1. The delay in founding English settlements in the Americans was the result of

a. Weak English monarchs

b. The lack of English territorial claims in the Americas

c. Failure to develop trade with other nations

d. Fear of Spain

e. Religious upheavals in England

2. The survivla of the Jamestown colony can be mostly directly attributed to the

a. Religious spirits of the settlers

b. Management of the Virginia company

c. Development of a tobacco industry

d. Location of the settlement

e. Nobles diligent search for gold

3. Which of the following sources would be most useful in studying the development of democratic institutions in the early colonial period?

a. The Edict of Nantes

b. The first charter of the Virginia Company

c. Columbus's journals

d. The treaty of Tordesillas

e. The Mayflower Compact

4. The issue of religion figured most prominently in the consideration of which of the following?

a. The settlement of Jamestown

b. The establishment of Puritan colonies in Massachusetts

c. France's Indian policy

d. Discoveries by the SPanish conquistadors

e. Spain's support of Columbus's voyages

5. The issue of religious toleration figured prominently in the founding of colonies by all the following EXCEPT

a. James Oglethorpe

b. Cecil Calvert

c. Anne Hutchinson

d. William Penn

e. Roger Williams

6. Which of the following accurately desries a problem faced by Virginia in the last decades of the 17th century?

a. A decline in tobacco production

b. Frequent slave uprisings

c. The lowering of wages caused by an influx of immigrants

d. Political control by small farmers in the House of Burgesses

e. Conflict between large plantation owners and settlers on Virginia's and western frontier

7. Which of the following documents would be most useful in examining the origins of constitutional government in colonial America?

a. The sermons of Puritan ministers

b. Newspaper comentary on the Halfway Covenant

c. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

d. Political tracts concerning the Dominion of New England

e. The correspondence of Sir Edmond Andros

8. "Puritan intolerance of dissent led to the founding of a number of new colonies." The founding of which of the following does NOT support this statement?

a. Providence

b. Portsmouth (Rhode Island)

c. Hartford

d. New Hampshire

e. New Haven

9. Roger Williams differed from other Puritan ministes in his emphasis on

a. The study of the Bible

b. The value of the consensus in church meetings

c. Nonviolence

d. The individual's private religious conscience

e. The supreme authority of church leaders

10. The chief purpose of mercantilist policies was to

a. Help colonies to be self-sufficient

b. Strengthen the economy and power of the parent country

c. Defend the colonies from rival powers

d. Maintain tight control over the tobacco industry

e. Foster stable relations between the Crowsn and the colonies

11. The acts of trade and navigation had all the following consequences in the colonies EXCEPT

a. Colonial manufacturing was limited

b. Colonial economies were limited in London

c. Low prices were charged for English imports

d. Smuggling beame a common practice

e. New England shipbuilding prospered

12. William Penn's "Holy Experiment" included all of the following ideas EXCEPT

a. Nonviolence

b. The Bible as a religious authority for all

c. Fair treatments of Native Americans

d. A refuge for Quakers

e. Religious toleration

13. In the mid-18th century, all of the following were generally true about slavery in the British colonies EXCEPT

a. Planters thought it provided a more dependable labor supply than other options

b. There were more slaves than indentured servants in the southern colonies

c. It was strongly opposed in New England

d. Slaves accounted for about half the population of Virginia

e. Colonial laws gave slavery a permanent legal status

14. The Great Awakening was a reaction to

a. The flood of immigrants

b. Established churches in many of the colonies

c. Churches' earlier failure to take account of people's emotional needs

d. Guilt over the evils of slavery

e. The overly strict teachings of the Church of England

15. Which of the following is true of immigration to the colonies during the first half of the 18th century?

a. Most immigrants settled in New England

b. Most immigrants came from continental Europe

c. A sizable minority of immigrants had no freedom of choice in coming to the colonies

d. The English government tried to discourage immigration

e. Most immigrants worked for low wages in cities along the eastern seaboard

16. In the 18th century, all of the following were generally true about colonial society in America EXCEPT

a. The English language and English traditions were dominant

b. There were few poor people and no real aristocrats

c. Voters played an active role in government

d. It was impossible for individuals to better themselves economically or socially

