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| The Adams-Onís Treaty between the United States and Spain was negotiated by Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and the Spanish Minister to the United States, Don Luis de Onís, and signed in February 1819. Spain gave East and West Florida to the United States, and the United States agreed to assume claims by citizens of the United States against Spain. the United States agreed that Texas was on the Spanish side of the line, and Spain agreed to give up its claim to the Northwest Territory north of forty-two degrees. |
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| The Alien and Sedition Acts were four laws passed by the U.S. Congress in 1798 and signed into law by President John Adams designed to protect the United States from citizens of enemy powers during the turmoil following the French Revolution and to stop seditious factions from weakening the government of the new republic.Jefferson held the acts to be unconstitutional . |
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| A plan to strengthen and unify the nation. advanced by the Whig Party and a number of leading politicians including Henry Clay John C. Calhoun and John Quincy Adams. The System was a new form of federalism that included: -high tarrifs for red government. high public land prices for fed. revenue. preservation of the Bank of the US. -system of internal improvements. |
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| The Annapolis Convention was a meeting at Annapolis, Maryland of 12 delegates from five states (New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Virginia) that called for a constitutional convention. September 11 to September 14, 1786. They produced a report which was sent to congress and to the states. The report asked support for a broader meeting to be held the next May in Phillidelphia. It expressed the hope that more states would be represented and that their delegates or deputies would be authorized to examine areas broader than simply commercial trade. |
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- A desire to establish a weak central government.
- A desire to establish a weak central government
- The support of many small farmers and small landowners
- The support of debtor elements who felt that strong state legislatures were more sympathetic to them than a strong central government.
THOMAS JEFFERSON
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| Group of fighters who attacked American ships along the Barbary Coast of northern Africa at in the first few years of the 19th Century. They were members of a handful of African states who at first signed treaties with the United States in which they promised to stop attacking American ships. However, they broke those treaties. The U.S. fought back with force. Both the Navy and the Marines won big victories, including one at Tripoli in 1805. |
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| The Battle of New Orleans took place on January 8, 1815 and was the final major battle of the War of 1812 American forces, commanded by Major General Andrew Jackson, defeated an invading British Army intent on seizing New Orleans and the vast territory America had acquired with the Louisiana Purchase. The Treaty of Ghent had been signed on December 24, 1814, but news of the peace would not reach the combatants until February The battle is widely regarded as the greatest American land victory of the war |
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| The Bill of Rights is the name by which the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution are known.[1] They were introduced by James Madison to the First United States Congress in 1789 as a series of legislative articles, and came into effect as Constitutional Amendments on December 15, 1791, through the process of ratification by three-fourths of the States. The Bill of Rights is a series of limitations on the power of the United States Federal government, protecting the natural rights of liberty and property including freedom of speech, a free press, free assembly, and free association |
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| Edmond Genet. He recruited American volunteers to join French actions against the British which threatened the neutrality of the United States. |
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| The Compromise of 1833 was an American tariff measure passed by Congress on March the 1st, 1833, as a compromise for the high tariff act of 1828, which had caused intense dissatisfaction through the South, and had brought about nullification by South Carolina and a threat of secession in the event of its being too strictly emorced. |
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- California was admitted to the Union as a free state.
- The New Mexico and Utah territories were to decide the question issue by relying on “popular sovereignty,” allowing the actual settlers to vote on the issue.
- Texas lost the New Mexico territory, but received $10 million from the federal government for its loss.
- The slave trade in the District of Columbia was abolished.
- A new Fugitive Slave Act was passed.
- ZACHARY TAYLOR
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vocal group of democrats in the northern united states that opposed the civil war. wanted an imediate peace settlement with confederates. some wore copper pennies as identifying badges. save the Union.
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Following his victory in the disputed Election of 1824, John Quincy Adams appointed Henry Clay as Secretary of State, a position regarded as a stepping stone to the presidency; Jefferson, Madison, Monroe and Adams himself had held the position. Critics speculated that Clay’s support for Adams was thus rewarded. supports charged jackson with corruption. |
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| Jeffersonian Republican Party was an American political party founded in the early 1790s by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. presidents selected by the party: Thomas Jefferson (1801–1809), James Madison (1809–1817), and James Monroe (1817–1825. Jefferson formed the party to oppose the economic and foreign policies of the Federalists |
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original name was Telemanque Denmark Vesey (1767-1822), an African American who fought to liberate his people from slavery, planned an abortive slave insurrection.
