Term
|
Definition
| Pilgrims who argued for a break from the Church of England; sailed to America via the Mayflower and established the settlement at Plymouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| society naturally punishes criminals indiscriminantly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protestant church led by the king of England, independent of Catholic Church |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first permanent English settlement in the Americas (1607) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| established Jamestown settlement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| successfully cultivated tobacco in Jamestown; married Pocahontas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| foundation for self-government laid out by the first Massachusetts settlers before arriving on land |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| devised concept of "city on a hill" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| settlers work for 7 years upon arriving to colonies before they go out work on their own |
|
|
Term
| Maryland Act of Religious Toleration (1694) |
|
Definition
| Maryland was haven for people of all religious beliefs |
|
|
Term
| King James I and King Charles I |
|
Definition
| English kings reluctant to give colonists their own government; preferred to appoint royal governors |
|
|
Term
| William Penn and the Quakers |
|
Definition
| settled in Pennsylvania; believed the "Inner Light" could speak through any person and ran religious services without ministers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| separation of church and state |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "divine inspiration"; religious tolerance; Rhode Island |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provided a partial church membership for the children and grandchildren of church members |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first English attempt of a settlement (1578) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| largest rebellion in colonial history; indentured servants rebelled against Governor Berkeley of Virginia because he would not remove Native Americans from westward lands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| only English and American ships allowed to colonial ports |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| colonies could only trade with mother country (England) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| little to no sympathy for colonial legislatures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combined several colonies into one "supercolony" governed by Sir Edmond Andros, a "supergovernor" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| William and Mary banished James II from England; allowed more power to colonial legislatures; start of salutory neglect; showed that Parliament had more power than monarchs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| established colony of Georgia as a "debtor's prison"; became buffer zone between colonies and Spanish Florida |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emphasis on human reason, logic and science |
|
|
Term
| The First Great Awakening |
|
Definition
| 1730s and 1740s; religious revival; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proposed by Benjamin Franklin; attempt at forming a union of the colonies "under one government as far as might be necessary for defense and other general important purposes" during the French and Indian War |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| competing for Ohio River Valley for trade; French threat at the borders was no longer present--colonies didn't need English protection; more independent stand against Britain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prohibited settlements west of Appalachian; restricted colonial growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| search warrants on shipping to reduce smuggling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1767; raised colonial taxes to pay colonial officials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1764; raised colonial taxes on sugar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1765; taxes on all legal documents in colonies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| agreed to not import British goods until Stamp Act was repealed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passed in response to Stamp Acts; says the British are being unfair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prohibited colonies from issuing paper money |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organized and controlled resistance against Parliamentary acts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allowed Parliament to completely legislate over the colonies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resulted from tension between colonists and British soldiers; five civilians killed; Crispus Attucks--first man killed |
|
|
Term
| Committees of Correspondence |
|
Definition
| loose connection of colonies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1773; lowered tea prices for British East India Company which put colonial smugglers out of business |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1773; destruction of British tea in Boston Harbor by colonists dressed as Indians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allowed for a Catholic bishop in Quebec; Americans argue that the British are infringing on their freedom of religion |
|
|
Term
| Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts) |
|
Definition
| response to Boston Tea Party; closed Boston Harbor and punished Boston with more restriction of rights |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| last-warning to King George III--urged for more freedom to colonies |
|
|
Term
| Thomas Paine, "Common Sense" |
|
Definition
| stressed to colonists British maltreatment and emphasized need for revolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first US president; set precedents for future presidents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enraged Americans rebelled because of whiskey tax (under Washington's presidency) to pay off national debt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| colonists that were loyal to the British crown; rejected American Revolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Horatio Gates (American general) defeated British; France decides to support America--turning point in American Revolution |
|
|
Term
| First Continental Congress |
|
Definition
| 1774; drafted list of grievances to King; prepared for war |
|
|
Term
| Second Continental Congress |
|
Definition
