Term
| _________ and _________ had hoped to control president Harrison when he took office in 1840. However, this didn't work out because President Harrison _____ a month after he took office. |
|
Definition
Daniel Webster and Henry Clay,
died |
|
|
Term
| _________ was originally the vice presidential nominee, but after Harrison's death he became president. He considered himself a _______, despite how he agreed with a lot of Jacksonian opinions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| John Tyler was a strong _______ player, a "_______" whig, and he was put on the Harrison ticket as such so that way Harrison could appeal to ____________. Due to his beliefs, Tyler was said to be a "___________________" |
|
Definition
independent,
minority,
elite southerners,
Democrat in Whig's clothing |
|
|
Term
| _________ and John Tyler had many disputes during the start of his presidency. First off, they made an effort to end the _________, which Tyler agreed to. However, when Henry Clay led an effort for a "__________" in order to establish a new Bank of the United States, Tyler vetoed the proposition. |
|
Definition
Congress,
independent treasury,
Fiscal Bank |
|
|
Term
| Congress tried again after the veto of the "Fiscal Bank" proposition to establish a new Bank of the United States by proposing a "______________" bill. However, Tyler vetoed this proposition as well. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For his actions preventing a new bank of the United States, John Tyler was __________ by the Whig party, making him a president without a ______. |
|
Definition
kicked out,
political party |
|
|
Term
| Congress also proposed a ______ in order to create additional revenue for the treasury. Tyler at first vetoed this attempt because it would have distributed _______ from land sales in the West to all of the states when the ___________ needed more revenue. Afterwards, congress redrafted their proposition and Tyler agreed to it. |
|
Definition
tariff,
revenue,
federal treasury, |
|
|
Term
| In ____, hatred for the British was at a great high. The British ___________ americans, and patronized Yankee ________. British writers were not receiving ________ due to a lack of an American copyright law. After the ___________, many Americans couldn't/wouldn't repay English lenders. |
|
Definition
1842,
stereotyped,
shortcomings,
royalties,
Panic of 1837 |
|
|
Term
| In Canada, a ________ colony, Americans aided canadian rebels who were against their government. However, American meddling led to the sinking of the american steamer ____________, who was carrying supplies to the insurgents. American newspapers blew the act out of proportion, when only ___ person(s) died. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In _____, three years after the Caroline sinking, a Canadian named _________ boasted about being apart of the Caroline raid. Americans planned to execute him, while Canadians warned that to do so would start a war. In the end, he had an ______ and was released. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In _____, in the Bahamas, british officials offered refuge to 130 slaves who overtook the ship Creole, which especially outraged ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____________ was fought over the Maine boundaries. Britain wanted Maine in order to create a road from _______ to Quebec. However, the U.S. wanted the land. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| More so, the Aroostook war was fought by ________ from both Maine and Canada in order to decide who would gain the _______. In the end, the Aroostook war was settled peacefully by the ___________ treaty, signed between Daniel Webster and Daniel Ashburton |
|
Definition
lumberjacks,
lumber,
Webster-Ashburton Treaty |
|
|
Term
| The Webster-Ashburton Treaty drew a line at the _________ river, and roughly split the land. From the treaty, we gained the Mesabi range in __________ as well as Maine. The Mesabi ore range was discovered to be an extremely valuable piece of land because it helped supply the industrial revolution's need for _______ in order to make ______ |
|
Definition
Aroostook River,
Minnesota,
iron ore,
steel |
|
|
Term
| Britain was interested in Texas remaining an _____________. This could provide Britain's foothold into America in order to turn upon southern ________. This could enable Britain to attack the U.S. by first going against the ____________. French _________ also were interested in this possibility of divide and conquer, although this was not the popular goal. |
|
Definition
independent country,
Yankees,
southerners,
schemers |
|
|
Term
| Since 1836, Texas was their own country. They had poor military force, unable to protect themselves from Mexican ______. They had no choice to open negotiations with european countries such as Britain and France in order to gain a _________. In 1839/40, Texas concluded treaties with ________, _________, and _______. |
|
Definition
raids,
protectorate,
France, Belgium, and Holland, |
|
|
Term
| Americans were worried about the possibility of Texas and British negotiations because they thought it would decline the value of __________ since Texas could supply England, and the fact it could break the ______________ giving England a foothold in America |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 1844, ________ won the presidency over Henry Clay. Before the election, however, John Tyler in an attempt to give his troubled presidency some lift, secured the two-thirds vote from the ______ in order to allow Texas to become apart of the U.S. in ____. |
|
Definition
James K. Polk,
senate,
1845 |
|
|
Term
| The ______ line in Oregon was jointly owned by Britain, who had string ties to the ____________ river. British also had strong occupation in Oregon, seen by Hudson's Bay Company which was a British and successful __________ company. America had a foothold in Oregon as well, through exploration and the _________ expedition |
|
Definition
54-40,
Columbia,
fur trading,
Lewis and Clark expedition |
|
|
Term
