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| Declaration of Independence |
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| Leader of England during Revolution (tax tyrant) |
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| Wrote the Declaration of Independence, was the third president who was responsible for the Louisiana Purchase |
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| Activist writer, wrote Common Sense, a call to arms for the colonists to declare independence |
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| First President of the United States, General of the Continental Army |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| 1st American Constitution, 1776 wasn’t ratified till 1781. It didn’t work because it wasn’t a strong enough central government |
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| First battle of the U.S. Revolution (Shot Heard Around the World) |
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| Big win in the Revolutionary War, caused US to gain momentum, helped french gain confidence in Americans winning making them want to give more money and not be worried about losing it |
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| Final war of the American Revolution |
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| Constitution created on the Mayflower, First Constitution of the new land |
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| Pushing for more national power, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay. Persuade people to believe in the constitution and sign off on the constitution |
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| Elements of the U.S. Constitution |
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Republicanism - democracy of a republic/elected representatives
Checks and Balances - keeping all the different branches of government equal
Federalism - Divided power between central authority (the government) and the people.
Separation of Powers -Separation of state and legislative powers.
Popular Sovereignty -it is the belief that the government is run by the people, and that the people have the power in government. |
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| 13th/14th/15th Amendments |
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| 13th freed the blacks, 14th made them citizens, 15th all men can vote. |
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| From 1861-1865, the south attempted to secede from the north in an attempt to gain state’s rights versus a strong central government. |
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| Rights Guaranteed by the Bill of Rights |
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1- Press Assembly Petition Expression/Speech Religion (PAPER)
2- right to bear arms, state has right to militia
3- don't have to quarter soldiers in peacetime
4- right to privacy, need search warrant and probable cause
5- legal procedure (grand jury, due process, lawyer)
6- the right to a speedy and public trail
7- certain civil cases get a jury
8- no excessive bails or fines, no cruel or unusual punishment
9- Certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people
10- the powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. |
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| A post civil war age in which lobbyists, swindlers, and shady politicians were highly powerful but very criticized. |
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| Partner of Jay Gould in the big gold scandal where the two men tried to corner the gold market by using strategical methods of buying and selling stocks. |
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| Spent over $2,500,000 in bribes and investments for the gold scandal |
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| Famous political cartoonist/exposed Boss Tweed |
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| District commissioner of New York, influence on immigration Corruption in NY |
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| Sold stocks to congressmen for discount prices to keep them quiet/Railroad scandal |
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| A bargain made between democrats and Hayes after the election of 1876. This compromise allowed Hayes to take office as long as he withdrew troops from the south. |
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| 20th president that was assassinated, Supported civil rights for African Americans, Proposed Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act |
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| Made the term "Seperate but Equal" legal, Whites still saw the colored people as inferior in the end |
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| An act passed that greatly restricted Chinese immigration to the United States due to the surge of Chinese immigrants who took too many US jobs. |
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| Invented the light bulb and many other items |
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| Steel boss, also the first person to implement the Bessemer's process into the refining of steel |
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| Founder of Standard Oil and richest man in American history. Used both vertical and horizontal integration along with the increasing demand of oil in America to increase his wealth exponentially. |
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| Theory of “survival of the fittest” developed by Charles Darwin. |
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| Book by Carnegie about philanthropy. |
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| An agreement between an employee and an employer not to join a labor union. |
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| Began as a rally in support of striking workers. An unknown person threw a dynamite bomb at police as they dispersed the public meeting. The bomb blast and ensuing gunfire resulted in the deaths of eight police officers, mostly from friendly fire, and an unknown number of civilians |
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| American Federation of Labor |
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| Skilled professionals only |
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| Allowed almost anybody in |
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| Chief of Sioux. Pacifistic. |
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| General that led his troops to death in the battle of Little Bighorn |
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| Leader of Nez Perce that was a strong humanitarian. |
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| Savage native Apache. Jumped off of a cliff, sparking a widespread chant to scream when jumping into a pool. |
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| Writer that became an activist for Native American rights in America. |
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| Arrows. Lots of arrows. Just kidding. Deadliest battle between Native Americans and US armed forces. |
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| Adopted by Congress in 1887, authorized the President of the United States to survey Indian tribal land and divide the land into allotments for individual Indians |
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| A battle in 1876 between the Sioux Indians and the men of General Custer. Custer went in to the battle very overconfident and got his men slaughtered. |
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| The original members of the U.S. 10th cavalry regiment. This name was given to them by the Native Amuricans because it consisted of all African American soldiers. |
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| Allowed settlers to move west to unsettled land if they could improve the area under a contract (5 years) |
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| Funneled the unemployed into the western territories |
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| After Mckinley was assassinated in 1901, Roosevelt took office and served two terms. Took a four year break and created the Bull Moose party to oppose Taft. (fat) |
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| Trust Buster and started dollar diplomacy which encouraged people to spend U.S currency in other countries. |
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| Wrote a book “How the Other Half Lives” about the poor people in places like NYC |
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Republican Senator
Friends with Teddy |
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| Ran for president many times but never won |
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Attempted an assassination on Teddy
Crazy |
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| Had to have a strong Navy so you can control the waters. His book, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History came out in 1890, convinced US government to strengthen navy. |
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| New York Journal publisher, Yellow journalism problem during the conflict with Cuba. |
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The Maine Explosion
-an uprising in Havana (the Cuban capitol) showed how Spain wasn’t even in control of its own officials in cuba
-in response, President McKinley sent the battleship Maine to Havana Harbor to show concern over the crisis and to protect American citizens and property, if necessary
-Feb 15, the ship was exploded in Havana Harbor killing 260 American officers and crew. |
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-”Remember the Maine! To war with Spain!”
-many people thought Spain had blown up the ship, but there was no evidence to prove it |
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| Banking tycoon, art collector, and financer. |
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Yellow journalist
muckrakers
exposed Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Company |
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*Settlement House Movement (Hull House was her house)*
(a social reformer) remarked in “Why the Ward Boss Rules,” saying that laborers needed a job tended to vote for whichever boss promised to promote their application to employers
Appointed to board of education in 1905
Received the first honorary degree from Harvard as a woman.
First women to win the Nobel Peace Prize |
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| Born into a middle class family, never a slave, Harvard grad with PhD, wanted equal rights, African Americans should work with other African American groups instead of white groups. founder of NAACP |
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American Labor Union Leader
Arrested for 3 months
Arrested again for 10 yrs |
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Oil Tycoon
Standard Oil Company
Richest Man |
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| Allows congress to collect an income tax |
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| Allowed for the direct election of senators |
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| Roosevelt’s addition to the Monroe Doctrine saying that America will step in on the behalf of Latin American countries and take their debt for them. |
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| Is a concept in foreign affairs, which usually refers to the policy in 1899 allowing multiple Imperial powers access to China, with none of them in control of that country. |
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| China kicked out all the foreigners because they got pissed |
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| The fleet of ships America showed off to the world to show our power |
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| The Root-Takahira Agreement |
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| 1908 - Roosevelt settled a war between Japan and Russia |
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| The term "muckraker" was used to refer in a general sense to a writer who investigates and publishes truthful reports to perform an auditing or watchdog function. |
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| 1906 - United States Congress Act that worked to prevent adulterated or misbranded meat and meat products from being sold as food |
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| 1906 - Foods have to tell the consumer what is in the food or drug |
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| Teddy's progressive polictical party he started. |
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