• MA bay puritan banished for criticizing the colony's ministers/magistrates 
• believed God's saints were exempt from rules of good behavior & laws of commonwealth
• went to Rhode Island

• org. Mass bay company
• puritans
• john winthrop=governor
• created General Court
• right to vote/hold office- male church members
• churches only open to "visible saints"

• pilgrims
• led by John Robinson & William Bradford
• set up joint stock co
• mayflower compact
• bradford=first governor, wrote Of Plymouth Plantation
• 1/2 died but squanto helped

• set up house of burgesses- advisory body to colony's governors, seed of system of elected representative gov in Am.
• John Smith=governor, colony would have failed w/out him
• established by london company
• wanted to spread christianity and mine for Au, Cu, Ag
• jamestown=first permanent colony in new world
• lacked skilled pioneers
• discovery of tobacco helped colony
• permitted tenancy & ownership of land to attract settlers
• charter eventually revoked, became royal colony 

• minister of church of England
• opposed alliance of church & gov
• sin to take land from indians w/out buying
• economic pressure from gen court-> ordered to leave colony
• founded providence- all religions tolerated, church & state seperate 

• portugal=africa
• spain= Caribbean & Americas

• armed rebellion against gov of virginia, Berkeley
• hated him b/c of his favoritism, economic exploitation, and indian policy
• bacon refused to authorize expedition against indians
• jamestown burned to the ground
• berkley fled
• bacon died & english navy came to restore order
• common interests of bacon & green spring factions= cheap labor

• MA charter revoked & all colonies north of PA became dominion of NE
• governor= Edmund Andros, abolished assemblies, enforced religious toleration, changed land-grant system
• after glorious revolution dominion ended and Andros put in jail
• MA made royal colony w/ main & plymouth

• gov civil covenant & principal; mechanism for policing institutions on which maintenance of social order depended
• puritan communities close knit & crime was rare
• area governed=large so ppl relied on town rules

• founded by philanthropics from london
• wanted buffer between spain in FL and carolinas
• leader=james oglethorpe
• entry of blacks prohibited
• alcohol banned
• eventually became royal colony

• spanish officials promised freedom of american slaves who escaped to florida
• inspired uprising of SC slaves

• leader= daniel shays, veteran of battle of bunker hill
• led armed rebellion of W MA farmers
• wanted to prevent state courts from foreclosing on debtors unable to pay taxes
• rebellion convinced nationalists that gov needed to be stronger to suppress such rebellions

• designed to bring gold&silver into royal treasury
• to develop imperial merchant fleet
• channel flow of colonial raw materials in england
• keep foreign goods&vessels out of colonial ports
• originated b/c stuff competition w/ dutch
• ships from colonies to england- capt. and 3/4 of crew had to be english
• enumerated articles could not be shipped out of empire
• all european goods going 2 colonies had to go through england first
• growing tobacco in england was prohibited
• wool and iron acts

• part of navigation acts
• goods such as tobacco, cotton, & indigo couldn't be shipped out of empire

• result of navigation acts
• prohibited export of colonial wool cloth

• outlawed construction of rolling & sitting mills in colonies

• fears that son of James II would establish catholic dynasty
• king exiled in order to secure english Protestantism and parliament's power
• resulted in collapse of dominion of new england

• plan by William Penn
• government of PA
• created week legislature and strong executive
• contained provision about religious freedom

Fundamental Orders

• design for Connecticut gov
• modeled off MA bay 
• voters did not have to be members of the church 

• gold and silver- prosperity&power
• not a lot to be mined in W europe
• "el dorado"- spanish --> many wars
• in 1700's ppl realized they could be self sufficient & export more than import
• "favorable balance of trade"
• colonies supplied raw materials 2 england
• s colonies- imp 4 raw materials 
• parliament encouraged tariffs on foreign goods

• religious revival movement
• sparked by tour of minister Whitefield
• divided congregations and weakened authority of churches
• first truly national event
• resulted in creation of many colleges 

• after boston tea party
• boston port act- harbor closed until tea paid for
• admin. of justice act- cases tried out of MA
• MA gov act- charter revised, governor=more power
• *marked brit change in colonies

• formed by colonial radicals
• set up communication among the colonies
• chief step in creating organized colonial wide resistance movement

• prime minister walter walpole
• chose to ignore american smuggling of goods

• colonies being taxed but not colonial representation in parliament
• after sugar act colonial slogan became "no taxation without representation"

• france out of N. Am. except 2 islands near newfoundland
• brit= E of Mississippi Valley & Canada
• Spain= Philippines, Cuba, New Orleans 

• created proclamation line
• colonials couldn't go w of line
• to protect colonials from indians and vice versa
• colonials resented & failed to comply

• passed by PM Grenville
• placed tariffs on sugar, coffee, wines, and other imported in large amounts
• colonials must be tried in brit courts

• "the pot set to boiling"
• needed to buy stamp to sell newspapers, legal docs, pamphlets, ext.
• stamp act congress created in MA, passed res. against act
• houses of stamp masters raided

