Term
| George Washington created the "______", which were a group of his advisers for certain things. There were four departments, which were... All of these were represented in the constitution with the quote "________" |
|
Definition
cabinet,
treasury, state, war, and justice,
"...to form a more perfect union" |
|
|
Term
| The Judiciary Act of 1789 was what created the ________ under the U.S. constitution. This was established by _______, and appealed to the quote in the constitution,"_______" |
|
Definition
Federal Court System,
George Washington,
"...to establish justice" |
|
|
Term
| In order to fix the economy, Alexander Hamilton (___________) wanted to establish ____, raise money with _____, create the ______________ to organize government money, assist American _________, and establish a single U.S. _________. |
|
Definition
the secretary of the treasury,
credit,
taxes,
National Bank of the United States,
manufacturing and industry,
currency |
|
|
Term
| Hamilton's economic policies led to many disputes, such as the _________. There were certain deals due to him, such as moving the national capitol city _____ to win "__________". his policies helped to create divide, therefore the federalist and anti-federalist causes |
|
Definition
Whiskey Rebellion,
south, assumption, |
|
|
Term
| In response to the french revolution, George Washington created the ______________. Many Americans were divided on this. So, he then sent ______ to G.B., which created _______. This was surprisingly beneficial, because it led to the _________ with Spain after he pushed Jay's treaty in senate. |
|
Definition
Proclamation of Neutrality,
Jay's Treaty,
Pinckney's Treaty |
|
|
Term
| In his ___________, George Washington in which he tried to state his advice about the future. He made the points to _______, _________, and stay _________ but ________. |
|
Definition
no entangling alliances,
beware political parties or young government,
we need to remained unified but careful |
|
|
Term
| After Washington, _____ tried to remain neutral. However, due to rising problems with France and their attacks on our ships, we entered an __________ with France. |
|
Definition
John Adams,
undeclared naval war |
|
|
Term
| France was upset about Jay's Treaty and the Neutrality Agreement. So, when Pres. ____ sent U.S. delegates to smooth things over, they were rejected. And then,three undercover men said that if they received a formal apology from Pres. _____, France received a ______, and they gave the men a _____, that the delegates could talk to the french official _______. The delegates ________ and came back to the U.S., where the public rejoiced. The papers named it the ___________. |
|
Definition
Adams,
Adams,
loan,
bribe,
Talleyrand,
refused,
the XYZ Affair |
|
|
Term
| To try and control the quarreling nation, Adams established the _____________, which were compromised of four different acts: ________, ___________, ________, and ___________. |
|
Definition
Alien and Sedition Acts,
Naturalization Acts,
Alien Act,
Alien Enemies Act,
Sedition Act |
|
|
Term
| The Naturalization Act required residency for "naturalized" citizens from ____ to _____ years. The Anti-Feds cried foul at this because they were gaining many _________ as new members |
|
Definition
five to fourteen,
poor farmer/immigrants |
|
|
Term
| The Alien Act allowed the president to deport any _____ regarded as dangerous to the public peace or safety without _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alien Enemies Act allowed the president to arrest or deport any aliens __________ in time of a declared war (this was meant to be an insurance measure in case we entered a war with ______) |
|
Definition
subject to an enemy power,
France |
|
|
Term
| The Sedition Act made it illegal to aid or attempt _______ or _______. A fine and/or ________ was liable to anyone convicted of this |
|
Definition
riot or "unlawful assembly"
imprisonment |
|
|
Term
| Following the revolution, separation of church and state was important. __________ led his co-reformers in ______ to pass the statute for religious freedom |
|
Definition
Thomas Jefferson,
Virginia |
|
|
Term
| ________ founded the first antislavery society in ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Continental Congress called for abolition of ______. Most states responded positively, even ____ with it's plantations. However, southern states still wanted slavery. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Women were slowly gaining rights. Abigail Adams joked to her husband, John Adams, that women would ___________ if _________. |
|
Definition
form a rebellion of their own,
if not given political rights |
|
|
Term
| Due to the expansion of the idea of "__________" women were entrusted the education of the young generation. For this reason, __________ was becoming more accessable to women in order to ____ future generations. This was the idea of ___________. |
|
Definition
civic virtue,
education,
teach,
republican motherhood |
|
|
Term
| The Continental Congress in 1776 called upon the colonies to draft a ______. In doing so, they were hoping the colonies would form independent _______ and the __________ of these states would rest on the people |
|
Definition
constitution,
states,
sovereignty |
|
|
Term
| _________ contributed to an important part of the eventual federal constitution; The capability to alter the constitution if a formal __________ was called |
|
Definition
Massachusetts,
constitutional convention |
|
|
Term
| Economically, the biggest setback at the time was the fact that American ships were barred from ______ and _________ harbors. ________ were disrupted. However, positively, America could now ______ with foreign countries |
|