| For years, british and american settlers in Oregon lived in harmony. Although, that changed when in the 1840's "Oregon Fever" struck and thousands of Americans traveled west by means of the ____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Britain finally succumbed to negotiations over Oregon territory because of the increase of the American _________ in the area. The agreement was that Oregon was to be split at the _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| James K. Polk was sponsored by __________ when he ran for the presidency. Polk supported/started the uprising of _________________, the belief that God Almighty had destined the American people to expand. Polk's victory was seen as a sign to go forward with expansion. Henry Clay cost himself the election by not talking a firm stand on the issue of ________, by writing a series of letters that were contradictory in order to appeal to the North and South |
|
Definition
Andrew Jackson,
Manifest Destiny,
Texas |
|
|
Term
| James K. Polk had four immediate goals he wanted to achieve in his presidency, and he was successful in all of them; ____________,___________,_______________, and ____________ |
|
Definition
creating a lower tariff,
restoring the independent treasury,
clearing up the oregon border issue,
and gaining California |
|
|
Term
| Polk and ________________ (secretary of the treasury) worked together to lower the tariff from __% to __%. It was possible thanks to the large support from ___________. This tariff was known as the ___________ of ____, and it proved an excellent revenue producer because it was followed by large _______. The tariff's success proved ___________ claiming economic despair WRONG |
|
Definition
Robert J. Walker,
32% to 25%,
southerners,
the Walker Tariff of 1846,
imports,
notherners |
|
|
Term
| Polk was able to restore the independent treasury, despite ________ in ___________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| California was seen as America's gateway to the Pacific Ocean. Among it's residents, there were about 13,000 __________, and over 75,000 ____________. Less than 1,000 of the residents were "foreigners", which were mainly American |
|
Definition
Mexicans,
displaced Indians, |
|
|
Term
| Tensions with Mexico and the U.S. were high before the war even started, because the U.S. had power over them since they had a $3 million dollar claim against the Mexicans for ________ to American citizens. Mexico had formally agreed to assume most of it's debt, however had been forced to default. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Mexican government threatened war if the U.S. was to acquire Texas. They recalled their _________ from the U.S. following the annexation of Texas into the union. Therefore, ______________ were severed. |
|
Definition
minister,
diplomatic relations |
|
|
Term
| Mexico still owned California. The U.S. decided they would try to buy the land peacefully, and if that didn't work then they would go to war. Polk sent ________ to Mexico City to make an offering of ___ million dollars for California. Mexico was upset over Texas, and declined our offer. War on Mexico was called due to __________, the rejection of _________'s offer to purchase California, and an attack that was made in early 1846 on Zachary Taylor's command resulting in ___ dead |
|
Definition
John Slidell,
25 million,
unpaid claims,
John Slidell,
16 |
|
|
Term
| On January 13, ____, James Polk ordered ___________ to lead four thousand men to invade the Rio Grande border. Once this happened, Polk demanded to declare war. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In response, to Polk's call to war, _________ wrote the spot resolutions in which he questioned Polk's claims. He demanded to know the precise _______ american blood was shed. He was reluctant to vote for war because he wanted to know exactly which nation ______ the disputed land. |
|
Definition
Abraham Lincoln,
spot (location/place),
owned |
|
|
Term
| It is hard to say at to whether James K. Polk provoked the war, because __________ were adement to fight. Americans, particularly ____________ were hoping to teach Mexicans a lesson. The Mexicans had a considerable _____, and boasting about _________ the U.S., freeing the slaves, and taking down the Americans. |
|
Definition
both sides,
southwestern expansionists,
army,
invading |
|
|
Term
| Exiled Mexican dictator ________ made it known that if the U.S. allowed him back into Mexico he would __________ his country. However, Polk was tricked when he allowed him back into Mexico; Rather, __________ rallied the Mexican troops against the U.S. forces |
|
Definition
Santa Anna,
double-cross,
Santa Anna |
|
|
Term
| Phase 1 of the war was to gain California. ______________ led 1,700 troops Santa Fe. He captured that post, and then headed to San Diego. He was joined in California soon later by ___________, an explorer, who named California the "Bear Flag Republic". ____________ led a naval force, who declared California was won for good. |
|
Definition
Stephen W. Kearny,
John C. Fremont,
Commodore Sloat |
|
|
Term
| Phase 2 of the war was to win the fighting in Texas. __________ scored us many victories against the Mexicans, notably at ___________ where Santa Anna was defeated once and for all. |
|
Definition
Zachary Taylor,
Buena Vista |
|
|
Term
| Phase 3 of the war was to take Mexico City. ____________ was sent to Mexico City, because Polk knew he could handle the job. He travled from __________ to Mexico City, and conquered the capital |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Along with Winfeild Scott's forces into Mexico City, Polk sent in the diplomat _________ with him so that way an official peace treaty could be signed once our _______ were met. This treaty was known as the ______________, and we gained a lot from it. First of, it ended the _____. Second, the _____________ allotted us to formally gain California and also many future states (NV, AZ, NM, CO, & UT). Third, we'd pay ____ million for the land, but gain ___ million in debts owed by Mexico. |
|
Definition
Nicholas Trist,
demands,
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo,
war,
Mexican Cession,
15 million,
3.5 million |
|
|
Term
| The Mexican War was a small one in our history- only ______ men died, mostly from disease. The rewards of the war however were numerous. America was increased by _____, larger than that of the Louisiana Purchase. The war warmed up leading war generals of the Civil War, such as _________ and __________. |
|
Definition
13,000 men,
1/3.
Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant, |
|
|
Term
| However, not everything was good about the Mexican war. It marked a turning point for the _______ of Latinas and Americans. Mexico remained bitter about the loss of their lands for some time. As well, it left the U.S. with the looming question of whether or not _______ should be allowed in these new lands- a question that raised a lot of tension for the country. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____________ (The representative from PA) proposed the ______________ which suggested that the Mexican Cession lands be ________ to slavery. The H.O.R. passed it, however due to the balance in the Senate and more so the outrage of _________, it did not pass in the senate. Although it is a failed amendment, it provides truth in the statement that _________ was still a major debate driving towards the civil war. |
|
Definition
David Wilmont,
Wilmont Proviso,
closed,
southerners,
slavery |
|
|
Term
| The Mexican _________ opened a can of worms for the U.S. which was the issue of slavery in the gained regions. Whigs and Democrats alike decided to ______ the issue, in hopes no one would be offended. Obviously, this wouldn't last. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the election of 1848, Polk decided he would not run again. The Democrats nominated ____________, a veteran of the War of 1812. His opinions on slavery was generally well liked. He believed in ______________, which allowed the people of that territory to decide for themselves whether to allow slavery in their state. The common man liked it because it accorded with the democratic principle of ____________, while politicians liked it because it enabled them to _______________. |
|
Definition
Lewis Cass,
popular sovereignty,
self-determination,
do nothing/take a neutral stance |
|
|
Term
| In the election of 1848 the Whigs nominated ______________. He had no political experience, but his popularity as "__________________" earned him the nomination. |
|
Definition
Zachary Taylor,
hero of Buena VIsta |
|
|
Term
| Due to the lack of discussion of slavery by the 1848 election candidate, Northerners formed the _____________ party. They nominated ___________, and the party took a strict position against slavery. |
|
Definition
Free Soil Party,
Martin Van Buren |
|
|
Term
| The Free Soil Party attracted many different people: It attracted _________ who disliked Polk's reduction of a protective tariff. It attracted people upset over gaining merely half of _______ but all of Texas, because it suggested ______________. It attracted racist people who did not want _________ in the new territory. It also attracted "______________" who condemned slavery on moral grounds. |
|
Definition
industrialists,
Oregon,
southern dominance,
slaves/african americans,
Conscience Whigs |
|
|
Term
| The Free Soil Party is noted for going above and beyond anti-slavery groups because they broadened their appeal by advocating federal aid for __________ and _________ for settlers out west. The Free Soil Party prepared the way for the __________ party. |
|
Definition
internal improvements,
free land,
repubulican |
|
|
Term
| At Sutter's Mill in 1848, ____ was first discovered in California. Once it got out, (in ____) thousands of "Forty-Niners" flooded to California in hopes of getting rich quick. Many of those people failed in their quest. The ones that ended up getting rich were those meant to __________ the miners, such as owners of general stores, bars, bakeries, etc. In result to the large rush of people, California drafted a constitution for itself in _____ that excluded slavery. They then boldly applied to Congress for admission into the union. In being a free state, California received heavy fire from __________. More importantly, it ________ the country in a 15-15 tie on the issue of slavery. |
|
Definition
gold,
1849,
accommidate,
1849,
southerners,
balanced |
|
|
Term
| In 1850, there was a solid balance between free states an slave states. The South worried about being under attack however, despite how they had equality in the _______ so they could deny any northern "attacks", and the ___________ favored them. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The South believed they were under attack because _________ marked a tie in the country of free/slave states, Northerners were fighting to abolish slavery in __________, _______ owned the disputed regions of New Mexico and Colorado, and the increase of ____________. |
|
Definition
California,
Washington D.C.,
Texas,
runaway slaves |
|
|
Term
| The issue of runaway slaves was most bothersome to the South. The ________ law set in 1793 (to capture runaway slaves) was inadequate and rarely carried out. The South took this as a huge personal offense. The _______________ was a secret route that led many slaves from the south to the north and eventually _________. ___________ was the most famous "conductor" of runaway slaves, as she helped to lead over ____ slaves to freedom. |
|
Definition
Fugitive Slave Law,
Underground Railroad,
Canada,
Harriet Tubman,
300 |
|
|
Term