e. A degree of religious toleration culd be found in each colony

17. At his trial, John Peter Zenger won acquittal on the ground that

a. The king had less authority in the colonies than in England

b. English law permitted the press almost total freedom

c. Libel laws did not apply to government officials

d. New York's governor deserved to be criticized

e. Truth could not be libel

18. Which of the following did the colonies lack?

a. An adequate monetary system

b. Good harbors and rivers for transportation

c. The ability to import goods from England

d. The adequate supply of slave labor

e. Sufficient markets for colonial timber and naval stores

19. Which of the following does NOT express a British criticism of the colonies in 1763?

a. Samuel Adams and other colonial leaders organized opposition to British authority

b. Many colonists showed disloyalty by failing to support the war effort

c. The colonial militia was badly trained

d. Although the colonies benefited from British victory, they failed to pay their fair share

e. The Virginians under George Washington disobeyed orders in attacking a French fort

20. "After the French and Indian War, the British government tried to make Americans pay for British protection in the colonies." Each of the following supports this statement EXCEPT the

a. Stamp Act

b. Sugar Act

c. Quartering Act

d. Townshend Acts

e. Quebec Act

21. Pontiac's Reeliion was a reaction to

a. the building of Fort Duquesne

b. the westward movement of English settlers

c. French control of the fur trade

d. The Proclamation of 1763

e. The oubreak of the French and Indian War

22. Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the Stamp Act?

a. Delegates from different colonies held a protest meeting in New York

b. The Sons of Liberty threatened tax officials

c. Colonial war debts were paid

d. Colonists boycotted British goods

e. London merchants suffered from a reduction in trade

23. John Dickinson defended the idea of no taxation without representation by arguing

a. Colonists owed no loyalty to the king

b. Parliament could not regulate trade

c. Colonists were too poor to be taxed

d. To tax people without their consent violated English law

e. Colonists did not have to submit to British authority

24. The Townshend Acts provoked all of the following colonial reactions EXCEPT

a. the Massachusetts Circular Letter

b. John Dickinson's Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania

c. The Stamp Act Congress

d. Colonial boycotts of British goods

e. The Gaspee incident

25. The Boston Tea Party had which of the following causes?

a. the Boston Massacre

b. Parliament's efforts to improve the profits of the British East India Company

c. The Intolerable Acts

d. The arguments of the committees of correspondence

e. The imperial policies of Lord Grenville

26. Enlightenment philosophers believed in all of the following ideas EXCEPT

a. People have the right to revolt against tyranny

b. People have rights simply because they are human

c. Sovereignty resides with the people

d. A fundamental purpose of government is to protect people's rights

e. God is the primary authority for government

27. Which of the following is a correct statement about the American colonies in the 1770's before the outbreak of the Revolutionary War?

a. Except for a few radicals, Americans generally accepted the policies of George III's ministers

b. Most Americans resisted the British government's efforts to impose new taxes

c. France encouraged the British colonies to revolt

d. Colonial boycotts failed to have an effect on British policy

e. The 13 colonies had developed a single policy for dealing with Parliament

28. Which of the following sources would be most useful in researching a paper entitled "Arguments for Independence, 1776"?

a. John Dickinson's Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania

b. The Olive Branch Petition

c. John Locke's Two Treatises on Government

d. Treaty of Paris (1783)

e. Thomas Paine's Common Sense

29. The first Continental Congress was a reaction to

a. the Declaratory Act

b. fighting at Lexington and Concord

c. passage of the Intolerable Acts

d. the Boston Massacre

e. the British tax on tea

30. In his pamphlet Common Sense, Thomas Paine defended the idea of American Independence on the grounds that

a. all men are created equal

b. Parliament was dictatorial

c. People should not plege allegiance to a king and a corrupt government

d. Democratic government of, y, and for the people was the only type based on natural law and reason

e. Liberty belongs to those who fight for it

31. As a result of the Treaty of Paris, the United States gained all of the following EXCEPT

a. fishing rights off the coast of Canada

b. British recognition of U.S. independence

c. a western boundary on the Mississippi River

d. the territory of Florida

e. a peaceful settlement of the Revolutionary War

32. Which of the following most accurately describes those Americans who fought on the British side in the American Revolution?

