Term
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Definition
-Europeans wanted to imperialize after Japan beat China
-Worried Amercans
-missionaries, because work was there
-merchants, because they feared Euros would monopolize Chinese markets
-In 1890s, tho, John Hay dispatched the Open Door note
-stick to your spheres of influence
-fair competition
-respect certain Chinese rights
-Imperialist powers signed it barring Russia
-Boxer Rebellion (see other card)
-Later recognized territorial integrity of China (saved from partition like Africa) (Root-Takahira Agreement, 1908) |
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Term
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Definition
1890s-1900
-Chinese rebels who protested control by Western powers
-Known as "boxers" for training in martial arts
-"Kill Foreign Devils"
-murdered >2,000 foreigners, even more Chinese Christians
-besieged foreign capital in Beijing
-Troops of Kaiser tried to quash rebellion
-Ultimately crushed by multinational force of 18,000
-Made China pay $333 mil for damages
-America gave back $18 mil for its share when it found it was too much, used it to educate Chinese students in America |
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Term
| TR's ascent to vice presidency/election |
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Definition
1900
-Boss Platt hated TR as governor of NY, when the latter was hard on corruption and did not give the bosses or corporations any free rides
-Platt convinced Hanna to put TR on McKinley ticket, as the VP job would really mark the end of TR's policial career
-TR campaigned relentlessly, a strong suit of his
-Became president when McKinley was assassinated a few months into his second term
Dems:
-Bryan
-Against imperialism |
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Term
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Definition
1901
-Leon Czolgosz
C Z O L G O S Z
-anarchist
-anarchists thought he was a spy
-@ Pan-American Conference in Buffalo
-TR: "I'm going to carry on McKinley's policy"
-"I'm going to count this as one term" |
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Term
| "Speak softly and carry a big stick, and you will go far" |
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Definition
-1900s
-foreign policy=negotiations, having a strong army
-imperialism
-"Yankee Pond"
Exs of milt. muscle
-Panama Canal
-Roosevelt Corollary
-anthracite coal strike
-G.W. fleet |
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Term
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Definition
1900s-1910s
Necessity:
-Mobilize army at both ends of the country (see: battleship Oregon)
-trade
-defend recent island acquisitions
-Got around Clayton-Bulwer Treaty with Britain, busied with South African Boer War
-Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1900s)
-Experts wanted canal built in Nicaragua
-France wanted to get out of their canal project, which was costing them money
-French Canal Co., Bunau-Varilla lobby for it.
-send Congress a letter with a stamp of volcano in Nicaragua
-Panama was part of Columbia, so U.S. paid the gov't $10 mil, annual $250k payment for canal
-Columbia refused
-Panama revolted
-U.S. said, "Hey. We've got to protect the people of Latin America via the Monroe Doctrine. So we're not letting you suppress this rebellion"
-Hay-Bunau-Varilla treaty signed shortly after, construction began in 1904
-Roosevelt visited canal (first sitting president to leave office) to "watch dirt fly"
-Yellow-fever-curer Gorgas made canal zone "safe as a health resort"
-Col. Goethals finished it |
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Term
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Definition
1900s
-Add-on to Monroe Doctrine
-Latin American debt to European powers worried America that they would imperialise the countries
-Corollary:
-"Preventative intervention"
-any indebted nations would be taken over - aka the customshouses, have their debts paid, and anyone else shoved off miltarily
-Took place with the DR, Cuba |
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Term
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Definition
1904
-TR was asked to negotiate peace treaty
-Japan had waged war with Russia, since it felt like their occupation in China was threatening to the former
-They beat them for a while - a big deal for a non-European country, but the Japanese were weakening, and they did not want Russia to know
-TR agreed - he did not want Russia to totally collapse, to provide a counterweight to Japan's growing power
-Japan's end of the deal:
-no cash indemnity
-no Russian evacuation of Sakhalin Island
-Did get Korea tho
-Japan was mad anyway - felt like it had won
-Russia was mad, as it felt like it had been deprived of victory
-TR also helped arrange peace talks for North African disputes
-earned him Nobel Peace Prize |
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Term
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Definition
1900s
-Lots of (educated) Japanese were coming to America because they didn't like the direction the country was going in
-Also a lot of laborers
-Racists freaked out
-San Francisco school board wanted to force Asian students to go to a segregated school
-Japan was way offended
-TR conducted an agreement:
-San Francisco would let the kids go to one school
-Japan would stop granting passports to America, except for:
-parents, wives, and children of established residents
-former residents
-established agricultural settlers
-prompted G.W. Fleet trip |
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Term
| Define: Brownsville Affair |
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Definition
-When a white bartender was killed and a police officer wounded by gunshot, townspeople accused the members of the 25th Infantry Regiment, a unit of Buffalo Soldiers stationed at nearby Fort Brown. Although commanders said the soldiers had been in the barracks all night, evidence was planted against them.
