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| the acquisition by the United States of America of 828,000 square miles (2,140,000 km2) of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana in 1803. The U.S. paid 60 million francs ($11,250,000) plus cancellation of debts worth 18 million francs ($3,750,000), for a total sum of 15 million dollars (less than 3 cents per acre) for the Louisiana territory ($219 million in 2010 dollars, less than 42 cents per acre). |
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| the first transcontinental expedition to the Pacific Coast by the United States. Commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson and led by two Virginia-born veterans of Indian wars in the Ohio Valley, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark |
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| a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States of America and those of the British Empire. The Americans declared war in 1812 for several reasons, including trade restrictions because of Britain's ongoing war with France, impressment of American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy, British support of American Indian tribes against American expansion, and over national honour after humiliations on the high seas |
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| the act of taking men into a navy by force and without notice, it was used by the Royal Navy, beginning in 1664 and during the 18th and early 19th centuries |
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| hartford convention (1814) |
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| an event spanning from December 15, 1814–January 4, 1815 in the United States during the War of 1812 in which New England's opposition to the war reached the point where secession from the United States was discussed |
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| represented an effort to solve an issue in the U.S. Supreme Court during the early 19th century |
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| Supreme Court justices had often voiced concern and suggested that the judges of the Supreme and circuit courts be divided |
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| the doctrine under which legislative and executive actions are subject to review (and possible invalidation) by the judiciary. Specific courts with judicial review power must annul the acts of the state when it finds them incompatible with a higher authority |
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| signed on 24 December 1814, in Ghent (modern day Belgium, then in limbo between the First French Empire and United Kingdom of the Netherlands), was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
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| took place on January 8, 1815 and was the final major battle of the War of 1812 |
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| the Chief Justice of the United States (1801–1835) whose court opinions helped lay the basis for American constitutional law and made the Supreme Court of the United States a coequal branch of government along with the legislative and executive branches |
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| marbury vs. madison (1803) |
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a landmark case in United States law and in the history of law worldwide. It formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution
The case resulted from a petition to the Supreme Court by William Marbury, who had been appointed by President John Adams as Justice of the Peace in the District of Columbia but whose commission was not subsequently delivered |
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| a landmark United States Supreme Court decision. The first case in which the Supreme Court ruled a state law unconstitutional, the decision also helped create a growing precedent for the sanctity of legal contracts, and hinted that Native Americans did not hold title to their own lands |
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| McCulloch vs. maryland (1819) |
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| a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland |
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| dartmouth college vs. woodward (1819) |
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| United States Supreme Court case dealing with the application of the Contract Clause of the United States Constitution to private corporations. The case arose when the president of Dartmouth College was deposed by its trustees, leading to the New Hampshire legislature attempting to force the college to become a public institution and thereby place the ability to appoint trustees in the hands of the governor |
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| cohens vs. virginia (1821) |
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| most noted for John Marshall and the Court's assertion of its power to review state supreme court decisions in criminal law matters when the plaintiff claims that their Constitutional rights have been violated. The Court had previously asserted a similar jurisdiction over civil cases involving American parties. |
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| the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce was granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution. The case was argued by some of America's most admired and capable attorneys at the time |
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| an important political figure in the early history of the United States of America. After serving as a Continental Army officer in the Revolutionary War, Burr became a successful lawyer and politician. He was elected twice to the New York State Assembly |
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| American laws restricting American ships from engaging in foreign trade between the years of 1807 and 1812 |
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| became law in the United States on May 1, 1810, was intended to motivate Britain and France to stop seizing American vessels during the Napoleonic Wars. This bill was a revision of the original bill by Representative Nathaniel Macon |
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| a term originally used to describe members of the Twelfth Congress of the United States who advocated waging war against the British in the War of 1812 |
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| a leading politician and political theorist from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century. Calhoun eloquently spoke out on every issue of his day, but often changed positions |
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| a lawyer, politician and skilled orator who represented Kentucky separately in both the Senate and in the House of Representatives. He served three different terms as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives and was also Secretary of State from 1825 to 1829. |