a. They came from all groups and classes

b. They were a majority of the population

c. They were most numerous in New England

d. They were generally identified with the Whig party in England

e. They were motivated by a desire for financial gain

33. Which of the following most accurately describes the change in American public opinion between January 1774 and July 1776?

a. It changed from a desire for reconciliation to a decision for independence

b. Most people favored independence in 1774 but were willing to fight for it only after the Declaration of Independence

c. Loyalists were in the majority both in 1774 and 1776

d. By the summer of 1776, only a relative small number of Americans expressed support for the king's government

e. Military support from France encouraged American Patriots

34. The Declaration of Independence did all of the following EXCEPT

a. Invoke the natural rights of humankind to justify revolt

b. Catalog the tyrannical action of King George III

c. Argue that royal tyranny justified revolt

d. Offered the British one last chance at reconciliation

e. Accused the British of violating the natural rights of Americans

35. The Proclamation of 1763 did which of the following?

a. Introduced a tax on tea

b. Prohibited colonists from producing iron for the American market

c. Forbade all colonial trade with the French West Indies

d. Set a boundary along the crest of the Appalachians beyond which the English colonists were forbidden to settle

e. Announced the reorganization of the colonial office under Parliament, rather than directly under the King-in-Council

36. Which of the following contributed most to the American victory in the Revolution?

a. French military and financial assistance

b. The failure of Loyalists to participate in the military action

c. A major American military victory at Valley Forge

d. Support from the French Canadians

e. The British failure to capture Philadelphia

37. Which of the following was true of a woman in the colonial era?

a. She would be sentenced  to prison for crimes committed by her husband

b. She could vote as her husband's proxy in elections

c. She generally lost control of her property when she married

d. She was the prime beneficiary by law of her husband's estate

e. Her legal rights over her children were the same as those of her husband

38. Which of the following was true of the Northeast American Indians tribes at the time Europeans first began colonization?

a. Their economies depended entirely on hunting and gathering

b. Their political and linguistic differences hindered their united opposition to the Europeans

c. Their populations were immune to European diseases

d. Their warriors rarely engaged in intertribal warfare

e. Their cultures made no distinctions between men's work and women's work

39. In the 17th century, which of the following was true of slavery in British North America?

a. It was prohibited only in Massachusetts and Connecticut

b. It was opposed by the Anglican church

c. Slaves officially accounted or more than thirty percent of the colonial population

d. The number of slaves increased rapidly in the last quarter of the century

e. Most slaves lived on plantations with fifty or more slaves

40. Settlers who established the British colony in Virginia during the 17th century were primarily seeking to

a. Recreate an Old World feudalistic society in the New World

b. Create a perfect religious commonwealths an example to the rest of the world

c. Create a refuge for political dissidents

d. Profit economically

e. Increase the glory of Great Britain

41. All of the following are ways in which some of the colonies survived and attracted new settlers EXCEPT

a. Relaxing their often initially idealized goals in order to attract a wider variety of settlers

b. Offering certain desirable rights, such as freedom of religion

c. Providing free or inexpensive land for new settlers

d. Signing an inter-colony treaty that established stability and encouraged immigration

e. Paying passage to the colonies in return for indentured servitude

42. "There is something very absurd in supposing a continent to be perpetually governed by an island. In no instance hath nature made the satellite larger than its primary planet." In making this statement in 1776, the political philosopher Thomas Paine was arguing that

a. The separation of the colonies from England is inevitable and natural

b. Taxation without representation is morally wrong and must be discontinued

c. The King of England is neglecting his responsibilities to his subjects

d. The newly established colonies are unable to rule the Native Americans in a just manner