-President Theodore Roosevelt ordered their dishonorable discharge
-no civil service jobs
-Found out he was wrong, but couldn't admit it |
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Term
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Definition
1903
-No giving/accepting rebates, or there's a fine |
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Term
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Definition
1906
-No free passes - you have to be fair to ALL manufacturers
-Interstate Commerce Commission was expanded to include express cos., sleeping-car cos., and pipelines
-able to enforce stuff |
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Term
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Definition
1900s
-really thought there were good/bad trusts
-Wasn't so sure it was good economic policy, but wanted to let corps know that they were subject to regulation by the gov't
-Brought a lawsuit against Northern Securities Co., owned by J.P. Morgan and James J. Hill, which had a virtual monopoly over railroads in the Northeast
-ordered by the Supreme Court to break the company down
-gave blessing for Morgan's U.S. Steel to absorb Tennessee Coal and Iron Co. |
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Term
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Definition
MEAT!
-Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle" exposed horrible sanitation of Chicago meatpacking industry (1906)
-real aim was to expose plight of immigrant workers then
-Meat Inspection Act (1906)
-meat prepped over state lines was subject to fed. inspection
-drove out little guys, helped nat'l chains, who got a stamp of approval
-Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
-no adulteration/mislabeling of foods and pharmaceuticals |
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Term
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Definition
1877
-fed. gov't sold land cheaply if the purchaser agreed to irrigate the soil w/in 3 yrs |
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Term
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Definition
1891
-authorized pres to set aside public forests as nat'l parks and other reserves |
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Term
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Definition
1894
-distributed land to the states on the condition that it was irrigated and settled. |
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Term
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Definition
1902
Gov't authorized to collect $ from the sale of public lands and then use the funds for irrigation projects |
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Term
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Definition
"rational use," head of Division of Forestry
v.
strict preservationist in Sierra Club
both conservationists |
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Term
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Definition
Call of the Wild (1903) made city-dwellers long for nature as an escape
Sierra Club (1892), Boy Scouts (1910) were likewise |
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Term
| "The preservationists lost a major battle in YEAR when the federal gov't allowed the city of WHAT to build a damn for its municipal water supply in WHERE? |
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Definition
1913, San Fran, Hetch Hetchy Valley
Muir was not pleased |
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Term
| When did the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire occur? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1908
-authorized nat'l banks to issue emergency currency backed by various kinds of collateral
-precursor to Federal Reserve Act of 1913 |
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Term
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Definition
-bosses said it was from TR's trust busting
-1907
-lasted a few months
-Wall Street really wanted the panic to last after the election
-called attention to need for more elastic medium of exchange |
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Term
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Definition
-no zest, personality of a political leader like TR
-More mild progressive...still sided with old guard economically (?)
-U.S. Steel busting
-busted more trusts than TR, conserved more land
-fired some of TR's staff |
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Term
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Definition
| -socialist elected to Congress in 1910 |
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Term
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Definition
-conserved more than TR
-established Bureau of Mines
-Erased w/ Ballinger-Pinchot quarrel of 1910
-Sec. of Interior Ballinger opened public lands in the West, and was criticized by Pinchot, who was head of the Agriculture Dept's Chief of Forestry
-Taft fired Pinchot on narrow grounds of insubordination |
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Term
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Definition
1900s-1910s (and beyond)
-Taft encouraged Wall Street to give surplus $ to foreign areas of strategic concern
-supposed to strengthen American defense and foreign policy, while giving prosperity to homeland, too.
-Knox implemented this in China's Manchuria, where Knox and some other American/foreign bankers buy the railroads and give them back to the Chinese under a self-liquidating arrangement
-Russia and Japan rejected this
-Lots of $ went to DR, Nicaragua, Honduras and Haiti, Caribbean in general |
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Term
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Definition
-TR thought Taft was inept @ presidency
-"Oh, I meant three CONSECUTIVE terms...eh heh."
-Old guard got Taft the nomination
-faction split from old guard, campaigned for TR
-Wilson won for the Dems in the end anyway |
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Term
| When was the 17th Amendement passed? What'd it do? |
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Definition
-1913, direct election of senators - progressive reform
-no more hand-picking by bosses |
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Term
| When was the 18th Amendement passed? What'd it do? |
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Definition
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