In 1800 Vesey won a $1,500 lottery prize, with which he purchased his freedom and opened a carpentry shop. Soon this highly skilled artisan became "distinguished for [his] great strength and activity. Among his color he was always looked up to with awe and respect" by both black and white Americans. He acquired property and became prosperous.
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The Election of 1824 clearly showed that the "era of good feelings" had come to an end. All the candidates were Democratic-Republicans.
John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, William H. Crawford, John C. Calhoun.
Adams prevailed on the first ballot in the House of Representatives and became the nation's sixth president. His subsequent appointment of Henry Clay as Secretary of State led to angry charges of a "corrupt bargain." |
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| Electoral College Compromise |
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| The Electoral College was a compromise written into the U. S. Constitution in 1787, with the result that the President and Vice President are not elected directly by the people but by Presidential Electors. Electing the President indirectly through the Electoral College rather than directly by the voters was seen by the founders as a hedge against "popular passion". |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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| The Emancipation Proclamation is an executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War. proclaimed the freedom of 3.1 million of the nation's 4 million slaves, immediately freed 50,000 of them, with the rest freed as Union armies advanced. sept. 22, 1862 he announced that he would issue a formal emancipation of all slaves in any confederate state that didnt urn to Union control by January 1, 1863. |
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The Embargo Act of 1807 was an economic decision by the United States to protect its own product shipping rights, which were intended to eliminate Great Britain's higher quality of product. The result would draw the two nations into war once again. As a result of the new Embargo Act, a long-festering international collision came to a head. On June 18, 1812, the Senate of the United States ratified a measure which, with Jefferson's signature, committed the nation to war with Great Britain ultimately igniting the War of 1812. |
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| The Era of Good Feelings was a period in United States political history in which partisan bitterness abated. It lasted approximately 1816-1824, during the administration of U.S. President James Monroe, who deliberately downplayed partisanship. |
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| The Erie Canal is a waterway in New York that runs about 363 miles (584 km) from Albany, New York, on the Hudson River to Buffalo, New York, at Lake Erie, completing a navigable water route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes. First proposed in 1807, it was under construction from 1817 to 1825 and officially opened[1] on October 26, 1825. first transportation system on the eastern seaboard. |
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| (1866), was a United States Supreme Court case that ruled that the application of military tribunals to citizens when civilian courts are still operating is unconstitutional. |
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The Federalist Papers were written and published during the years 1787 and 1788 in several New York State newspapers to persuade New York voters to ratify the proposed constitution.
In total, the Federalist Papers consist of 85 essays outlining how this new government would operate and why this type of government was the best choice for the United States. |
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The Federalists were originally those forces in favor of the ratification of the Constitution and were typified by:
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A desire to establish a strong central government
- A corresponding desire for weaker state governments
- The support of many large landowners, judges, lawyers, leading clergymen and merchants
- The support of creditor elements who felt that a strong central government would give protection to public and private credit.
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Gabriel Prosser (ca. 1775-1800) was the African American slave leader of an unsuccessful revolt in Richmond, Va., during the summer of 1800. With the help of other slaves, especially Jack Bowler and George Smith, Prosser designed a scheme for a slave revolt. They planned to seize control of Richmond by slaying all whites (except for Methodists, Quakers, and Frenchmen) and then to establish a kingdom of Virginia with Prosser as king. plan was to strike on the night of Aug. 30, 1800 |
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| Perhaps the greatest debate undertaken by the delegates to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 centered on how many representatives each state should have in the new government's lawmaking branch, the U.S. Congress. jue 29 1787 in philadelphia combining the new jersey plan and VA plan. smaller states in favor of the new jersey plan. big states support VA plan. Edmund Randolph created VA plan William Patterson created New Jersey. in the end, came up with House of Representatives and the Senate. |
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| or legal action, through which a prisoner can be released from unlawful detention. . A habeas corpus petition is a petition filed with a court by a person who objects to his own or another's detention or imprisonment. The petition must show that the court ordering the detention or imprisonment made a legal or factual error |
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treasury secretary=Alexander Hamilton.