• english believed that colonial interests were represented in parliament
• colonies wanted actual representation

• written by thomas paine
• call for independence and establishment of republican government

• ended revolutionary war
• british agreed to recognize american independence 
• gave US trans-Appalachian territories
• congress urged to return land to loyalists
• brit troops were to be removed
• spain received E and W florida

• first constitution in US
• limited central authority 
• gov didn't have right to tax or regulate trade
• proved to be weak, and failed

• passed but never put into action
• wanted divide public domain into states and grant settlers the right to self-governemnt 

• established governments in NW territory
• prohibited slavery n of ohio river
• set up process for admittance of these new states  

• used by british navy during napoleonic wars
• impressed seamen from neutral vessels, including neutralized americans
• angered Americans
• eventually led to war of 1812

• peace commissioner sent to france by john adams
• french demanded bribe as a condition for negotiating w/ americans
• federalists demanded war with france

• written by madison and jefferson
• declared alien/sedition acts to be unconstitutional
• said states had the right to declare acts null and void

• failed slave rebellion
• gabriel prosser led 1,000 slaves in an attack on richmond
• prosser and followers were executed

• ruled that judiciary act of 1789 was unconstitutional
• established precedent of judicial review of federal laws

• provoked by the Chesapeake incident 
• prohibited exports from US ports
• jefferson hoped to pressure B & F into recognizing neutral rights
• damaged economy and bitterly resented

• intended to protect manufacturers from foreign comp
• created by henry clay
• in return for eastern support for federal aid to rr and canal construction, W would back protective tariffs
• arrangement would stimulate manufacturing and for raw materials, and increase market for manufactured goods

• britain & america
• mostly over british restrictions on american shipping

• federalist party disappeared
• non partisan harmony

• group of federalists met in hartford
• protest war of 1812 and propose amendments to constitution
• wanted to protect commercial interests of new england
• amendments:repeal 3/5 comp, require 2/3 vote to admission of states and declaring war, reduced congress's power to restrict trade, illegal for naturalized citizens to hold national office

• led by daniel shays
• freed prisoners in debt
• prevented state supreme court from meeting in springfield
• attacked springfield arsenal
• most ppl considered rebellion as "liberty run mad"
• illustrated clash between local and national interests

• supreme court prohibited stated from interfering with privileges granted to a private corporation
• charter granted by a state was a contract and could not be canceled without consent of both parties
• caused states to spell out limitations of corporate charters in greater detail

• ruled that 2nd bank of US was constitution
• affirmed doctrine of implied powers
• state gov could not tax federal agencies such as the bank

• missouri=slave state
• maine=free state
• slavery banned from Louisiana territory north of 36 30 line

• american continents to longer open to colonization
• US would not interfere with european affairs

• believed ppl could be educated 2 determine what was right, and believed ppl knew what was right by instinct
• knowledge & judgement of ppl improved
• avoided taking stand on issues
• like a conservative GW
• epitomized Am ideals
• appointed a lot of new politicians
• vetoed a dozen bills
• favored constitutionally limited gov
• poor administrator 

• passed by congress in 1830
• provided funds for removing and resettling eastern indians to the west
• granted the president to use force if necessary
• enacted during Jackson's presidency

• issued by jackson
• purchaser must pay for land in gold or silver

• began canal boom of 1820's and 1830's
• financed by NY with public funds
• immediate financial sucess

• president monroe's secretary of state
• elected president in 1824
• unsuccessful 
• supported internal improvements
• aid to manufacturing and agriculture
• refused to use power of appointment to win support 
• won presidency by a "corrupt bargain"

• waltham mill employed young unmarried women to work in textile mills
• ran by Boston Associates
• mass production 

• wife left earning a living to her husband
• his sphere was public, hers was private
• women devoted to care of husband and children

• used by jackson
• replaced government officials
• eliminated crooks & incompetents
• outed some officials b/c didn't want anyone in office for too long
• did not rotate civil servants in war/navy department
• wanted to punish those who attacked him during campaign

• congress revised protective tariff law by raising tariff rates
• ant-tariff southerners appalled
• calhoun provoked to write "south carolina exposition and protest"

• publisher of "the liberator"
• abolitionist
• called for immediate emancipation of slaved and for racial equality
• repelled moderate abolitionists and general public

• transcendentalist thinker
• optimistic and self-confident
• glorified individualism and self-reliance
• wrote" the american scholar"

• virginia slave
• led brief but bloody slave revolt against local whites
• revolt fails
• turner captured and executed
• revolt terrified southern whites

• americans feared immigration

• antislavery barnburners of dem party & abolitionist liberty party
• nominated Martin Van Buren for president
• opposed expansion of slavery into territories

• SC convention nullified tariff of 1832
• jackson threatened to use fed troops to force SC to obey law
• compromise tariff of 1833: called for gradual reduction of tariff rates

• ben franklin
• rejected
• representatives from northern colonies and Iroquois nations
• each colonial leg would elect delegates to a national assembly presided over by a royal governer
• suggested during french and indian war