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| was a bill in the response to the Orders in council of Great Britain and the Berlin and Milan Decrees of France. Macon's Bill #2 stated that America would trade with whoever dropped the non-trade act first, and would not trade with the other country. Napoleon used Macon's Bill #2 by fooling the Americans to thinking that he dropped his decrees, yet he kept seizing American ships. |
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| occurred after the Battle of when the American forces were haphazardly retreating from the incoming British through the streets of Washington D.C. The "Bladensburg Races" was the full Bladensburg out retreat of American Forces during the War of 1812 leaving Washington D.C. unprotected and led to its burning by British forces. |
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| was a treaty between British Canada and The United States that states that the Great Lakes would remain demilitarized from both countries. The agreement was made between the US secretary of state, Richard Rush and British minister Bagot. This agreement was only broken after Sept. 11 when American coast guards armed their ships to help prevent an influx of drug trafficking in the area? |
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| were young congressmen of the twelfth congress who advocated starting the war with Britain, later to be called the War of 1812. The War Hawks saw such events as the Chesapeake Affair and the Orders of Council and Britain's disrespecting acts of the United States, and therefore war was needed for national honor. The leader of the War Hawks was speaker of the house Henry Clay |
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| When Jefferson And Burr tied but the house of Representatives didn’t vote in favor of the federalists in fact some didn’t even vote at all. Jefferson won in hopes of restoring the Republican Spirit. |
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| (1752-1817) was the president of University of Yale. He predicted how after Jefferson’s election the bible would be used as a weapon to defame him. He has a Famous quote on Page 212 in the box. Basically goes with the whole time period where people were accusing Jefferson of having an affair with his slaves, how he didn’t believe in God. Dwight predicted how all of this would happen. |
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| Was Secretary of Treasury under Jefferson’s presidency. Was named, “watchdog of the treasury”. He made his major actions in the real early 1800’s. He agreed how clearing the national debt was key. He continued using the framework left by Hamilton but decided to exclude some of the taxes. |
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| : was a trial in 1803 debating over who had the final authority in interpreting the Constitution and it ended with “judicial review” saying the supreme court had the right. The reaction to this was Jeffersonians wanted revenge and even tried to impeach Samuel Clay. |
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| removed the problems in the elections of 1796 and 1800, in which there was a tie among president and vp candidates for the same office. The 12th amendment states that a presidential and vp candidate must join together on the same ticket for presidential elections. The 12th amendment removed ties in elections and also split-party executive offices where the president and vp would be from different parties. |
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| Had to do with the Judiciary Act of 1801 where Adams signed and appointed commissioners as judges. This was a last effort/decree to try and keep the Federalist party alive. And the Federalists just wanted to have some say in at least one branch of government. Jeffersonians wanted to kick the people out of their office especially supreme court justice, Marshall. |
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| Thomas Jefferson wrote these words in a letter to Elias Shipman and other New Haven merchants on July 12 1801referring to how a judicial judge is appointed for life. Few die during an administration, if any, and none resign. Jefferson wrote these words in response to the midnight judges who almost remained during his administration. |
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| was an arrogant tart-tongued Supreme Court justice. Was very unpopular amongst the Republicans. Early in 1804 they made impeachment charges against him. Was affiliated with Marshall and trials like Marbury v. Madison. Congress failed to accumulate enough votes to impeach him so he stayed in the Supreme Court. |
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| Federalist Reign of Terror |
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| The Federalist’s reign of terror deals with the era from Adams election in 1796 until and through the election of 1800. Covered points such as the building of an army against British vs French. Introduction of Alien and Sedition Acts. First State parties were Born. |
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| Lyric from the marine anthem, referring to the marines fighting in Tripoli during the Barbary war. |
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| Land West of the Mississippi bought by Jefferson from Napoleon. Doubled size of the U.S. We pressured France for the land who gave it up rather than lose it to Britain in War. Example of Imperial Thrust. |
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| Leader of the Haitian slave revolt. Lead slaves in Haiti in revolt and expelled the French. Won Haitian independence. |
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| VP for Jefferson’s first term. Big controversy because of tie in election. Hamilton helped his loss in tie for president and loss for governor of New York. Shot Hamilton. Wanted to start a separate nation with help from Wilkinson. Was caught but not found guilty and left for Europe. |