e. An understanding of natural philosophy is necessary for effective leadership

43. The Puritans believed that the freedom to practice religion should be extended to

a. Puritans only

b. All Protestants

c. All Christians only

d. All Jews and Christians only

e. All inhabitants of the New World, including Africans and Native Americans

44. The Sugar Act of 1764 represented a major shift in British policy toward the colonies in that, for the first time, the British

a. Allowed all proceeds from a tax to stay in the colonial economy

b. Attempted to control colonial exports

c. Offered the colonists the opportunity to address Parliament with grievances

d. Required the colonies to import English goods exclusively

e. Levied taxes aimed at raising revenue rather than regulating trade

45. Roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts Bay in 1636 for advocating

a. Women's suffrage

b. Bigamy

c. The export of tobacco

d. Independence from England

e. The separation of church and state

46. The "First Great Awakening" can be seen as a direct response to which of the following?

a. Puritanism

b. The Enlightenment

c. Transcendentalism

d. Existentialism

e. Post-modernism

47. Which of the following states the principles of "virtual representation," as it was argued during the 18th century?

a. Paper money has value even though it is inherently worth very little

b. Slave populations must be counted when figuring Congressional apportionment, even though slaves may not vote

c. American property-holding colonists may, if they so desire, join their state legislation

d. All English subjects, including those who are not allowed to vote, are represented in Parliament

e. All English subjects are entitled to a trial before a jury of their peers

48. Which of the following statements about the Stamp Act is NOT true?

a. Because it most affected lawyers and writers, the Stamp Act fostered a particularly eloquent opposition to the Crown

b. Colonial legislatures sent letters to protest Parliament threatening secession from England if the Stamp Act repealed

c. Opposition to the Stamp Act built upon colonial resentment of the Sugar and Currency Acts

d. Among the colonists' reactions to the Stamp Act was an effective boycott of British goods

e. According to the Stamp Act, those who violated the law were not entitled to a jury trial

49. Puritan emigration from England came to a near-halt between the years 1649 and 1660 because that period,

a. Most English Puritans were imprisoned for heresy

b. Most Puritans converted to Catholicism

c. The New England settlement had become too overcrowded

d. The Puritans controlled the English government

e. Parliament outlawed travel to the New World

50. Which of the following best explains the most important effect tobacco cultivation had on the development of the Chesapeake Bay settlements during the 17th century?

a. Because tobacco cultivation requires large tracts of fertile land, it led to rapid expansionism in the region

b. The immediate commercial success of tobacco forced the settlers to defend against attacks by Spanish and French settlers, who wanted to take care of the tobacco trade

c. Tobacco provided the settlers with a lucrative crop trade with nearby Native American tribes

d. Dependence on tobacco as their only cash crop brought the settlements to financial ruin in the early 1600's

e. British customs houses established in the region to regulate tobacco trade led to widespread resentment of the British by the colonists

51. Harvard College and Yale College were established primarily to

a. Train lawyers and doctors

b. Encourage scientific advances

c. Ensure an adequate supply of ministers

d. Prepare young men for political leadership

e. Preserve the traditions of classical scholarship

52. The system of indentured labor used during the Colonial period had which of the following effects?

a. It enabled England to deport most criminals

b. It enabled poor people to seek opportunity in America

c. It delayed the establishment of slavery in the South until about 1750

d. It facilitated the cultivation of cotton in the South

e. It instituted social equality

53. The Halfway Covenant provides for which of the following?

a. The baptism of children of baptized but unconverted Puritans

b. The granting of suffrage to non-church members

c. The granting of full membership within the Congregational church to all New Englanders