| draft Declaration of Independece |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1781; last major battle in Revolutionary War; American troops defeated Cornwallis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| full American independence |
|
|
Term
| Articles of Confederation |
|
Definition
| first American government; loose; gave so much power to states that it was ineffective |
|
|
Term
| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
|
Definition
| defined process for territories to become states; forbade slavery in the new territories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pushed for Assumption (federal government to assume state debts); pushed for creation of National Bank; loose interpretation of Constitution; leader of Federalist Party |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strong central government; separation of powers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| poor farmers angered by crushing debt and state taxes; forced people to think about central government |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two senators per state; representation in the House based on population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bicameral congressional representation based on population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| equal representation in unicameral congress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "necessary and proper" clause; gives Congress power to pass laws it deems necessary to enforce Constitution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strong central government; elitist; separation of church and state; think Alexander Hamilton |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| states' rights; bill of rights; common people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strict interpretation of Constitution; power to states; agrarian view; power to the people; think Thomas Jefferson |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| established federal district courts; Supreme Court has final jurisdiction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proposed by Hamilton to repair war debts; selling of securities and federal lands, assumption of state debts, set up National Bank |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polarized North and South |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Britain would force American sailors to serve in British Navy; one of the causes of the War of 1812 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1794; British withdrawal from the posts that they occupied in the Northwest Territory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| states could refuse to enforce federal laws the deemed unconstitutional |
|
|
Term
| Washington's Farewell Address |
|
Definition
| warned against foreign alliances and political parties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| French foreign minister (Talleyrand) demanded a bribe in in exchange for a meeting with American peace commission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1798; designed to protect the United States from alien citizens of enemy powers and to stop seditious attacks from weakening the government |
|
|
Term
| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions |
|
Definition
| states could determine whether or not laws passed by Congress were unconstitutional |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1790s-1840s; emphasized personal salvation and individual faith |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Madison did not have to give Marbury judge position; re-inforced checks and balances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prohibited trade from American ports; attempted to prevent American involvement in Napoleonic Wars; under Jefferson |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prohibited trade from American ports; attempted to prevent American involvement in Napoleonic Wars; under Jefferson |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clay and Calhoun; pushed for War of 1812 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| died one month into presidency (1840) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Monror Presidency; post-war (War of 1812) boom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| US is "big brother" to western hemispher; western hemisphere is closed to European expansion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1820; Maine admitted as free stae, Missouri admitted as slave state; slavery prohibited in North; popular sovereignty on slave issue in South |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remainder of Florida sold to US by Spain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "corrupt bargain" and backroom deal for JQA to win over Andrew Jackson (Clay convinced House to choose JQA, and JQA appointed Clay to Secretary of State) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| JQA's protectionist tariff; messed up Southern economy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "common man"; removal of Native Americans; spoils system--Kitchen Cabinet; strong executive branch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1830; relocation of Indian tribes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Georgia cannot enforce American laws on Indian tribes |
|
|
Term
| Lowell mill/Lowell system |
|
Definition
| young women employed by Lowell's textile company |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| invented by Eli Whitney in 1793; increased slavery in South |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vetoed by Jackson since government funds for the Maysville Road would only benefit one state |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| led by Henry Clay (anti-Jackson); believed in expanding federal power on economy, encouraged industrial development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| worked to reform American education system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| newspaper calling for immediate abolition of slavery; editor=William Lloyd Garrison |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1848; women's rights; led by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| utopian society for communalism; complex marriage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ralph Waldo Emerson; spiritual unity b/w God, humanity and nature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1831; slave rebellion in Virginia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mexicans held siege on the Alamo and killed many Texans; inspiration for Mexican-American War |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| US was destined to span breadth of entire continent |
|
|
Term
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
|
Definition