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| a period in United States political history in which partisan bitterness abated. It lasted approximately from 1815 to 1825, during the administration of U.S. President James Monroe, who deliberately downplayed partisanship |
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| Introduced following a report from Secretary of the Treasury Alexander J. Dallas and adopted by the Fourteenth Congress, the tariff was staunchly supported by Henry Clay, then Speaker of the House, who saw the measure as important to support developing American industries |
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| rush-bagot agreement (1817) |
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a treaty between the United States and Britain ratified by the United States Senate on April 16, 1817
The treaty stipulated that the United States and British North America could each maintain one military vessel (no more than 100 tons burden) as well as one cannon (no more than eighteen pounds) on Lake Ontario and Lake Champlain |
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| a treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that gave Florida to the U.S. and set out a boundary between the U.S. and New Spain (now Mexico). It settled a standing border dispute between the two countries and was considered a triumph of American diplomacy |
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| the first major financial crisis in the United States, and had occurred during the political calm of the Era of Good Feelings. The new nation previously had faced a depression following the war of independence in the late 1780s and led directly to the establishment of the dollar and, perhaps indirectly, to the calls for a Constitutional Convention |
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| missouri compromise of 1820 |
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| an agreement passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories |
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| a policy of the United States introduced on December 2, 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression requiring U.S. intervention |
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| a waterway in New York that runs about 363 miles (584 km) from Albany, New York, on the Hudson River to Buffalo, New York, at Lake Erie, completing a navigable water route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes |
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| an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing the first commercially successful steamboat |
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| an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the South |
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| an early English-American industrialist known as the "Father of the American Industrial Revolution", (a phrase coined by Andrew Jackson) or the "Father of the American Factory System" because he brought British textile technology to America |
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| a labor and production model employed in the United States, particularly in New England, during the early years of the American textile industry in the early 19th Century. |
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| an African American slave brought to the United States from the Caribbean of Coromantee background. After purchasing his freedom, he planned what would have been one of the largest slave rebellions in the United States. Word of the plans was leaked, and at Charleston, South Carolina, authorities arrested the plot's leaders before the uprising could begin. Vesey and others were tried, convicted and executed |
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| decline and death of federalist party |
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| the federalist reactions to the alien and sedition acts, the rivalry between hamilton and adams, the fear of Monarchism, the expense of raging a undeclared war with france, the rise of the democrtic spirit, and the federalists contempt for the masses led to it |
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| marshall and his supreme court decisions |
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Marshall's Court brought to life the constitutional standards of the new nation
Marshall gave it the energy, weight, and dignity of a third co-equal branch |
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| what caused jeffersonian democracy to develop? |
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it was built on: Expanded Suffrage, Manifest Destiny, Patronage, Strict Constructionism, Laissez-faire Economics, and Banking
people believed in this |
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| second party system compared to first |
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1st:beginning of this new system and a new concept
2nd: caracterized by rising voter interest |
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| rise and development of political parties |
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whigs and democrats --> whigs, free-soilers, and democrats --> whigs, free-soilers, democrats, and republicans
--> democrats and republicans |
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| hamilton's economic program created the poliitical issues for the next 50 years |
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| significance of the 1824 election |
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| known as the corrupt bargain, adams one thanks to clay's support |
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| was considered a second war for independence |
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| foreign policy united and divided americans between 1800 and 1824 |
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| the interests of the west were satisfied by neither the jeffersonians nor the federalists between 1789 and 1815 |
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| provisions and impact of the monroe doctrine |
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| the Doctrine warned that the United States was no longer to be considered an area open to European influence or colonization. The US promised not to interfere in the affairs of Europe and Europe would respect that the Western Hemisphere was closed to colonization by any power |
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| a program for economic development, ideas put into practice would be the building of the National Road, the chartering of the Second Bank of the United States in 1816, and the first protective tariff, which was passed in 1816 |
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