Hamilton's vision for reshaping the American economy included a federal charter for a national financial institution. He proposed a Bank of the United States. Modeled along the lines of the Bank of England, a central bank would help make the new nation's economy dynamic through a more stable paper currency. Hamilton wanted the United States to adopt a mercantilist economic policy. |
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| an event spanning from December 15, 1814–January 4, 1815 in the United States during the War of 1812 in which New England's opposition to the war reached the point where secession from the United States was discussed. The end of the war with a return to the status quo ante bellum disgraced the Federalist Party, which disbanded in most places. |
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| part of an American government policy known as Indian removal, was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 26, 1830. President Andrew Jackson called for an Indian Removal Act in his 1829 "[[ The Removal Act was strongly supported in the South, where states were eager to gain access to lands inhabited by the Five Civilized Tribes. TRAIL OF TEARS. |
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| Andrew Jackson, and his Democrats, viewed themselves as the guardians of the United States Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty and the equality of economic opportunity. They felt that they could change the government into a system that was run for and by the “common man.” According to Jackson, the “common man” was the farmers and urban workers that made up a majority of the population, not the aristocrats. |
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| “common man” was the farmers and urban workers that made up a majority of the population, not the aristocrats. |
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| If one single component of a weapon needed a replacement, the entire weapon either had to be sent back to an expert gunsmith to make custom repairs or discarded and replaced by another weapon. During the 18th and early 19th centuries, the idea of replacing these methods with a system of interchangeable manufacture was gradually developed. |
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| (1794) A treaty between the United States and Great Britain to regulate commerce and navigation. It corrected problems arising from violations of the Treaty of Paris of 1793. |
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Jeffersonian democrats are individuals who not only stood behind Thomas Jefferson but who also stood behind the set political goals that where names after him.
ex:: james polk |
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1789 law that created the Judicial Branch of the federal government. Among the things provided for in the Act:
the number of members of the Supreme Court (6)
the number of lower district courts (13)
the idea that the Supreme Court can settle disputes between states
the idea that a decision by the Supreme Court is final. |
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also known as the Circuit Court Act, was passed at the very end of John Adams's administration and during the second session of the Sixth Congress. Because of its last-minute nature, many of the judicial appointments became known as "midnight judges". The act became law on February 13, 1801.
proponets-Federalists
opponets-Democrats-Republicans
The Act, while eventually overturned by the Jefferson administration, "considerably increased the Federal judicial establishment of the United States |
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| 1854. created territories Kansas and Nebraska, repealed the Missouri Compromise 1820, allowed settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries. The initial purpose of the Kansas–Nebraska Act was to create opportunities for a Mideastern Transcontinental Railroad. It became problem when popular sovereignty was written into the proposal. The act was designed by Democratic Sen. Stephen Douglas .The new Republican Party, which was created in opposition to the act, aimed to stop the expansion of slavery and soon emerged as the dominant force throughout the North. |
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a term used by political opponents of President of the United States Andrew Jackson to describe the collection of unofficial advisers he consulted in parallel to the United States Cabinet.
An informal group of advisors to a country's chief executive, as distinguished from the official cabinet. |
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| (1798 and 1799) measures passed by legislatures of VA and KY as a protest against the Federalist Alien and Sedition Acts. resolutions written by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson but the role of those statesmen remained unknown to public for almost 25 years. Generally, the resolutions argued that because the federal government was the outcome of a compact between the states, all powers not specifically granted to central authority were retained by the individual states or people. |
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| adopted by Congress on May 20, 1785. Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress didnt have power to raise revenue by direct taxation of the inhabitants of the United States. Therefore, the immediate goal of ordinance was to raise $$ through the sale of land in the largely unmapped territory west of the original states acquired at the 1783 Treaty of Paris after the end of the Revolutionary War. |
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| a name given to the 1840 campaign of William Henry Harrison.Having tried unsuccessfully to become the new Whig Party's only candidate for president in 1836 (he ended up being one of three), William Henry Harrison continued campaigning for the nomination until the next election cycle. At the December 1839 Whig convention, Harrison became the party's official nominee for president. |
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| was the acquisition by the US of 828,800 square miles of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana in 1803. The U.S. paid $11,250,000 plus cancellation of debts worth $3,750,000, for a total cost of 15 million dollars for the Louisiana territory. The purchase=vital moment in the presidency of Thomas Jefferson. it faced domestic opposition as being possibly unconstitutional. The purchase, which doubled the size of the United States, comprises around 23% of current U.S. territory |
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| factory system of the early 19th century that employed mainly young women [age 15-35] from New England farms to increase efficiency, productivity and profits. Made possible by inventions such as the spinning jenny, spinning mule, and water frame in England around the time of the American Revolution, the textile industry was among the earliest mechanized industries, and models of production and labor sources were first explored here. |
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| enacted by Congress on 1 May 1810. objective was to get Great Britain&France to stop their restrictions against U.S. shipping. prohibited British &French armed vessels from entering American waters &ports unless forced in by distress or to deliver dispatches. reopened American trade to the entire world. |
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| (1803) First decision of the Supreme Court of the United States to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional, thus establishing the doctrine of judicial review |
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1819. Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland
case established the following two principles:
-- The Constitution grants to Congress implied powers for implementing the Constitution's express powers, in order to create a functional national government.
