THE "NEW" DEMOCRACY (Jacksonian):

POLITICAL

• Universal manhood sufferage: every white adult male votes; 1st state: vermont
• Active government: differ from Jeffersonians
• Party System
• Nominating Conventions
• Office holding: who is going to be elected to positions, more common men
• + more democratic
• - "mob" not educated or knowledgable but the popular less competent won

THE "NEW" DEMOCRACY (Jacksonian):

ECONOMIC

• Opposed BUS (bank of the US)
• Opposed internal improvements: opposed to tariff which brings about the improvements

THE "NEW" DEMOCRACY (Jacksonian): 

SOCIAL

• Public education: if everyone can vote then they must be educated
• Temperance Movement: anti-alcohol crusade
• Feminist Movement
• Mentally handicapped
• Abolitionist Movement: anti-slavery movement

ELECTION 1824

"corrupt bargain election"

• W: Andrew Jackson - 99 (not a majority)
• NE: J. Q. Adams -  84
• S: W Crawford - 41
• W: Henry Clay - 37; speaker of the house; not able to be voted on in the house

Gets thrown into the House

Adams wins: appoints clay as secretary of sate = scandal and rumors -> Jackson hates clay; calls him "Judas of the west"

• went against democracy
• 70% of americans did not vote for JQA

first minority president

vice-president: john c. calhoun

secretary of state: henry clay

• Jacksonite Scheme: to defeat Adams in the election create an extremely high tariff, includes wool, no matter if it passes or not it will embarrass adams
• South angry: they have to pay more for all goods and it doesnt help them. accuse it of being discriminatory and fear if such an outrageous law can pass then a much less outrageous one such as slavery will pass

• calhoun revives docterine of Nullification (secretly)
• argues that states give fed. gov't power so they should have the right to nullify laws
• don't nullify the abominable tariff

Demo: Andrew Jackson -178

National- Republic: John Q. Adams- 83 (incumbent- president in office; second incumbent to lose)

Rachel Robards Jackson

• attacks are personal
• his wife is attacked
• effects jackson's presidency
• she had been devorced (rare)
• acuse her of being adulteress and bigamist

JACKSON ADMINISTRATION: 

NULLIFICATION CRISIS: TARIFF OF 1832

1. Tariff of 1833: gradual reduction of 10% over 8 years. 

2. Force Bill: a statement that prez still has authority to enforce law

it avoided civil war!!!

SC accepts compromise, un-nullified tariff, but they nullified Force Bill

long term: whole union cus it is preserved 

SC got what it wanted without giving anything up

JACKSON ADMINISTRATION: 

BANK WAR: PHASE 1

• Election of 1832: jackson vs. clay run for election, strategy to defeat jackson- so he is going to use bank, charter doesnt expire until '36
• Henry Clay: going to recharter the bank early, his plan back fires
• Nicholas Biddle: pres of bank asks congress for new charter 4 years early
• Congress charters: this law will have to be signed by jackson, veto or signed = loss
• Jackson Vetos: 1. unconstitutional 2. unamerican 3. corrupt 4. monopoly 
• as a message veto it was abserd
• as a campaign speech it was superb

JACKSON ADMINISTRATION: 

BANK WAR: ELECTION OF 1832

Demo: jackson - 219

National Republic: Clay - 49

Anti-mason: Wirt - 7

1st nominating conventions: people choose nominees

1st party platform

1st third party : reform issue, short life

JACKSON ADMINISTRATION: 

BANK WAR: PHASE 2

jackson victory: sees the victory as an order from the people

voter mandate: kill bank #2- takes $ from bank and redistributes it to local banks

Jackson Orders:

McLane: no

Duane: no

Taney: yes

BUS 2 killed = $ -> pet banks (local banks), depression (panic of 1837) van bueren is now in office

cherokees, choctaws, chickasaws, creeks, seminoles to Indian Territory (south east)

Indian Removal act 1830

Trail of Tears: resistance (black hawk war and seminole war)