| Southern fears were at an all time high. In October 1849, southerners announced their intention to convene the following year to consider _______________. The crisis led to a congressional forum like no other before it, boasting the assemblage of the "___________" of Henry Clay, John Calhoun, and Daniel Webster all making their cases. |
|
Definition
withdrawing,
infinite trio |
|
|
Term
| Henry Clay, the "Great Compromiser", offered a series of ___________ as his solution to avoid disunion. He urged both the North and South make ________ and that the North partially yield by enacting a more effective ________ law. Notably, Henry Clay's ideas were supported by ____________, AKA "Little Giant". |
|
Definition
compromises,
concessions,
fugitive-slave law,
stephen douglass |
|
|
Term
| John Calhoun, "The Great Nullifier", supported the ________ in his solution to disunion. He rejected Clay's argument saying that it was inadequate to guard ________ rights. He spoke to leave slavery alone, ______ runaway slaves, give the _______ it's minority rights, and restore political balance. |
|
Definition
South,
southerner's rights,
return,
South |
|
|
Term
| Daniel Webster supported the _______ in his solution to disunion. However, in what was considered his best speech, Daniel Webster argued in his __________ speech for the ______ to compromise on the issues. Free-Soilers and abolitionists called Webster a ______ after his famous speech, a famous example being the poet _______. |
|
Definition
North,
Seventh of March speech,
North,
traitor,
Whittier |
|
|
Term
| At this time period, there were a group of rising politicians called the "__________" that believed in purifying the country. The leader of them was ___________, a senator from New York. He was strongly against slavery, and against _________. He believed legislators should obey God's morals, and follow a "__________" that is above the constitution. His beliefs cost him a presidential nomination in 1860. |
|
Definition
Young Guard,
William Seward,
compromise,
higher law |
|
|
Term
| In 1850, Zachary Taylor died while in office, making his vice president _____________ now in charge. In his death, the ability for compromise grew. The _______________ emerged soon after. Clay, Webster, and Douglass were all able to convince the North to compromise. The southerners were still wary at first, but eventually agree. The greatest political winner of the compromise was the _________. |
|
Definition
Millard Fillmore,
The Compromise of 1850,
North |
|
|
Term
| Out of the COmpromise of 1850, the North received the most benefit. First of all, __________ was admitted as a free state, which tipped the balance of the country towards free states. _______ gave up it's claims to lands they disputed with Mexico with. Slave trade in the ____________ was banned, however slavery was still legal. It is important because it showed the U.S. taking a stance against slave trade. Although, it was _________ because it meant one just had to go to the next state over to buy a slave. |
|
Definition
California,
Texas,
District of Columbia,
impractical |
|
|
Term
| The South gained a few things from the Compromise of 1850, however, not all of it was promising. The first thing they gained was _________ in the Mexican cession lands. This was good for the South because it opened for the possibility of ________ slave lands, however it was bad for the south because it wasn't _________ and MAINLY those lands under discussion were too _____ to raise cotton and therefore there was no point to having them be slave states |
|
Definition
popular sovereignty,
increased/new,
certain,
dry |
|
|
Term
| The second thing the South gained from the Compromise of 1850 was that the state of ______ was paid _________ in order to accomodate for the land they lost to New Mexico. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most controversial gain of the South from the Compromise of 1850 was the new and improved Fugitive Slave Law (the "______________"). It stated that caught slaves couldn't be given ________ rights if caught. The federal commissioner who handled the case of a fugitive would receive ___ if the runaway were freed, and ____ if returned, which was a straight up BRIBE. Northerners who aided the freedom of a slave were liable to ______ and __________. Officials were demanded to catch runaway slaves despite their moral ________. |
|
Definition
Bloodhound Bill,
due process,
$5,
$10,
heavy fines and jail time,
convictions |
|
|
Term
| Northerners hated being forced to capture slaves by the new Fugitive Slave Law. _______________ made it a penal offense to enforce the new federal statute. Other states passed _____________ laws which denied jails to ___________ and the laws stated that officials didn't have to chase and return fugitive slaves |
|
Definition
Massachusetts,
Personal Liberty laws,
federal officials, |
|
|
Term
| Southerners were outraged by the Personal Liberty Laws because they _______ the purpose of the new Fugitive Slave Law, which was supposed to be one of their ___________ from the compromise. |
|
Definition
defied,
major concessions/gains |
|
|
Term
