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A Century of Dishonor
Ramona
inspired sympathy for NAs |
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| States annexed in this chapter |
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-gold and silver discovered in Nevada
-50s
-similar to Pike's Peak Colorado gold rush
-made them into "Boomtowns"/"Helldoradoes"
--vigilante justice,towns left after gold did
-amassing of metals helped fuel Civ. War
-replaced by corporations who could afford expensive quartz-smashing machines
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-1880s
-Take up white farming tactics on tiny Homestead
-be good
-maybe become citizen in 25 years
-struck at tribal organization, tried to make NAs rugged individuals
-defective, but did help NA population start to regrow
-Indian Reorganization Act replaced DSA policies in 1930s |
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-outlawed in 80s
-Termed "Ghost Dance" by outsiders
-stamped out (included killings of men/women/children) in Wounded Knee (90s) |
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-60s-80s
-TX cowboys drove cattle to railroads, like Abilene, Ogallala, and CHeyenne
-Abilene-->famous for Hickok - vigilante/gunman
-driven out by harsh winters, railroads driving out wide open cattle ranges, and overexpansion/grazing
-became a big-business industry
--Wyoming Stock-Growers Association made in 1880s |
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| painted Sp.-Amer. War, Wild West landscapes |
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Ft. Laramie, too:
-U.S> tried to pacify Plains Indians, (50s!!!) but not all tribes recognized leadership
-tried to establish colonies, boundaries
-whites did not understand nomadic culture of NAs |
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Definition
-displaced Crows, Kiowas, Pawnees when white settlers displaced them
-died from white man's diseases, greatly weakened because of this
-damaged from diminished bison population
-herded onto reservation in Dakota, Indian (Oklahoma) territories
-fetterman massacre
-Sitting Bull |
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70s
-him and his troops were brutally massacred by Sioux
-in Wyoming Bighorn MTNS.
-happened when Sioux tried to block construction of Bozeman trail (goldfields)
--given to Sioux w/ Fort Laramie
-Sitting Bull |
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70s
-lost to Sioux, Sitting Bull @ Battle of Little Bighorn, but U.S. retaliated and hunted NAs down |
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70s
-Led by Chief Joseph
-fled U.S. reservation
-chased by U.S. troops for 3 mo.
-sent to KS (40% died)
-sent to Idaho |
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-Led by Geronimo
-from AZ, NM, pursued into Mexico
-surrendered after Apache women were sent to FL
-became farmers in OK |
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-1862
-160 acres of land for about $30
-public land for family farm stimulus, NOT revenue
-not a great deal, because the Great Plains were rain-scarce
-spurned a lot of fraud
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Agriculture is impossible w/o massive irrigation beyond 100th parallel
-people did struggle with finding a way to profit from farming on the great west
-"dry farming" - frequent shallow cultivation
--led to Dust Bowl
-strains of wheat from Russia helped
-other drought-resistant grains
-barbed wire helped make fences w/o trees
-massive irrigation did help, like dams and stuff |
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CO=centenntial state
OK=sooner state |
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Term
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| Significance of the Frontier Upon American History |
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| V/F: 1890 had an effect on Yellowstone/Sequoia/Yosemite building |
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| verum - needed to preserve lands |
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-unemployed in the cities would go to the frontier
-not really true-couldn't farm, couldn't afford to (expensive machinery)
-BUT it did drive some
-and the possibility of westward movement might have made employers keep wages a little higher |
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| combine, reaper-mower, bonanza wheat farms, |
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