Definition
British and British West Indies,
Fisheries,
trade |
|
|
Term
| Shortly before declaring independence, the Second Continental Congress appointed a committee to draft a constitution. The result was the _____________. |
|
Definition
| The Articles of Confederation |
|
|
Term
| The Northwest Ordinance allowed for immigrants and colonists to move _____, as well as lent more land to _______ and _________. This helped to have the ____________ pass |
|
Definition
west,
Maryland and Virginia,
Articles of Confederation pass |
|
|
Term
| There were a lot of weaknesses to the Articles of Confederation: First of all, there was no ________ branch. States only had ______ vote to them, which prevented unanimous vote of important bills. If thy were about to have gotten anything done, this might have led to the ________ not being formed |
|
Definition
executive branch,
one,
constitution |
|
|
Term
| The Articles of Confederation allowed for no regulation of _____, which allowed for states to establish different AND __________ laws regarding tariffs and navigation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Articles of Confederation held no ability to enforce a _________. It established a quota for each state, but they were allowed to contribute on a _________ basis. Congress barely received a _______of the quotas. |
|
Definition
tax system,
voluntary basis,
quarter |
|
|
Term
| The Articles of Confederation contained no ________. As well, all of the colonies had different _________ which made things difficult. |
|
Definition
national army,
single currency |
|
|
Term
| The Articles of Confederation did however have some successes. It was a landmark in _________, which appealed heavily to __________. It promoted ________, set up the ________, and began the __________. |
|
Definition
government,
Thomas Jefferson,
democracy,
U.S. postal service,
U.S. navy |
|
|
Term
| The Articles of Confederation were also helpful in stepping stone towards the __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Land Ordinance of 178_ provided that the acreage of the _______ be sold to provide for the growing ____ of the country. It was supposed to be split up into _______, a sixteenth section of which needed to be sold to the benefit of _________. |
|
Definition
1785
Old Northwest,
debt,
territories,
education/public schools |
|
|
Term
| The Northwest Ordinance of 178_ was focusing on the governing of the territories. At first, a territory would be governed by the ___________. Then, after sixty thousand inhabitants were in that territory, it may be admitted as a _____. |
|
Definition
1787,
federal government,
state |
|
|
Term
| _____________ led __________, a protest over the loss of farms through mortgage foreclosures and tax delinquencies. This rebellion demanded that the states issue ________, lighten ______, and suspend property _______. |
|
Definition
Captain Daniel Shay,
Shay's Rebellion,
paper money,
taxes,
property takeovers |
|
|
Term
| The _________ legislature soon passed __________ laws in order to appease people involved in Shay's Rebellion. Due to this, those of higher class believed this had sparked a "________" because of how it was a somewhat loophole through the set ___________ of the time |
|
Definition
Massachusetts,
debtor-relief,
"mobocracy",
republicanism |
|
|
Term
| Control of _______ more than any other problem led to the chain reaction to fight for the constitution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____________ called upon congress to summon a meeting to improve the Articles of Confederation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The meeting Hamilton called to revisit the Articles of Confederation was kept secret, and the delegates sent by the colonies were rather elite. Jefferson referred to these men as "_______" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The "__________" was suggested by Virginia when decided how to improve the Articles of Confederation. It pushed towards the ways of the constitution, by suggesting that representation in both houses of bicameral congress should be based on ________. |
|
Definition
large state plan,
population |
|
|
Term
| the __________ was proposed by New Jersey when determining how to improve the Articles of Confederation. It suggested that there should be ________ representation for all states, regardless of outside factors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After the debate, the Constitution led to a series of _____________. First of which, was that larger states conceded representation by population in the ____________, while the smaller states were open to equal representation in the __________. Each state would have two representatives. |
|
Definition
Great Compromises,
House of Representatives,
Senate |
|
|
Term
| The Constitution allowed for the election of the president to be done through the ____________. This allowed smaller states to have a voice just as large as bigger states. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The 3/5 Compromise was ___________ to slaves. It begged the question," Should slaves receive ______?" The _____ wanted to keep heavy influence over slaves, while the ______ didn't care because they believed slaves weren't citizens. Either way, the 3/5 compromise was created, leaving slaves without a voice. At this time, most states wanted to end slave trade, so within the compromise it stated that slave trade might continue until ____, when Congress would then shut it down. |
|
Definition
unbeneficial,
representation,
South,
North,
1807 |
|
|
Term
| The final compromise made from all of this was the __________ compromise, which eventually allowed congress to regulate _____ and tax ______, but there would be no taxes on ______. |