-- State action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal government. |
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| election of 1800, T.Jefferson defeated J. Adams. On day before Adams turned the White House over to Jefferson, &the Jeffersonian Democrats, he appointed 42 Federalists to the fed. courts. Fed. Judges served for life, so Adams was protecting his supporters and insuring that the Judicial Branch would remain in the hands of the Federalist party and federalist ideals. It was claimed that President Adams stayed up late into the night of his last day in office appointed the judges. Hence the name, "midnight judges." |
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| (October 2, 1800 – November 11, 1831) was an American slave who led a slave rebellion in Virginia on August 21, 1831 that resulted in 56[2] deaths among their victims, the largest number of white fatalities to occur in one uprising in the antebellum southern United States. was convicted, sentenced to death, and executed |
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| The First Bank of the United States was needed because the government had a debt from the Revolutionary War, and each state had a different form of currency. It was built while Philadelphia was still the nation's capital. Alexander Hamilton conceived of the bank to handle the colossal war debt — and to create a standard form of currency. |
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| The First Bank of the United States was needed because the government had a debt from the Revolutionary War, and each state had a different form of currency. It was built while Philadelphia was still the nation's capital. Alexander Hamilton conceived of the bank to handle the colossal war debt — and to create a standard form of currency. First Bank's charter was drafted in 1791 by the Congress and signed by George Washington. |
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| one of the first major improved highways in the United States to be built by the federal government. began in 1811. Cumberland, Maryland, on the Potomac River. It crossed the Allegheny Mountains and southwestern Pennsylvania, reaching Wheeling, Virginia (now West Virginia) on the Ohio River in 1818 |
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| (January 8, 1786 – February 27, 1844) was an American financier who served as the president of the Second Bank of the United States. agreed to lewis and clarks expedition. introduced two seminal bills. One established a public schooling system in Pennsylvania. the other won the renewal of the charter for the Bank of the United States |
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| April 18, 1806, which forbade the importation of certain British goods in an attempt to coerce Great Britain to suspend its impressment of American sailors and to respect American sovereignty and neutrality on the high seas. The act was suspended, but was quickly replaced by the Embargo Act of 1807. ACT FAILED. |
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| a legal theory that a U.S. State has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional. The origins of nullification are found in the Federalist-Republican debate of the late 1700s. James Madison and Thomas Jefferson in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (1798) declared that the states had the right to nullify laws by which the federal government overstepped its limits of jurisprudence |
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| effect of the ordinance was the creation of the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory of the United States out of the region south of the Great Lakes, north and west of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River. |
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| The Panic of 1837 was a financial crisis that had damaging effects on the national economies. In 1832, Jackson ordered the withdrawal of federal government funds, approximately ten million dollars, from the Bank of the United States. The president deposited these funds in state banks and privately-owned financial institutions known as "pet banks." numerous businesses had to close their doors. high inflation resulted. voters to turn against the Democratic Party, the party in control of government at the start of the Panic of 1837 |
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| party nominationg convention |
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| take place at the state and national levels to nominate party candidates, and shape party strategies |
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| Pet Banks were the banks created by Andrew Jackson within the states. When he eliminated the national bank, he called for the Federal funds to go to state banks, which caused an issue to the supporters of the National Bank. |
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| Pinckney's Treaty, or Treaty of San Lorenzo, signed October 27, 1795, a treaty between the United States and Spain. The United States negotiator was Thomas Pinckney, a special envoy. The border line between East and West Florida (owned by Spain) and the southern boundary of the United States was established. Spain agreed to allow United States citizens the free right of navigation on the Mississippi River and to make New Orleans a duty-free port. |
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| Proclamation of Neutrality |
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| started with french revloution G. Washingtons first administration. warefare engulfed europe In the cabinet Thomas Jefferson opposed any expression of neutrality while Alexander Hamilton supported it. Washington eventually sided with the latter and issued a proclamation of neutrality that barred American ships from supplying war matériel to either side. |
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| Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent president John Adams. The Twelfth Amendment, ratified in 1804, was added to the United States Constitution. The Twelfth Amendment stipulates that electors make a discrete choice between their selections for President and Vice President. |