| At the end of the day, the NORTH gained the most from the compromise of 1850- The __________ of slave to free states tipped towards free, the new _____________ wasn't largely enforced (the original/older one was first passed in _____ but wasn't enforced either) , and it gave the North time to build up their ___________ before the civil war |
|
Definition
balance,
Fugitive Slave Law,
1793,
resources |
|
|
Term
| In the election of ____, the democrats nominated newcomer ________. He wasn't a famous leader, but because of his inconspicuous nature and yet northern background he had no _________. |
|
Definition
1852,
Franklin Pierce,
enemies |
|
|
Term
| The Whigs nominated ___________ as their candidate in the election of 1852. The Whigs were separated however on the party platform as well as on their new presidential candidate. Northern Whigs ______ the candidate, but ________ the party platform. Southern Whigs _____ the candidate, but ________ the party platform. This divide of the Whigs led to their official downfall, and the election of 1852 was the last we see of the Whig party. |
|
Definition
Winfield Scott,
liked the candidate but hated the part platform,
hated the candidate but liked the party platform, |
|
|
Term
| Another contribution to the failure of the Whig party was the candidate John P. Hale of the __________. He earned __% of the northern vote, which tipped the scales away from W. Scott and towards F. Pierce. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thanks to the Mexican War, and the Gold Rush, there was a revigorated surge for Manifest Destiny. Increasing British encroachment in South America drove the United States to make a treaty with Britain. This treaty was the ___________ treaty, and it stated the American right of transit across the __________ in return for permanent ___________ over the area without the other's agreement. Eventually, this treaty is known for being a major roadblock in the building of the _____________. |
|
Definition
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty,
isthmus,
neutrality,
The Panama Canal |
|
|
Term
| In the 1850's, the south craved new slave states after being blocked by the Compromise of 1850 to establish new slave states out west. In the summer of ____, a man named __________ led an effort to establish south american countries as slave states |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In particular, William Walker tried to take control of the country of _____________. He traveled there with a small armed force in order to officially name himself ________ and legalize _________. A ___________ of central american nations formed an alliance, and succeeded in _________ and ____________ William Walker. |
|
Definition
Nicaragua,
president,
slavery,
coalition,
overthrowing and executing |
|
|
Term
| Another south american country the south was eyeing was _______. The reason they sought it because it was rich in _____, already held a large _____________ of enslaved blacks, and it held the potential to be broken into multiple states thus restoring balance in the _______. |
|
Definition
Cuba,
sugar,
population,
Senate |
|
|
Term
| Previously, President Polk had offered __________ dollars to buy Cuba, however he was rejected. Because of this failure, two groups of _________ (pirates) invaded Cuba to try and takeover. However, they miserably failed and many of them were killed. The Southerners were so distraught over this loss that an angry mobbed sacked Spain's ____________ in New Orleans |
|
Definition
100 million,
filibustero,
consolate |
|
|
Term
| Spanish officers in Cuba forced a showdown in ___ when they seized an American steamer called _________. After this incident, the president had a choice to go to war to gain Cuba. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In secret, delegates from Spain, England, and French met in Ostend in order to make a deal. The result was the _________, which stated that the U.S. would offer ____ dollars to claim Cuba. If Spain were to _____ it, then the U.S. would be justified in taking Cuba by force. |
|
Definition
Ostend Manifesto,
120 million dollars,
reject |
|
|
Term
| The Ostend Manifesto leaked out, and it outraged ___________. They believed that the _______ theory was more alive than ever and following it they decided to rise up against it. Franklin Pierce immediatly dropped it's cause of the manifesto. |
|
Definition
Northerners/Free Soilers,
slavocracy |
|
|
Term
| Following British example, America sought trade ports in Asia. ____________ was sent to China to make a deal with China to find concessions in the area for the U.S. The Chinese diplomats signed the Treaty of ________ which allowed the U.S. trading terms. This was the first formal diplomatic agreement between China and the U.S. |
|
Definition
Caleb Cushing,
Treaty of Wanghia, |
|
|
Term
| The success in China inspired to make such negotiations with Japan. In 1852, President _________ dispatched a fleet of warships commanded by _________. The initial arrival of Americans _________ the Japanese, although ________ requesting free trade and friendship with the Japanese was offered. After a year to hear their reply, the U.S. returned to Japan to persuade them to sign. Through this mix of ______ and ______, we persuaded the Japanese to sign the treaty of ____________________. It provided for proper treatment of ____________, American ________ rights in Japan, and the establishment of _________ relations. |