|
Definition
Commerce Compromise,
trade,
tax imports,
exports |
|
|
Term
| The Constitution established different and equal branches of government; The _______ branch, the _______ branch, and the ________ branch. |
|
Definition
Legislative,
Executive,
Judicial |
|
|
Term
| The founding fathers saw that certain states would veto the constituion, so they purposely changed policy so that way only ___ colonies had to approve it for the Constitution to replace the A.O.C. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The anti-federalists consisted of mainly the ________, such as farmers and immigrants. They were scared that the federal government would force then to pay off their _____. They saw a plot to steal power from the __________. |
|
Definition
poorer classes,
debts,
common folk |
|
|
Term
| Federalists mainly consisted of the __________. They had greater education and wealth. They owned the ______, which helped to spread their cause. Few newspapers supported the ___________ cause. |
|
Definition
upper class,
press,
antifederalist |
|
|
Term
| Antifederalists believed the constitution was __________ because it was drafted by the upper class. They believed freedoms of individuals were being taken away without a __________. They detested the dropping of annual _____, the creation of an _______, and the separation of _____&______. |
|
Definition
antidemocratic,
bill of rights,
elections,
national army,
church and state |
|
|
Term
| The federalists responded the the antifederalist worry of a lack of bill of rights by promising the _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The four states prominently against the constitution were... |
|
Definition
| Virginia, Rhode Island, North Carolina, and New York |
|
|
Term
| To promote the federalist cause in NY, Alexander Hamilton along with John Jay and James Madison created a series of articles known as _________ to be published in newspapers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The constitution was a _________ triumph. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____________ wrote the bill of rights apart of the Constitution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amendment ___ states that people have rights that are ________ in the bill of rights. This is nicknamed the "_________________" |
|
Definition
9,
unlisted,
People's Rights Amendment |
|
|
Term
| Amendment ____ states that any power not identified in the _______ is left to the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To create the three branches of government, George Washington created the __________ to set up the supreme court and federal court system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ became the first supreme court justice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____________ was Hamilton's idea to fully pay debts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hamilton urged the idea of __________, where the federal government would assume the states' debts. ___________ liked the idea b/c they had a lot of debt, __________ had little debt so they didn't like it. A compromise was made, where the idea would pass in MA, but not in VA. |
|
Definition
Assumption,
Massachusetts,
Virginia |
|
|
Term
| Hamilton felt the U.S. debt was a good thing because it ________ the states |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hamilton's idea to build a national bank was modeled after _______. It was meant to store _________, lend to ___________, and print _______ to stabalize the economy. __________ argued against the idea because he didn't believe it was constitutional b/c it wasn't in the constitution |
|
Definition
Britain,
government money,
lend to businesses,
print money and stabalize the economy.
Jefferson |
|
|
Term
| (The national bank debate) Jefferson believed in a __________ of the constitution, where something had to be specifically in the constitution to be followed. He believed the bank was violating the ____ amendment, and that it wasn't _______ because it wasn't in the constitution |
|
Definition
strict interpretation,
10th,
permitted |
|
|
Term
| (The national bank debate) Alexander Hamilton believed in a __________ of the constitution. He defended this by following the __________ of congress that says congress has the power to do whatever is proper and necessary to carry out it's _____. he said that congress was given the power to regulate _______ + collect _____, and to do this successfully a national bank needed to be established |
|
Definition
loose interpretation,
elastic clause,
duties,
regulate commerce and collect taxes |
|
|
Term
| _________ won the national bank argument. A _____________ was started in 1791 with a charter good for ___ years. |
|
Definition
Alexander Hamilton,
Bank of the United States,
20 |
|
|
Term
| Whiskey-makers of the frontier were unhappy with the tax Hamilton set on whiskey. So, in 1794 the _______ occurred in PA. Pres. Washington responded by sending ______ troops to stop the riot. It ended quickly. This is important because it showed _______________, unlike the kind formed from the ________________. |
|
Definition
Whiskey Rebellion,
13,000 troops,
The strength of the new government formed under the constitution,
Articles of Confederation |
|
|
Term
| Hamilton's policies led to the development of two political parties: The ________ and the ________ |
|
Definition
| Hamiltonians and the Jeffersonians |
|
|
Term
| The consensus about multiple political parties was that it hurt the situation because it created _________ however it helped because it gave individuals more ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Initially, the U.S. was _______ of the french revolution, but as it escalated things changed. The french revolution was a civil war between the _____&_____ classes of France, as well as a war with _________. |