d. The expansion of women's power within the Congregational church

e. The posting of banns by engaged couples

54. In the 18th century, colonial Virginia and colonial Massachusetts were most alike in that both

a. Relied on marketing of a single crop

b. Were heavily dependent on slave labor

c. Had an established Anglican church

d. Were royal colonies

e. Administered local governments through justices of the peace

55. Liberty of conscience was defended by Roger Williams on the grounds that

a. All religions were equal in the eyes of God

b. The signers of the Mayflower Compact had guaranteed it

c. Puritan ideas about sin and salvation were outmoded

d. Theological truths would emerge from the clash of ideas

e. The state was an improper and ineffectual agency in matters of spirit

56. By the end of the 17th century, which of the following was true of women in New England?

a. They had begun to challenge their subordinate role in society

b. They were a majority in many church congregations

c. They had equal economic opportunities

d. They voted in local elections

e. They frequently divorced their husbands they could lead town meetings

57. The Pequot War of 1637

a. Resulted in the near destruction of the Pequot tribe

b. Set the pattern for future interaction with Indians

c. Was caused in part by English settlement in the Connecticut Valley

d. Ended the possibility of trust cooperation among Puritans and Native populations

e. All of the above

58. The 1649 Maryland Toleration Act did which of the following?

a. Removed all restrictions on the practice of religion

b. Provided for separation of church and state

c. Granted religious freedom to all Christians who accepted the Trinity

d. Led immediately to the persecution of Protestant colonists

e. Led immediately to the persecution of Catholic colonists

59. In the period of 1688 to 1763, which of the following was a consequence of Europe's wars for empire?

a. Armed struggles spread to North America

b. The French made themselves the dominant power in North America

c. The British taxed their North American colonies

d. The Spanish lost all their territory in North America

e. Europe became united as one nation

60. Which of the following colonies required each community of 50 or more families to provide a teacher of reading and writing?

a. Pennsylvania

b. Massachusetts

c.Virginia

d. Maryland

e. Rhode Island

61. The result of the Tea Act of 1773 was

a. A decrease in the prices of American-made tea

b. The taxation of the American colonists without their consent

c. The facilitation of the breakup of the monopoly help by the East India tea company

d. The acceptance of the British colonial rule by the Americans

e. An increase in the production of American tea

62. Native American peoples living prior to the first landing of Columbus could be characterized by

a. Uniformity in religious beliefs

b. The absence of any spoken languages

c. A remarkable diversity in customs and cultures

d. A lack of knowledge about agricultural techniques

e. Strong intercontinental trade relations

63. Which of the following was the primary reason for the creation of the colony of Georgia?

a. Commercial profit

b. Religious freedom

c. Equal rights for all

d. The right to own slaves

e. The rehabilitation of prisoners

64. Great Britain's victory in the French and Indian War led to

a. The desire of the colonies for religious freedom

b. An increase in the taxes levied on the colonies

c. The enforcement of British anti-slavery laws

d. A permanent end to normal relations between the United States and France

e. Fewer restrictions and taxes imposed by British on the colonies

65. Which of the following elements of Puritan society became a foundation of the United States system of government?

a. Freedom of religion

b. Separation of Church and State

c. Representative Government

d. Tolerance of diverse religious beliefs

e. Universal suffrage

66. The long-range plan of the Albany Congress in 1754 was to

a. Achieve colonial unity and common defense against the French threat

b. Propose independence of the colonies from Britain

c. Declare war on the Iroquois tribe

d. Prohibit New England and New York from trading with the French West Indies

e. Support George Washington's desire to head the colonial militia

67. Bacon's Rebellion was supported mainly by

a. Young men frustrated by their inability to acquire land

b. The planter class of Virginia

c. Those protesting the increased importation of African slaves

d. People from Jamestown only

e. Slaves

68. American slaves made up one of the few slave societies in history to

a. Perpetuate itself by its own natural reproduction

b. Never revolt against its captors

c. Work in tobacco fields

d. Grown in number on through importations of new workers

e. None of the above

69. One purpose of the Declaration of Independence was to

a. Warn other nations to stay out of the Revolution

b. Ask for an end to slavery

c. Appeal for fairer treatment by Parliament

d. Explain to the rest of the world why the colonies had revolted

e. Condemn Parliament for its actions

70. Perhaps the most important single action of the Second Continental Congress was to

a. Select George Washington to head the army

b. Draft new appeals to the king

c. Adopt measures to raise money

d. Postpone an immediate demand for independence

e. Support independence