|
Definition
Millard Fillmore,
Commodore Matthew Perry,
startled,
letters,
force and diplomacy,
Treaty of Kanagawa,
shipwrecked sailors,
coaling rights,
consular relations |
|
|
Term
| With the gained land of Oregon and California, the country needed a train line to these places. However, there was only enough money to pay for one railroad line- a railroad line both the North and South wanted to benefit from. The _______ especially wanted it because economically the _______ was ahead of them |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With the gained land of Oregon and California, the country needed a train line to these places. However, there was only enough money to pay for one railroad line- a railroad line both the North and South wanted to benefit from. The _______ especially wanted it because economically the _______ was ahead of them |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eventually, the Southern route was deemed the best because there were less _________, more ________ land which enabled the U.S. Army could repel any ______ attacks. If the North gained the railway, it would go through _________, intense & dense Indian territory |
|
Definition
mountains,
organized land,
Indians,
Nebraska |
|
|
Term
| ____________, a prominent Southern railroad man, was sent to Mexico to make a deal for the land needed to make the southern railroad line. The ___________ bought the southern chunk of present _______ and _________ for 10 million dollars. |
|
Definition
James Gadsen,
The Gadsen Purchase,
Arizona and New Mexico |
|
|
Term
| ____________ was an Illinois senator who wanted the railroad to be in _______, so he proposed the _______________ act in order to allow him to move the railroad north. |
|
Definition
Stephen Douglass,
Chicago,
Kansas-Nebraska Act |
|
|
Term
| The Kansas-Nebraska act proposed to split the territory of __________ into two different territories at the _______ line. Each new state would determine whether it be a free or slave state by ____________, a method often liked by Democrats. The South jumped at the chance to gain another slave state, so __________ pushed whole heartedly for the act. |
|
Definition
Nebraska,
36-30 line,
popular sovereignty,
Franklin Pierce |
|
|
Term
| For the Kansas-Nebraska Act to pass, it would have to repeal __________ of 1820 first because it forbade ________ above the 36-30 line. Northeners despised this effort, and so to make his goals come to fruition Douglas _____________ with a lot of support from _______. The bill passed in ____, repealed ___________, and allowed Kansas and Nebraska to become their own territories. |
|
Definition
The Missouri Compromise of 1820,
slavery,
quickly rushed the bill through congress,
Southerners,
1856,
the Missouri Compromise |
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Term
| Along with the MIssouri Compromise, the Kansas-Nebraska act broke the ________________ by reopening the issue of _______. |
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Definition
Compromise of 1850,
slavery |
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Term
| The Kansas-Nebraska act also helped to create ___________. Anyone who had an anti-slavery agenda, such as free-soilers, whigs,democrats, and know-nothings joined this group |
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Definition
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Term
| Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote _________, in 1852. It was inspired by her outrage against the Fugitive Slave Law. The book was wildly popular, particularly in the _______. They considered it a light being shed on the truth of the southern situation. The ______ believed to be an unfair and crude representation. Particularly, they said it was a _______ representation because Stowe had never been to the South. |
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Definition
Uncle Tom's Cabin,
North,
South,
false |
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Term
| Uncle Tom's Cabin provided a service to the North by later stopping ________ from joining the Civil War on the Southern side. This book showed Britain that if they helped the South, _________ might not agree, and therefore they should remain neutral. |
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Definition
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Term
| Hinton Helper wrote ___________, a book that was more a moderate and logical view on the predicament of slavery. Helper was against ________, ________, and ________. His case was that slavery hurt ____________ in the South. This book was banned by Southern States because they believed it would turn __________ against the Southern cause. |
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Definition
The Impending Crisis,
slavery, african americans, AND aristocratic whites.