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| between Britain and US. concerning the Canadian border. each nation should have no more than four warships, none to exceed 100 tons, on the Great Lakes. The agreement, a result of negotiations begun after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, was important because it set a precedent for the pacific settlement of Anglo-American difficulties and because it inaugurated a policy of peace between the United States and Canada. |
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| South Carolina Exposition |
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| 1828 by John Calhoun. The document was a protest against the Tariff of 1828, also known as the Tariff of Abominations. The document stated that if the tariff was not repealed, South Carolina would secede. the idea that a state has the right to reject federal law, first introduced by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in their Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions |
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| It required payment for government land to be in gold and silver. 1836 President Martin Van Buren |
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| practice of giving appointive offices to loyal members of the party in power. it encouraged people to participate in the government and support a party since they knew they'd be rewarded. |
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| goal of the tariff was to protect industries in the northern United States which were being driven out of business by low-priced imported goods by putting a tax on them. The South, however, was harmed firstly by having to pay higher prices on goods the region did not produce, and secondly because reducing the importation of British goods made it difficult for the British to pay for the cotton they imported from the South. reaction in south led to Nullification crisis. |
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| 1787 in which three-fifths of the population of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of the members of the United States House of Representatives. It was proposed by delegates James Wilson and Roger Sherman. |
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| signed to end the war of 1812. Due to the era's slow speed of communication, it took weeks for news of the peace treaty to reach the United States, well after the Battle of New Orleans had begun. |
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| Treaty of Greenville included: The tribes agreed to surrender their claims to lands in the southeastern portion of the Northwest Territory---The tribes also gave up additional defined areas that were used by the whites as portages and fort locations.---The United States government agreed to make an immediate payment of to $20,000 in goods to the tribes, as well as annual payments of $9,500 in goods to be divided among specified tribes---The tribes retained the right to hunt throughout the area. 1795 |
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| Political systems in which only two political parties effectively compete for government office. Under a two-party system, one of the two parties typically holds a majority in the legislature and is usually referred to as the majority party while the other is the minority party. |
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| the extension of voting to all males regardless of class or race. |
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| secretary of state-Thomas Jefferson 1790-93 Edmund Randolph 1794-95 Timothy Pickering 1795-97 Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, 1789 Oliver Wolcott, Jr., 1795 Secretary of War Henry Knox, 1789 Timothy Pickering, 1795 James McHenry, 1796 Attorney General Edmund Randolph, 1789 William Bradford, 1794 Charles Lee, 1795 |
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| Extolls the benefits of the federal government, Warns against the party system, Stresses the importance of religion and morality, On stable public credit, Warns against permanent foreign alliances, On an over-powerful military establishment. |
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| was a political party of the United States during the era of Jacksonian democracy. Considered integral to the Second Party System and operating from the early 1830s to the mid-1850s[1], the party was formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson and his Democratic Party. |
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| was a tax protest in Pennsylvania in the 1790s, during the presidency of George Washington. The conflict was rooted in western dissatisfaction with a 1791 excise tax on whiskey. The tax was a part of treasury secretary Alexander Hamilton's program to centralize and fund the national debt. From the national perspective the issue was how laws passed by the Congress would be enforced. unpopular among small farmers on the western frontier who could get their corn to market only by distilling it into whiskey, which was easy to ship by water. |
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| was a case in which the United States Supreme Court vacated the conviction of Samuel Worcester, holding that the Georgia criminal statute, prohibiting non-Indians from being present on Indian lands without a license from the state, was unconstitutional. 1832 |
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| The XYZ Affair was a diplomatic episode in 1798 that worsened relations between France and the United States and led to the undeclared Quasi-War of 1798. John Jay's Treaty of 1794 angered France, which was at war with Great Britain and interpreted the treaty as evidence of an Anglo-American alliance. U.S. President John Adams and his Federalist Party had also been critical of the Reign of Terror and extreme radicalism of the French Revolution, further souring relations between France and the States. president sent diplomats to europe: "X" "Y" and "Z" |
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