| 1848; ended Mexican-American War |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first gold discovered (1848); led to Gold Rush |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| purchased Alaska ("Seward's Folly") in 1867 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attempted to ease North-South tensions; included Fugitive Slave Act |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| runaway slaves could be caught in North and be brought back to their masters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| popular sovereignty (Kansas slave, Nebraska free) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1859; John Brown raided armory in an attempt to create an armed slave rebellion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blacks are not considered US citizens; Missouri Compromise declared unconstitutional |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1858; over Senate seat for Illinois; over slavery (Lincoln against, Douglas for popular sovereignty) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1861; Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, beginning of Civil War |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1862; bloodiest battle; encourage Lincoln to give Emancipation Proclamation |
|
|
Term
| Emancipation Proclamation |
|
Definition
| declared slaves in Southern states free |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| End of Reconstruction--federal troops leave South and Hayes becomes President |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| steel industry; vertical integration; wrote "Gospel of Wealth" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| monopoly run by John D. Rockefeller |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| controlling every aspect of production (Rockefeller) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consolidating with competitors to monopolize market |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forbade restraint of trade |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| higher wages, shorter hours, better conditions; "all who toil"; Terrence Powderly |
|
|
Term
| American Federation of Labor |
|
Definition
| Samuel Gompers; skilled craftsmen; less liberal than Knights of Labor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| detectives hired by employers to end strikes |
|
|
Term
| Haymarket Square Incident |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| created Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate railroad industry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| helped lead settlement house movement; co-founded NAACP; created Hull House |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| corrupt political machine boss of Tammany Hall (NYC) |
|
|
Term
| Sherman Silver Purchase Act |
|
Definition
| 1890; government buys silver to back money in addition to gold |
|
|
Term
| Pendleton Civil Service Act |
|
Definition
| ended spoils system; established civil service exams for all government positions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unemployed marched on Washington demanding unemployment relief |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| workers in textile mill unable to escape during fire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contributed to Theodore Roosevelt's natural conservation efforts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| advocated gradual gain of equal rights for African-Americans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| advocated immediate African-American equality; Niagara Movement |
|
|
Term
| Muckrakers (and examples) |
|
Definition
| uncovered corruption during Gilded Age; Ida Tarbell--oil companies; Upton Sinclair (The Jungle)--meat-packing industry; Thomas Nast--politics (brought down Boss Tweed); Jacob Riis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Theodore Roosevelt's plan; regulating corporation, protecting consumers, conserving natural resources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| party Theodore Roosevelt ran under for 3rd term; more progressive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more federal power (especially for progressive reforms) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ideas of Woodrow Wilson; small enterprise, states' rights |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exaggerated media (Pulitzer and Hearst) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| belligerent nationalism against other threatening nations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| led to Spanish-American War (1898) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| US would protect Cuba from European powers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| equal power for Russia and Japan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Taft; government would protect America's foeign investments with any force needed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| British passenger boat (carrying American passengers) sunk by German U-boat) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Germany proposed alliance with Mexico; prompted US entrance into WWI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Committee on Public Information; aimed to gain American support for WWI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hoped to guarantee political independence and integrity of all nations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Espionage Act and Sedition Act |
|
Definition
| under Wilson; forbade any form of criticism of the government and military |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upheld constitutionality of Espionage Act--Congress had right to limit free speech during times of war |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nations to rule by "morality" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| under Wilson; raids of radicals believed to have connections to communism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1924; banned Asian immigrants; reduced quota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fundamentalism v. darwinism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| developed by Henry Ford; raised wages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Equal rights for women; never passed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| critics of society authors of the 1920s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1920s; praised expression of black culture; Langston Hughes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Back to Africa"; separatism; racial pride |
|
|
Term
| Washington Disarmament Conference |
|
Definition
