Term
|
Definition
concepts are the essence of all that is worth knowing
classical: the mind is our bridge to the truth
religious: the soul is the bridge, this is how we find our faith |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| matter exists independently of the mind |
|
|
Term
| classical view of realism |
|
Definition
| you need to understand the things around you to make sense of what is real |
|
|
Term
| religious view of realism |
|
Definition
| God has given us what we need to find the truth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scientifically analyzing so that we can understand things |
|
|
Term
| postmodernism/extistenialism |
|
Definition
| reality is a lived experience; you only know by what you've done |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| presenting history in a neutral way or objective position; positivists tend to rely on quantification to develop theories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| saying that objectivity is impossible because everyone approaches the study of history in different ways |
|
|
Term
| 1890s-1950s school of thought |
|
Definition
| American exceptionalism-- Ameridca has done relatively well throughout history) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Revisionist (chanign analysis given new data) |
|
|
Term
| 1970s-1980s school of thought |
|
Definition
| post-revisionist (new analysis after everything has flattened out) |
|
|
Term
| present day school of thought |
|
Definition
| no real synthesis present, we'll have to look back in about 10 years to see what we've accomplished in order to tell |
|
|
Term
| discuss the importance of sugar among French, Holland, and England in the Lesser Antilles |
|
Definition
| sugar was valuable b/c it was a royalty and a commodity, and land was good for processing it. the people wanted profits of sugar, and they wanted more say in trading. The Dutch owned most of the Barbadian slaves, and therefore they received more money from slaves from other nations. |
|
|
Term
| Factors leading to English colonization of the New World |
|
Definition
Population boom in England, so no room for people to live.
Religious persecutions in England
headright system est. and incentive for people to come.
wealthy AND poor turned to America |
|
|
Term
| French settlements in the New World |
|
Definition
started with a settlement in FL, but Spanish forcefully kicked them out, so they went to Canada.
set up fur trade
men went to the trading posts
had good relations w/ natives, esp. Huron
Jesuits also in this area, and were successful in converting b/c the Indians saw them write, survive disease, and predict astrology |
|
|
Term
| Relationship between Powhaton Confederay and Jamestown |
|
Definition
Everyone was starving b/c they didn't know how to farm, and there was a drought (cannibalists emerged)
Powhatans give them corn and show them how to survive
Blamed for taking 2 colonists so colonists captured Pocahantos
Expanding land b/c they're growing tobacco and growins stronger means increasing tension |
|
|
Term
| Impacts (socially, economically, and politically)of headright system |
|
Definition
big male population of low economical status
promoted agriculture (tobacco)
men paid for land so they could elect members to the HOuse of Burgesses, which made the wealthy powerful |
|
|
Term
| Impacts (socially, economically, and politically)of House of Burgesses |
|
Definition
King James did not like it b/c it undermines his authority, so he got rid of it; colonists protest so much that it is reintroduced
wealthy stayed in charge |
|
|
Term
| Impacts (socially, economically, and politically)of indentured servants |
|
Definition
brought more poeple to the colonies (75% were servants)
boosted the economy b/c they had a lot of land and a lot of workeres for tobacco
got land, tools, food, and clothing if they lasted 4-7 yrs, which most did not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hard labor could petition to leave or be sold, not really slaves
servants were white; at the time it was totally different to kill a black person
"seasoning" process to see who survived diseasse (malaria)
it was easier to have servants than slaves b/c slave route was going to the Caribbean |
|
|
Term
| Religious beliefs of Congregationalist Puritans |
|
Definition
thought Church and State should be separated
John Winthrop suggest they work together (communte)to fulfill God's covenant
found Massachusetts Bay Company |
|
|
Term
| Relationship between Massachusetts Bay colonists and New England Indians |
|
Definition
colonies were growing rapidly, so the Indians attacked them
Indians were losing trade b/c they traded with other colonists
war broke out and English won, took some as slaves
learned to coexist and trade when it was mutually beneficial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
said the King doesn't have a right to give away native lands and you need religious toleration
he was put on trial and created Providence (Rhode Island)
Separatist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small investors pooled together their resources, created tension between stockholders and colonists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supervised New Mexico missions to convert non-religous people to Catholicism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| different from Dutchh and French b/c they brought their families; only prospered once they adapted to new environment by tradiing w/ Native Americans, developed agriculturally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| led 500 soldiers and settlers to New Mexico, where they took over the Pueblos and they surrendered; didn't work because it was too far away from any other colony |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| French established trading posts that took over the beaver pelt trading from the French fishermen; the area never really grew |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dutch West India Company established an outpost (Ft. Orange) and remained a small colony focused mainly on trade |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dutch and French alliances, fought to be the prime supplier of pelts to Europeans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
France, the Netherlands, and England all fought for control of tiny Caribbean Islands, mostly for sugar
Spain had control of the Greater Antilles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dif. than others b/c men and women were sent, they started agricultural colonies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tried to annul his marriage to Anne Boleyn b/c he wanted a son, couldn't in the Catholic Church so he formed his own (Church of England) with him at the head |
|
|
Term
| Martin Luther and John Calvin |
|
Definition
| leader of the Protestant Reformation, thought people could interpret the Bible for themselves, rejected the need for Church hierarchy and Church rituals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Group of Puritans who thought the Church was corrupt; they wanted to start a new Church. First went to the Netherlands, where they tolerated everything, so they went to Plymouth aboard the Mayflower (Pilgrims) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Group of Puritans who wanted to reform the Church of England and thought it was salvageable |
|
|
Term
| doctrine of predestination |
|
Definition
| said that God had already determined whether or not we are going to Heaven; people couldn't know for certain if they were saved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| joint-stock company that formed colonies in Virginia, the first permanent English colony in the Western Hemisphere; didn't work very well b/c the investors didn't get $ back right away |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Saved Jamestown by imposing military discipline so they would get work done, 1608 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When Cpt. Smith left jamestown, the settlement experienced starving; more settlers came, including women and children, which improved living conditions, but many still died. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of 6 Algonquian tribes who were responsibe for surival of Jamestown by trading food for knives; ally didn't last b/c although very similar, the differences caused misunderstandings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stable commodity which helped Virginia prosper, land had to expand b/c couldn't be produced in the same field thrice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| each new arrival to Virginia was promised 50 acres if they financed themselves for the trip; appealed to farmers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| immigrants, mostly indentured servants, had to survive the first summer they were in America; 40% died before they could become freemen, mostly from malaria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Separatists and non-Puritans going to Plymouth had to compromise, so they elected a governor and held town meetings, later electing representatives when they started expanding |
|
|
Term
| Massachusetts Bay Company |
|
Definition
| Charles I wasn't tolerant of Puritans, so Congregationalists in England obtained a royal charter to constitue themselves the MA Bay Co., a joint-stock company |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| governed the MA Bay Co. when they transferred to New England, hoped people would live accoring to Christian love |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Puritans decided that since God made a covenant with them, they would make a covenant with each other; expressed their ideas communally in a doctrine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Primary middlemen between the Dutch and Indians; English came and ended their authority; after this Indians mostly resisted incorporation into English society |
|
|
