of material or a single life. Washington and the Continental Army were driven out of New York entirely after several more defeats and forced to retreat through New Jersey and into Pennsylvania. |
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| Lord Cornwallis sent by British to replace Clinton.badly beaten in battles of Cowpens and King's Mountain; trapped at Yorktown by French naval forces when they gained superiority in Chesapeake Bay to block off the British |
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| Turning point of the American Revolution in 1777. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain. |
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| nicknamed Gentleman Johnny burgoyne for his love of luxury and fine things even in war, he was a British General who surrendered at Saratoga in 1977, defeated by local militia "The Green Mountain Boys". |
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| a retired British soldier who served as an American general during the Revolutionary War. He took credit for the American victory at the Battle of Saratoga - Benedict Arnold, who led the attack, was finally forced from the field when he was shot in the leg |
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| A 1781 battle in SC where Americans won by pretending to retreat after firing 2 volleys, then when the Brits pursued, ran into second rank, and lost numerous men, battle in the American Revolution, under American brigadier general Daniel Morgan, battle in the American Revolution |
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| Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781. |
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| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
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| prohibited slavery in the northwest territories & provided the model for the incorporation of future territories into the union as co-equal states |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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written document setting up the loose confederation of states that comprised the first national gov of the US; formally adopted by continental congress in Nov 1777, created a national assembly called congress in which each state had one vote by delegates selected annually serving no more than 3 out of 6 years; presiding president elected annually by congress to hold office no more than 1 yr out of 3, votes decided by majority of states; congress held control of foreign affairs, matters of war and peace, maintenance of armed forces, could raise loans, issue bills of credit, est postal system & common standard of weights and measures;
articles guaranteed soveriegnty of individual states
ratification delayed 3 years |
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| colonial frontiersman who in 1778-1779 captured important British forts at Vincennes, Cahokia, and Kaskaskia securing the Ohio territory for the colonies |
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| War fought between the US and Britain from June 1812, to January 1815 largely over British restrictions on American shipping. |
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a slave girl brought to Boston at age eight and never formally educated; she was taken to England when, at twenty years of age, she published a book of verse and later wrote other polished poems that revealed the influence of Alexander Pope.
First African-American poet published in the United States. |
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