1829- 1833 Calhoun

1833- 1837 Van Buren

state: van buren

war: john eaton, lewis cass

treas: mclane, duane, taney

kitchen cabinet: jackson brought tobacco chewing, card playing friends to keep him company. relied more on them than the actual cabinet

spoil system: the practice of rewarding political supporters with gov't. jobs unethical and appoints unqualified people 

webster-hayne debate: where does administration stand on the issue of nullification?

who: daniel webster-> against nullification

robert hayne

arguement: doctrine of nullification

Hayne: for

webster: against "liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable" concluding statement 

at a party together celebrating the demo party: 

Jackson: "our union, it must be preserved" is stand (against) nullification says union is most important

calhoun: "the union, next to our liberty, most dear" saying liberty is most important his stand (for) nullification

• mexican independence: from spain, wanted to grow cotton; invited settlers
• 300 american families: move to texas; stephen austin, samuel houston, james bowie, davey crockett;
• requirements: 1. become mexican citizen 2. be roman catholic
• 1830- mexico closese border/ suspends constitutional privileges b/c immigrants didn't follow the rules
• 1835 - texas declares independance
• 1836- alamo: every texan dies; goliad: mexican victory; san jacinto: texas victory forced santa anna to sign treaty
• treaty signed: 1. texas independant 2. boundary- rio grande
• texas asks for annexation: jackson- no & van buren-no (b/c slavery issue) tyler- yes (three days before leaving b/c Iowa wants to be a free state)
• annexed through joint resolution of congress:
• congress and house vote= war w/ mexico

JQ Adams & Calhoun= whigs (old natrional rep.)

united only in hatred of jackson (couldnt take a stand or issue party platform,, canadates to be 'issueless' and ' enemeless' = war heros)

ends b/c of slavery

S- conscience whigs

N- cotton whigs

clay= founder

Jackson & Van Buren= demos

DEMO: van buren- 50.8% 170 (not a whole majority but close enough)

WHIG west: harrison 73

WHIG south: white 26

WHIG northeast: webster 14

WHIG: magnum (doesn't count)

*whigs tried to scatter the vote with several favorite sons of the area so it goes into the house, didnt work -> new strategy: war hero

four years of trouble

chosen by jaskson- inherited jacksons vice presidnet richard m. johnson

1st president born under the american flag

new york = dutch descent "little magician" 

Causes: 

land specualtion- too much borrowing

"wild cat" banks - local banks out west print paper only valid in that town

*people buying land out west and then can't pay for it

jacksonian finance:

bank war: jackson killed BUS- create problem with economy

specie circular: only cash minted by fed. gov't- if you bought land out west you must pay for it w/ specie which means a lot of people wont buy

wheat crop failure: hessian fly (attacks wheat and leads to underproducing crops)

cycle: farmers have no income, can't make mortgage, farms repossessed, try to tell farms, no $, mega fail

results: 

bank failures & unemployment

separate government money from politics: take the government money out of the "pet banks"

independent treasury system: put gov't money in vaults in large cities

gov'ts # order:

BUS #1- 1791

BUS #2- 1816

Pets- 1833

Independent treasury- 1837

National banking system- 1863

1st modern campaign

candidates must appeal to people- take trips, shake hands, myth making

gotta have the right "image"!

hard cider log cabins- appeal to common man

whig: Pres- General William Henry Harrison- 234

(ohio): hen of battle "tippecanoe and tyler too"

west=  of tippecanoe in 1811 

1st to die in office!!!!

31 days in office

vice president john tyler

long inaugural speech: stated "election year curse"

(a president dies in office every 20 years)

1841-1845

no vp!!!

state: daniel webster

southern demo who ran as a whig

fiscal bank bill

another bank bill

another bank bill

tariff bill

western land

ALL VETOED BY TYLER

*congress passes bill, tyler vetoes, finally they start overriding his vetoes and prez has NO power and NO party

cabinet resigned (except webster)

whigs excommunicated tyler

oregon question

texas concern

canadian rebellion (caroline incident)

maine boundary (halifax-quebec road)

resolve last boundary (canadian) split maine w/ canada but we get more

texas admitted to the union (iowa): joint resolution of congress

very grateful

iowa named a town after tyler

george m dallas is vp of next prez and he gets a texas town named after him