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| American General. Was apart of Burr’s conspiracy to create a new nation, but when people found out, he betrayed Burr and turned him in to Jefferson. Two unsuccessful campaigns in St, Lawrence in War of 1812. After death, was found out to be a paid agent for the Spanish. |
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| American Explorer. Explored the South West and checked out Spanish Territory. His report to Congress said that the land was worthless and not worth fighting for and the Spanish colonist were wanting independence. After the colonist fight off the Spanish, America could come in and take over. |
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| Meriwether Lewis was an aide to Jefferson. He chose Lewis to lead an expedition into the new land of the Louisiana Purchase. William Clark was second in command. The purpose of the expedition was scientific exploration and map out the territory. They started in Pittsburg, down the Ohio, up the Missouri, across the Rockies and west to the Pacific. |
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| a Shoshone Indian woman that accompanied and helped Lewis and Clark on their expedition. |
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| Jefferson elected for another term. He easily beat Federalist candidate Charles Pinckney. George Clinton was his VP. |
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| “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.” – T. Jefferson (1801) |
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| - Given by Jefferson at his Inaugural Address in 1801. Trying to express the point that we are all united and not divided into two separate parties. Wanted everyone equal. Didn’t want to seem like his party would take over and expel all the members of the opposing party out of the government. |
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-American who was detained on a British ship during the war of 1812
-Wrote “The Star Spangled Banner” during the British attack on Fort McHenry
-Wrote the song while watching the cannon blasts from the British ships while he was on one of their ships
-Key boarded the British ship originally to negotiate the release of American prisoners |
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-British troops landed in the Chesapeake Bay area in August 1814 and advanced rapidly on Washington D.C
-General Stansbury, along with the help of James Madison, and his militia had to protect the Bladensburg Bridge in the town of Bladensburg
-As the British troops approached Stansbury and his men, he realized that he could not defend the town, so he retreated. The retreat was known as the “Bladensburg Races”
-This retreat and battle is known as “the greatest disgrace ever dealt to American arms." |
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-After the British defeated the American Militia at Bladensburg, they went into the nation’s capital and burned the city down
-Important buildings such as the Capitol and the White House were burned down
-Main reason for the burning was to retaliate against the Americans because of the looting of York in Upper Canada by the Americans
-Many famous artifacts such as a famous painting of George Washington were saved by Dolly Madison
-The British also burned Washington to divert the attention of the U.S government so that the British could take the upper hand in the war |
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-Fought during the War of 1812 in central Alabama at Horseshoe bend
-General Andrew Jackson, the West Tennessee Militia, the 39th United States infantry, and 600 Cherokees, Choctaws, and Lower creek Indians fought against the Red Stick Creek Indians under Chief Menawa on March 27th 1814
-General Jackson and his army defeated the Red Stick Creek Indians and he forced the creeks to sign the treaty of Fort Jackson
-This treaty made the Creek nation cede half of Alabama and part of Southern Georgia to the U.S Government |
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-American Ship that was used during the war of 1812 that had notably thicker sides, (where the nickname “Old Ironsides” came from), and that had heavier firepower.
-Fought against the British ship the Guerriere and won. This duel “raised the United States in one half hour to the rank of a first class power in the world.” |
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-American Naval officer who led a fleet of ships during the War of 1812 to a victory against the British navy
-The battle between the two was fought on Lake Erie and after he won the battle, he exclaimed, “We have met the enemy and they are ours”.
-The victory infused life back into the American cause
-The Victory also opened Canada up to possible invasion while simultaneously protecting the Ohio River Valley |
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-Treaty signed between the British and the U.S in the Belgian city of Ghent in 1814
-Tsar Alexander I did not want the fighting to continue so he set up a meeting between the two countries so that they could make peace
-The U.S sent John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay to negotiate
- In the treaty, the two sides agreed to stop fighting and restore conquered territory
-Americans now boasted “Not One Inch of Territory Ceded or Lost” |
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-Battle fought after the Treaty of Ghent in 1814
-Fought between British and the U.S at New Orleans. Americans were led by General Andrew Jackson and his army
-The British made a big mistake by launching a frontal assault on Jan. 8, 1815 and they were defeated by Jackson’s army in half an hour.