non-slave owning whites,
non-slave owning whites |
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Term
| Because the new territory of Kansas was open to _________, it was a new slavery battleground. The unspoken agreement was that Kansas would become a _____ state, however, there was an effort to prevent this. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ Northern settlers traveled to Kansas to prevent the influence of the Southerners. Organizations such as the new England Emigrant Aid Company helped supply the settlers with powerful guns. These rifles were nicknamed "____________" because it was Henry Beecher who helped purchase them. |
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Definition
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Term
| To the South, it appeared the North was trying to ____ the unspoken agreement made over Kansas. So, they started moving _____ groups of settlers into Kansas to counteract the efforts of the North. |
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Definition
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Term
| When the election of the Kansas legislature came around the vote was ultimately to decide if Kansas should be a free or slave state. Southern "_________" jumped into Kansas from Missouri to vote for the Southern cause. Due to this, they won the election for Kansas to become a _____ state. The South established a government at ___________. |
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Definition
border ruffians,
slave,
Shawnee Mission |
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Term
| Free-soilers in Kansas were outraged, so they dispersed and established their own government in ________. This created two governments in kansas, each with completely opposing opinions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tensions in Kansas escalated because the opposing sides were starting to fight over __________. An incident occurred where pro-slavery men, led by outlaw __________, burnt down the free-soiler town of ________, Kansas. |
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Definition
land claims,
William Quantrill,
Lawrence, Kansas |
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Term
| Following the fire in Lawrence, Kansas, ________ gathered a small group of men together to take revenge on Southerners. He and a few other men killed and chopped up __ slavery supporters. Ultimately, his actions besmirched the _________ party and gave Kansas the nickname "______________" |
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Definition
John Brown,
5,
Free-Soil,
Bleeding Kansas |
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Term
| In the year _____, Kansas was large enough to become a state. Despite the large free-soil populus, the pro-slavery government wrote up the _____________ to be approved in order to among other things establish slavery in Kansas. |
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Definition
1856,
Lecompton Constitution |
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Term
| If the Lecompton Constitution were to be approved, regardless if it was approved with or without slavery, slaves would still be allowed in Kansas because of a remaining __________ from the ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The Lecompton Constitution was approved by president __________, however the Senate had to approve it. _____________ led the opposition in the Senate against the constitution, because he felt it didn't represent _________. It was his efforts that prevented the Constitution from being passed. |
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Definition
James Buchanan,
Stephen Douglass,
popular sovereignty |
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Term
| The ramifications of the Lecompton Constitution denial were great. First off, it left the _________ party terribly divided over the fact their party leader in the White House, James Buchanan, sided against them and antagonized them. __________ was left in a limbo state- not a state nor a territory. Finally, the question of slavery was still left unanswered |
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Definition
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Term
| In Congress, the tensions in "Bleeding Kansas" inspired the controversy of the ____________ incident between ________ and __________. |
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Definition
Brooks-Sumner incident,
Charles Sumner,
Preston Brooks |
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Term
| Charles Sumner, (an unpopular representative for his personality), delivered a speech entitled "__________" in which he criticized the cause of slavery, and southern men, in particular the popular southern congressman __________. |
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Definition
The Crime Against Kansas,
Andrew Butler, |
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Term
| Preston Brooks, who was related to Andrew Butler, took great offense to Sumner's speech. In the middle of Congress, Preston Brooks ____________ (what he did to Sumner). From Brook's actions, Sumner was severely injured. |
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Definition
| beat Charles Sumner with his cane |
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Term
| The results from the Brooks-Sumner incident were enormous. Sumner needed _____ years to recover. Despite his absence, he was still ________ for senate. Preston Brooks ________, but was later voted back into Congress. Sumner's "Crime Against Kansas" speech became very popular in the ______. Brooks became a southern "________" for his actions. Most importantly, it made clear that there was no chance for __________ |
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Definition
three,
re-elected,
resigned from Congress,
North,
"cult hero",
compromise |
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Term
| In the election of ____, there were three main candidates: The Democrats chose __________, because he was "Kansas-less", AKA he was not affiliated with _________. The Republicans chose ___________. The American Party was a newcomer to the race, and hoped to re-elect ex. president ____________. |
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Definition
1856,
James Buchanhan,
the Kansas-Nebraska act,
John Fremont,
Martin Fillmore, |
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Term
| Something that hurt Fremont's chances in the election of 1856 was that he was accused of being __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ won the election of 1856. A large reason for his victory was the threat of the South to _______ if Fremont was elected. Wary Northerners were worried over the South's claim, so they voted for him. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Chief Justice __________ led the __________ decision in March of ____. |
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Definition
Roger Taney,
Dred Scott,
1857 |
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Term
| Dred Scott was a slave from ________ whose owner moved with Scott to Illinois and Wisconsin (________), and then back to Missouri. Dred Scott was suing his owner for his _______ because due to him living in free states, he was entitled to it |
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Definition
Missouri,
BOTH FREE STATES,
freedom |
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Term
| The first trial of the Dred Scott decision ruled that Dred Scott (and furthermore _________) was not a ______ and therefore was not entitled to sue. |
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Definition
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Term
| The case could have been thrown out after the decision, however a southern majority decided to continue the trial. In the second part of the trial, they claimed that slaves were ________ and according to the ___ amendment they could not deprive people of their property without _____________. |