|
Definition
supportive,
poor & rich classes,
many other european nations |
|
|
Term
| Conservatives (AKA ____________) were appaled by the revolution, while the Democratic-Republicans (AKA ___________)felt that a few deaths of nobles was worth the gain of freedom |
|
Definition
Federalists,
antifederalists |
|
|
Term
| __________ believed the U.S. should side with French in the french revolution, while the __________ believed we should side with the ______. |
|
Definition
Federalists,
Antifederalists,
Britain |
|
|
Term
| After the establishment of George Washington's ___________, an offshoot occurred, where __________ hated the decision. He believed that the Americans would overthrow the government for doing this, however he was replaced. The agreement benefitted the French, because it prevented a British ________ and allowed U.S. ________ to go to France. |
|
Definition
Neutrality Agreement,
Citizen Edmond Genet,
naval blockade,
foodstuffs |
|
|
Term
| _________ still had several frontier posts in the U.S.. __________ led an army to defeat the indians in the Battle of _________. The indians used British guns in the fight. The ______________ in 1795 was signed by the indians in order for them to give up much of their land in the Ohio River Valley |
|
Definition
Britain,
Gen. Anthony Wayne,
Battle of Fallen Timbers
The Treaty of Greeneville |
|
|
Term
| When the British navy was at war with France, they also terrorized U.S. ships. 300 U.S. ships were ________ (AKA U.S. sailors were kidnapped). Antifederalists wanted to go to war with Britain b/c of this, but Federalists wanted to remain neutral. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jay's Treaty wasn't beneficial to the U.S. The only good thing out of it was that we avoided ____. However, it meant that we had to pay our debts to Britain from ___________, England was still able to commit ___________, and they made a ________ promise to leave U.S. posts |
|
Definition
war,
from before the revolution,
impressment,
hollow promise |
|
|
Term
| The __________ was an agreement between Spain and the U.S. It was brought about because Spain wanted to keep ______ with the U.S. because they believed they were creating an alliance with Britain. This allowed the U.S. to travel down the _________ River and the disputed area of _______ |
|
Definition
Pinckney Treaty,
good will,
Mississippi River,
Florida |
|
|
Term
| The idea to go to war with France was _______, and Adams decided not to go to war. He decided to talk to __________, with which he made the _________ that said that the ___________ alliance was over and that Americans had to pay damages to ________ shippers |
|
Definition
popular,
Napolean Bonaparte,
Convention of 1800,
Franco-American Alliance was over,
french shippers |
|
|
Term
| Adams decision to not go to war with France cost him _________. Federalists made an effort to pass laws that had an upfront motive, but an underlying and bias motive fueled by _____________ ideals. These were known as the ______ and _________ acts. |
|
Definition
Federalist ideals,
Alien and Sedition acts |
|
|
Term
| In responce to the Alien and Sedition Acts, Jefferson and the Republicans wrote the _______________. This said that the government had __________ the authority the states had awarded it when it passed the Alien and Sedition Acts |
|
Definition
Kentucky and Virginia resolutions,
overstepped |
|
|
Term
| The Kentucky and Virginia resolutions were built on the ________. This term is synonymous with _________ or __________. It is a theroy that states that the states had made the _________, the federal government made the ______, and the states reserved the right to _______ those laws. |
|
Definition
compact theroy,
states' rights theroy,
nullification,
federal government,
laws,
nullify |
|
|
Term
| Federalists responded to the compact theroy by saying that it was actually the ______ and not the states that made the federal government, so states didn't have the right to nullify laws |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (Federalists versus Democratic-Republicans) The Federalists were led by _________. The cause was made up of mainly ________. They were pro-British because it supported _____, and they supported a central government run by an educated ______. They believed democracy was one step away from "_______". |
|
Definition
Alexander Hamilton,
upperclass,
trade,
elite,
"mobocracy" |
|
|
Term
| The Democratic Republic was led by _________. It consisted of mainly the __________. They felt an uneducated man could make ______ decisions and thus could run the nation and himself through voting. They supported expanding ________ to more people. They were pro-French because the French had previously _________ the U.S. against Britain |
|
Definition
Thomas Jefferson,
lower/common classes,
common-sense,
voting,
aided |
|
|
Term
| In George Washington's cabinet, the Secretary of State was ___________, the Secretary of the Treasury was ___________, and the Secretary of War was _____________. |
|
Definition
Thomas Jefferson,
Alexander Hamilton,
Henry Knox |
|
|
Term
| The major landmark in U.S. history for the seperation of church and state was the ___________ of 1786 |
|
Definition
| the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom of 1786 |
|
|
Term
| The most significant change regarding slavery brought by the American Revolution was the... |
|
Definition
| gradual abolition of slaves in the northern states |
|
|
Term
| Shay's rebellion represented the grievances of _______ and _______ |
|
Definition
| poor western farmers and debtors |
|
|