-This was an astonishing victory for Jackson and his men.
-Since the battle was fought after the war ended, the battle was fought more for honor than material gain.
- The battle also unleashed a wave of nationalism and self confidence |
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-Created in 1817 between the British and the U.S to severely limit naval armament of the great lakes
-Better relations between the two countries eventually led to the bringing down of the last border fortifications between the U.S and Canada
-The bringing down of the fortified border created the longest unfortified boundary-5,527 miles long |
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| “Never before, perhaps, since the institution of civil government, did the same harmony, same absence of party spirit, the same national felling, pervade a community. The result is too consoling to dispute too nicely about the cause”. Boston Newspaper 1817 |
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| -This quote is explaining the time after the War of 1812 where citizens of the U.S felt a sense of nationalism because of the victories during the War of 1812. This period was the “Era of Good Feelings”. During this time, Nationalism was at its highest and the citizens of the U.S were proud to be Americans. |
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-a group of federalist lawyers and merchants that attempted to secede New England from the union
-at first they asked Hamilton to lead them but he said no
-they turned to Aaron Burr after he had just lost the position of vice president and offered him the position of govenor of New York where he would then complete their plan of seceding
-when Hamilton found out he pulled some strings and prevented Burr from becoming govenor
-Burr found out about all of Hamilton’s dealings and challenged him to the duel that ended Hamilton’s life. (Mr. Brang said in class that Hamilton’s death was the most important result of Essex Junto)
-the name “Essex Junto” comes from Essex County, Massachusetts where most of the group was from |
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-Its main importance is that it was the last election that the Federalists actually had a chance in
- after this election the federalist were pretty much off the map in regards to having president
-Republican James Madison won his second term in office against Federalist DeWitt Clinton |
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-both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority
-many of the members did not feel the same connection that their fathers had felt to Britain and France
-War Hawks mostly from the South and West |
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-1814-1815
-Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Vermont sent representatives to meet in secret to discuss their grievances and to seek redress for their wrongs.(they all were opposed to the war with Britain)
-although some delegates spoke of secession most were not so radical
-They requested: financial assistance fom Washington to compensate for lost trade
They proposed: constitutional amendments requiring a two-thirds vote in Congress before an embargo could be imposed, new states admitted, or war declared. That the three-fifths clause be removed. Limit the presidency to a single term, and to prohibit the election of 2 successive presidents from the same state. |
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-decisive American victory in October 1813 of the War of 1812
-led by American General Harrison
-Tecumseh dies in this battle and his Indian coalition with him |
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-Fought in the Revolution
-Governor of Michigan Territory
-surrendered Fort Detroit to the British
-the British tricked them by having the Indian warriors make a lot of noice. This made Hull think that they were outnumbered so he surrendered. Aug. 16, 1812 |
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-Two Shawnee brothers
-created a large confederacy of Indians east of the Mississippi
-aided by the British
-The Prophet lost all credibility in the battle of Tipecanoe
-Tecumseh was killed in the battle of Thames |
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-fall 1811
-William Henry Harrison, governor of Indiana Territory, gathered an army and advanced on Tecumseh’s headquarters at the junction of the Wabash and Tippecanoe Rivers
-Tecumseh was absent and his brother the Prophet foolishly attacked Harrison with a small force of Shawnees
-the Shawnees were routed and their settlement burned
-The Prophet lost all his credibility and Harrison became a national hero
-this drove Tecumseh to make an alliance with the British |
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-name given to the young hotheads of the Twelfth Congress, mostly from the South and the West, by their Federalists opponents
-were tired of hearing how their father had “whipped” the British
-detested the manhandling of American sailor by the Orders in Council
-western war hawks wanted to wipe out the renewed Indian threat to the pioneer settlers
-also driven by “the imperial thrust” |
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| “The Bible would be cast into a bonfire, our holy worship changed into a dance of Jacobin frenzy, our wives and daughters dishonored and our sons converted into disciples of Voltaire……” Rev. Timothy Dwight 1800 |
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-common Federalist fear of Thomas Jefferson winning the election of 1800
-made as a reference to Jefferson’s atheism and his support of the French |
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| the forcible enlistment of soldiers by the British navy of American seamen, hehe, seamen. It was a crude form of conscriptment that lasted 4 centuries, 6000 men were impressed from 1808-1811 alone |