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Definition
private property,
5th,
due process of the law |
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Term
| The court then went farther in the trial, stating that the _____________ had been unconstitutional all along because it defied the ___ amendment (specifically the previous claim of the court), despite the fact it had been repealed for three years at that time. |
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Definition
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Term
| The entire Dred Scott situation in particular was a large victory for the South and a loss for the North. moreover, it revealed just how much the _________, _________. and __________ favored the South. A greater tension was between the two regions. |
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Definition
Constitution,
Supreme Court,
president |
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Term
| Adding to the chaos of the time was the Panic of _____. The causes for this panic were: _________ caused by California gold, over-production of ______ and ____________ in land and railroads. At this time, _______ businesses failed in just ONE YEAR. The ______ was hit the hardest, while the _______ economy remained strong. |
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Definition
1857,
inflation,
grain,
over-speculation,
5,000 businesses,
North,
Southern |
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Term
| At the same time of this financial crises, a ________ act was passed by Congress, yet vetoed by the president. It's goal was to provide _____ western acres for purchase. The fear was that the west would fill up with _________ |
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Definition
Homestead Act,
160,
free-soilers |
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Term
| The tariff rate also went up at the time of the Panic of 1857. The new rates established by the ___________ had recently been reduced to __%, however due to Southern complaints a new law raised the tariff |
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Definition
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Term
| Despite Stephan Douglass being considered the best debater in the country, __________ challenged him to a series of __ debates across Illinois. |
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Definition
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Term
| The most noteworthy of the "Lincoln-Douglass debates" was in the town of _________, Illinois. Lincoln asked Douglass the question, "If the people voted against slavery, despite the Supreme Court saying they could not do that, who would be right? The people or the Supreme court?" The response to this question became known as the _________________. |
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Definition
Freeport, Illinois,
The Freeport Doctrine |
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Term
| Douglass favored towards the _________, saying that since they held the ultimate power, slavery should be _________ if they voted so. |
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Definition
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Term
| Douglass's Freeport Doctrine won him the senate race in Illinois, however his comments prevented him from winning the presidency. The Freeport Doctrine along with the outcome of the ______________ thanks to Douglass lost him brownie points with the South- and therefore the election |
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Definition
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Term
| In the 1860 election, the split Democratic party ended up nominating two different candidates. The Northern Democrats nominated _________, while southern democrats nominated ____________. The Know-Nothings nominated __________. The Republicans nominated ____________. |
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Definition
Stephen Douglass,
John Beckenridge,
John Bell,
Abraham Lincoln |
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Term
| The the time of the 1860 election, Abraham Lincoln was NOT an abolitionist. Up to ____, he merely wanted to compensate the owners of free slaves with money instead of hunting after them. However, after his praised comments that were on record, he avoided admitting this in order to prevent ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Lincoln only received __% of the vote, yet he still won the presidency. He wasn't even allowed on Southern ballots! |
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Definition
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Term
| During the campaign of 1860, _________ proposed they would succeed from the Union if Abraham Lincoln won the presidency. When he won, they were the first to go in _________ of ____. |
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Definition
South Carolina,
December of 1860 |
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Term
| Following South Carolina's succession, six other states followed over the following ___ weeks. These states met in ______________ in February of 1861 and formed the _______________. NAME THE SIX STATES THAT SUCCEEDED WITH SOUTH CAROLINA: |
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Definition
six weeks,
Montgomery, Alabama
Confederate States of America,
Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Texas, and Louisiana |
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Term
| No action was really taken to stop/prevent the succession of these states from the Union. Abraham Lincoln was in a "_________" period during that time, so he wasn't technically in office yet, therefore incapable of making firm action. President Buchanan did NOTHING. |
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Definition
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Term
| James Buchanan's rationale for not trying to prevent the succession of seven states from the union were: The need for our troops to be ______ in order to fight _________, the ___________ lack of will to use force, his hopes to hold out in order to make ________, and basically that soon this problem wouldn't be his but rather ____________'s problem so it wasn't his problem to solve |
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Definition
out west,
Indians,
Northerners,
peaceful settlement,
Abraham Lincoln's |
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Term
| There were many reasons that Southern States succeeded: First, the felt __________ leaning towards the Northerners. They believed that the __________ party was threatening their rights. They were weary of ____________ causes. They believed no one would care if they followed through with succession, and that the North wouldn't take action to stop them because of their deemed high dependance on the success of the Southern ___________. They believed starting a new nation would enable them to mature __________ as well. |
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Definition
political balance,
Republican,
abolitionist,
economy,
economically |
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Term
| A final attempt at compromise was made by _____________ of Kentucky. He created the ______________, which proposed to extend the old Missouri Compromise line of ____; That north of the line would be free, below it slave state, END OF STORY. Abraham Lincoln however had run on a pledge strictly against slavery and was determined to not go back on his word, so the compromise got nowhere without Lincoln's support. |
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Definition
James Crittendon,
Crittendon Compromise,
36-30, |
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