| 1921; worldwide reduction of arms after WWI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Albert Fall accused of accepting bribes for access to government oil in Teapot Dome, Wyoming |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| veterans from WWI sought their pensions early; denied and run out of Washington (by MacArthur) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| FDR's political plan; including many programs to boost economy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| FDR's inner circle of experts |
|
|
Term
| FDR's first "Hundred days" |
|
Definition
| accomplished a great number of relief, recovery and reform efforts |
|
|
Term
| Emergency Banking Relief Act |
|
Definition
| bank holiday declared by FDR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| philosophy that deficit spending during a depression would increase purchasing power and stimulate economy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "King Fish"; "share our wealth" |
|
|
Term
| Congress of Industrial Organizations |
|
Definition
| John Lewis; unskilled labor; "sit-down strkes" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prohibited aiding of belligerent nations (WWII); built up US army |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1941; helped Allied powers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| WWII; turning point in Pacific |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| WWII; invasion of Normandy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| WWII; Russians defeated Germans; turning point in Europe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1945; division of Germany |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| racism riots against Mexican laborers |
|
|
Term
| Fair Employment Practices Commission |
|
Definition
| prohibited discrimination in any government-related work |
|
|
Term
| Desegregation of Armed Forces |
|
Definition
| 1947; Truman desegregates army |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Truman's policies; continuation of New Deal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| developed idea of containment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| support people oppressed by communism and non-democratic governments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| US financial support to European countries to help them recover from WWII |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mao Zedong (communist) takes power in China |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MacArthur (later fired) led American troops to defend South Korea from communist North Korea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loans to veterans for higher education and mortgages after WWI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| harrassed people for communist connections; no proof; increased Red Scare hysteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if one country falls to communism, the surrounding nations will fall also |
|
|
Term
| House Un-American Activities Committee |
|
Definition
| HUAC; attacked public figures to root out communists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| executed for leaking atomic bomb secrets to Soviets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Secretary of State under Eisenhower; "massive retaliation" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1957; Soviets launched Sputnik into space; led to National Defense Education Act |
|
|
Term
| Eisenhower's Farewell Speech |
|
Definition
| warned against miliary-industrial complex (power of military to affect path of democracy) |
|
|
Term
| Brown v. Board of Education |
|
Definition
| 1954; overturned Plessy v. Ferguson; order integration of schools |
|
|
Term
| Southern Christian Leadership Conference |
|
Definition
| led by MLK Jr.; non-violent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Japanese internment=legal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| restricted power of labor unions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Huey Newton--"black power" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| LBJ's domestic plan; civil rights laws; Medicare; Medicaid; aid to education; "War on Poverty" |
|
|
Term
| Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960 |
|
Definition
| voting rights for black americans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first televised presidential debate; Kennedy beat Nixon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rachel Carson--environtmental movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shootings during Vietnam War protest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| JFK; CIA attempt to help Cuban rebels overthrow Castro; US backed out at last minute--defeat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| JFK got Kruschev to remove Soviet missile bases in Cuba |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| investigated JFK assassination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resulted from Bakke v. Board of Regents; sets of programs geared towards minorities; including Immigration Act of 1965 (abolished origins quotas); Civil Rights Act of 1964 (banned public racial discrimination and segregation); Voting Rights Act of 1965 (prohibited tests to deny right to vote) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| National Organization for Women |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cesar Chavez; nonviolent protest and boycott to achieve better working conditions for farmers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gulf of Tonkin Incident/Resolution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1968; showed that America was not about to win; stalemate war |
|
|
Term
| Students for a Democratic Society |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nixon's plan to remove American troops from South Vietnam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| destroy supply rouths to North Vietnam through Cambodia |
|
|
Term
| Strategic Arms Limitation Talks |
|
Definition
| (SALT I); Nixon and USSR agree to nuclear equality; reduced tensions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nixon's domestic policy; federal revenues shared with states |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Resulted in Nixon's resignation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Middle Eastern trust quadrupled price of crude oil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recession and inflation simultaneously; under Ford and Carter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1979; Iran took Americans hostage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| came to Presidency in 1980; smaller government; reduced taxes; free enterprise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| capitalism would become productive when uninhibited by taxes and regulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reagan referred to the Soviet Union as an "Evil Empire" |
|
|
Term
| Berlin wall torn down in...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