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| ssued in 1806, closed European ports under French control to foreign shipping, unless they first stopped at British ports, aka blockade. |
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| 1810, when a Georgia legislature was bribed and it granted 35 million acres in Mississippi to private speculators. It was canceled, but then brought back again by Supreme Court, headed by Marshall. It was one of the first clear cases of the supreme courts power to invalidate something unconstitutional |
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| Britain, in 1807, demanded the surrender of 4 alleged deserters, the Americans refused and they fired on the US ship the Chesapeake which killed 3 and wounded 18. Caused national wrath and uproar |
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| Jefferson’s hated embargo, didn’t allow any ships from America to trade. It hoped to starve the France and British, but failed miserably. Caused an almost depression, and the French still continued to seize American ships. Epic fail pretty much. Only thing good that came out of it was that Americas industry was developed because the Americans couldn’t trade with anyone |
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| this is the year that Jefferson said that he felt the government tremble underneath his feet. He was referring to a resurgence of federalists in the vote that year due to the hated embargo, the actual vote was feds. 47 out of 175, this was much higher than the last one which had 17 out of 175 |
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| goes hand in hand with the Milan decree, basically Frances reaction to Britain’s order in council. It said that any ship stopping in a British port will be seized once it reaches French lands. They found which ships landed in British ports by way of land based spies. This was part of the economic warfare between France and Britain and left America in a rut. |
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| goes hand in hand with the Milan decree, basically Frances reaction to Britain’s order in council. It said that any ship stopping in a British port will be seized once it reaches French lands. They found which ships landed in British ports by way of land based spies. This was part of the economic warfare between France and Britain and left America in a rut. |
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| a substitute for the embargo, passed right after it was repealed. It said that we would trade with the rest of the world except France or Britain. Economic coercion was still the policy of the Jeffersonian. March 1 1809 |
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| he Era of Good Feelings started after the War of 1812. As the Federalist Party faded, the country was united by the single political party, the Democratic-Republicans. During this time there was great nationalism, and the victories over Britain instilled pride in the new nation. This era occurred during the Monroe presidency. |
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| (1819) Maryland attempted to destroy a branch of the U.S. Bank by putting a tax on its notes. John Marshall declared the Bank constitutional, therefore showing Federal supremacy over state government. |
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| Dartmouth College vs. Woodward |
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| (1819) The College had been granted a charter by King George III, but the New Hampshire government intended to alter the charter. Daniel Webster spoke on behalf of the college. John Marshall ruled that the charter must stand. The constitution protects contracts from state infringement. |
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| (1821) Cohens were found guilty of selling lottery tickets by the Virginia court. Also found guilty by the Supreme Court. This gave the Supreme Court the right to review decisions made by state courts, regarding federal matters. |
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| an economic panic that involved deflation, bankruptcies, depression, and unemployment. The first economic panic since the Washington presidency. Hit the West hard because the US Bank forced “wildcat” banks out of business and foreclosed on many western properties. Anger was caused because of the imprisonment of debtors. |
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| settled a border dispute in North America between the United States and Spain. In addition to ceding Florida to the United States, the treaty settled a boundary dispute along the Sabine River in Texas and firmly established the boundary of U.S. territory. United States had to pay $5,000,000 and give up part of Texas. |
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| Monroe elected again. Unanimous decision except for one single electoral vote. |
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| (1820) Occurred because of the debate of whether new Western sates would be slave states or free states. Henry Clay of Kentucky proposed that Missouri be admitted, as a slave state, but Maine, part of Massachusetts, become its own free state. The rest of Louisiana Territory north of the 36-degree boundary became free states. |
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| (1823) Influenced by Adams, Monroe declared to all European powers (1) no colonization, and (2) nonintervention. Stated that colonization of the American continent had ended and no country could seize any more. Said United States would not interfere with the Greek war against the Turks. America was not militarily strong at the time, but was protected by British navy. |
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| "Father of the American Industrial Revolution" because he brought British textile technology to America. Found work in Massachusetts and Rhode Island replicating British factory equipment for a textile mill. |
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