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| response to French threat in the West; 7 colonies gathered. Wanted to get Iroquois to abandon their neutrality and coordinate defenses of colonies; did neither; at this time war was already underway |
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in charge of British war effort in 1757
agreed to reimburse colonies war funds, gaining American support and so Iroquois allied with them
Montreal was the last stronghold captured before American phase of war was over |
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like John Locke
shaman who urged Indians to oppose British incursion
said not to drink alcohol, retaliate if necessary |
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led a war based on Neolin's ideals
formed an alliance with Indians and took over 8 British forts
Britain called for a peace talk, where they discussed the Proc. of 1763 |
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King of Britain
tried to solve problem of Britain's debt from the Seven Yr. War
was a bad ruler, immature and unsure of himself |
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Prime Minister of England
selected by King George III
said colonies should be more tightly administered
suggested Anglo-Americans pay a bigger share of Britain's debt
said Britain had right to levy taxes on colonists |
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| group of British writers; stressed dangers of s powerful government and monarch said people had to preserve liberty and the right to private property |
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(Revenue Act, 1764) 1st time they have a revenue tax
they had just been in a depression and so bad economy
aimed at stopping smuggling of molasses
established a vice-admiralty court (no jury, apptd. officials)
Similar to Navigation Acts, but raised revenue and not trade |
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outlawed issues of paper money
Americans had little sterling
colonial paper money was inflated |
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(1765) Proposed by Grenville
required tax on most printed materials
easiest way to tax b/c paper is used so much
tax had to be paid in sterling
effected especially colonial elite
Response: riots, Sons of Liberty |
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| Rights of British Colonies |
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| (James Otis Jr.) Protesting Sugar Act and proposing Stamp Act, questioned Parliament's authority over colonists |
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wrote Virginia Stamp Act Resolves
29 yr old serving 1st term in VA House of Burgesses
powerful speaker, accused of treason for the resolves |
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| Considerations on the Propriety of Imposing Taxes on British Colonies |
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By MD Daniel Dulany
said colonists didn't want independence,
superior didn't have the right to "seize property of his inferior when he pleases" |
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Boston social club of printers, distillers, and artisans who organized a demonstration against the Stamp ACt
hung an effigy of Stamp distributor Andrew Oliver
he promised not to fulfill his duty and they were pleased |
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lieutenant governor and Andrew Oliver's brother in law
house destroyed by South End (of Boston)by patriots |
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inter colonial organization channeling resistance of powerless
made of wealthy merchants, lawyers, etc
linked form S. Carolina to N. Hampshire
mass resistance, channeled revolts against British |
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| Charleston Demonstration of Oct. 1765 and Jan. 1766 |
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9 colonies sent delegates to a congress, met in NY to draft a unified conservative statement of protest
stressed economic effects of Stamp Act
Lord Rockingham comes to power and gets rid of Stamp Act b/c he says the don't have colonists' consent to tax |
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| Non importation act of 1765 |
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Est. by American merchants to pressure Briish exporters b/c Americans had few customers for exported goods
created allies among London merchants in anticipation of the repeal of the Stamp Act |
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Under Lord Rockingham, asserted Parliament's authority to tax and legislate ALL of Britain's American possessions
didn't need colonists' consent anymore
few colonists saw its implications |
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dominant force in London minstry after Pitt
an all of Grenville and supporter of colonial taxation
applied to all items imported from Britain, violating mercantilism
paid the salaries of some royal officials |
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| Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania |
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by John Dickinson
argued that Parliament could regulate colonial trade but couldn't exercised power to raise revenue
obligated colonies to assess Parliament's motives in passing any law |
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responses to Townshend ACts
suggested a joint petition of protest
ministry's reaction unified colonists |
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women encouraging home manufacturing b/c they were they ones buying for their households
met to spin in public to end dependence on British cloth |
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Merchants were enjoying boom times and had no financial reason to support a boycott
they signed agreements in secret and reluctantly |
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| Mobs targeting customs commissionaires seized patriot leader John Hancock's boat, the Liberty, due to suspicion of smuggling |
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| Committees of Correspondence |
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ministry began to implement the Twonshend Act that paid governors and judges with customs revenues
publicized the decision by exchanging letters with other Massachusetts towns |
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led committee of correspondence
member of Sons of Liberty and led American resistance
along with committee created a census in MA |
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| Boston Statement of Rights and Grievances |
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declaring Americans rights to life, liberty, and property. Grievances complained of taxation without representation, unnecessary troops in America
Pamphlet distributed to towns
committed to American rights first, loyalty to England second. |
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May 1773-Parliament passed to save the E. India Co. from bankruptcy
said only E.India Co. could sell tea in America
colonists saw this as admitting Parliament's right to tax
others saw as a monopoly |
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| Dec. 16, 1774- One day before cargo aboard the Darmouth was seized by sustom officers, 5000 met in Old S. Church to persuade them to send tea back to England 60 men, mostly Sons of Liberty, disguised as Indians and dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor |
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