Term
| Five questions concerning reconstruction... |
|
Definition
-How would the South, physically devastated by war
-How would liberated blacks fare as free men and women?
-How would the Southern states be reintegrated into the Union?
-Who would directthe process of Reconstruction - the Southern states themselves, the president, or Congress?
-What should be done with the captured Confederate ringleaders, all of whom were liable to charges of treason? |
|
|
Term
| Name a popular song during the war in the N |
|
Definition
| "Hang Jeff Davis to a Sour Apple Tree" |
|
|
Term
| What was done with Davis and his fellow "conspirators" after the war? |
|
Definition
| released during two-year imprisonment because no VA jury would convict them |
|
|
Term
"All rebel leaders were finally pardoned by President Johnson as sort of a Christmas present in YEAR."
ALSO, Congress did not do THIS until 30 yrs later
And restored WHO as a citizen until 100 yrs later? |
|
Definition
| 1868...remove civil disabilities...Davis |
|
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Term
| What were 7 (adverse) effects of the Civil War on the South? |
|
Definition
-cities were destroyed
-Banks and businesses collapsed because of runaway inflation
-factories were dimantles
-the transportation system was broken down completely
-agriculture suffered w/o slaves
-planter aristocrats lost billions |
|
|
Term
| "Before the war # different railroad lines had converged on ____, SC. Now the nearest connected track was 29 mi away." |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the following quote talking about:
"Hell has laid her egg, and right here it hatched." |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Efforts to untwist the rails corkscrewed by Sherman's soldiers ___." |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did agriculture suffer in the S after the war? |
|
Definition
-emancipated slaves
-seed was scarce
-livestock had been driven off by plundering Yankees |
|
|
Term
| "The princely planter aristocrats were humbled by the war - at least temporarily. Reduced to proud poverty, they faced ______, ___, ___. |
|
Definition
-charred and gutted mansions
-lost investments (slaves)
-and almost worthless land |
|
|
Term
| How much money was lost by the emancipation of slaves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHERE did a slave become emancipated 12 times?
WHERE were blacks attacked whilst fleeing across a river? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were some issues regarding emancipation? |
|
Definition
-people saw it as illegal (Supreme Ct)
-some wouldn't let the slaves go anyway
-some loyal slaves refused to be emancipated |
|
|
Term
-Many took names other than those that had been given by their master
-demanded titles of Mr./Mrs.
-refused to wear cotton, but fine silk/satin
-strengthened family ties (had been split up to different plantations) |
|
Definition
-Many took names other than those that had been given by their master
-demanded titles of Mr./Mrs.
-refused to wear cotton, but fine silk/satin
-strengthened family ties (had been split up to different plantations) |
|
|
Term
| Why did many black slaves get married after being emancipated? |
|
Definition
| make their children legal heirs |
|
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Term
| "From 1878 to 1880, some ____ blacks from LA, TX, and MI surged in a mass exodus to Kansas. The westward flood of these ___ was stemmed only when ___." |
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Definition
| 25,000; Exodusters; steamboat captains refused to transport more black migrants across the MI River |
|
|
Term
| "Other blacks left their former masters to work in towns and cities, where ____." |
|
Definition
| existing black communities provided protection and mutual assistance." |
|
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Term
| "The ___ became the focus of black community life in the years following emancipation. As slaves, blacks had worshiped _____, but now _____." |
|
Definition
| church; alongside whites; they formed their own churches pastored by their own ministers |
|
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Term
| "The #-member black DENOMINATION Church of 1850 reached # by 1870, while the ____ went from # to # in the first decade after emancipation." |
|
Definition
| 150,000; Baptist; African Methodist Episcopal Church; 100,000 to 400,000 |
|
|
Term
| "Southern blacks soon found, however, that the demand outstripped the supply of qualified black teachers. They accepted the aid of ___ sent by ___. They also turned to ___ for help." |
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Definition
| Northern white women; the American Missionary Association; the federal government |
|
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Term
| "[After the war] emancipators were faced with the brutal reality that the freedmen were ___." |
|
Definition
-unskilled
-uneducated (they couldn't read/write)
-w/o property or money
-w/o survival skills |
|
|
Term
| To combat the problem of uneducated/unqualified emancipated slaves, the ___ was created in 1865 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who headed the Freedman's Bureau? |
|
Definition
| Union General Oliver O. Howard |
|
|
Term
| Who founded Howard University? |
|
Definition
| Union General Oliver O. Howard |
|
|
Term
| "On paper at least, the bureau was intended to be a kind of primitive ____ agency. It was to provide __, __, ___, and ___ to freedman and ____ |
|
Definition
| welfare; food, clothing, medical care, and education; white refugees |
|
|
Term
| How many blacks were taught to read by the Freedman's Bureau? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Many former slaves had a passion for learning because ___, and ___." |
|
Definition
-they wanted to close the gap between blacks/whites
-they wanted to read the Bible |
|
|
Term
| "In one elementary class in STATE, # generations sat together." |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Although the Freedman's Bureau gave slaves __-acre tracks of land, but ___ |
|
Definition
| 40; white supremacists kept it from happening, sometimes by cajoling people to sign labor contracts w/ former masters. |
|
|
Term
| WHO killed the Freedman's Bureau in 1872? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Andrew Johnson:
(life before presidency)
-from NC
-orphaned early
-largely self-taught
-fought for poor white laborer instead of aristocrats
-was not liked by the S |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was appointed War Governor of TN ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Andrew Johnson's "scandalous" condition @ the vice-presidential inaugural ceremony? |
|
Definition
| had typhoid, drank before ceremony...not good |
|
|
Term
| Describe Lincoln's plans for Reconstruction |
|
Definition
10 Percent Rule:
a state can be reinstated into the Union if...
-10 percent of its voters takes an oath of allegiance to the U.S. and pledges to abide by emancipation
THEN
-formally erect a state government
-Lincoln recognizes you
WHY THIS PLAN?
Well, Lincoln never declared war, remember? He refused to recognize the CSA, so to him, they had never formally succeeded. Don't you just love politics??
- |
|
|
Term
| Describe Congress's reaction to LIncoln's plans for reconstruction |
|
Definition
Wade-Davis Bill (1864)
A state can be reinstated into the Union if...
-have 50 percent of its voters take an oath of allegiance
-adhere to stronger safeguards for emancipation
BUT...Lincoln pocket-vetoed the bill. Politics, amiright? |
|
|
Term
| Why wasn't LA readmitted to Congress? |
|
Definition
| They only adhered to Lincoln's plan |
|
|
Term
| Name reasons Congress didn't want to give the S an easy time coming back to Congress |
|
Definition
-DID recognize succeeded states, wanted them to come back as conquered peninsulas
-Majority wanted the S reinstated on Congress's terms, not the president's
-Minority believed the S should atone more for its sins |
|
|
Term
| What did the radical faction of Congress want the S to do to "atone for its sins"? |
|
Definition
-uproot the social structure
-punish the haughty planters
-protect emancipated blacks w/ federal power |
|
|
Term
| "Some of the radicals (of the N) were secretly pleased when Lincoln was shot" why? |
|
Definition
| Lincoln was prepared to give lenient terms to the S/Johnson hated the aristocrats |
|
|
Term
| Describe Johnson's reconstruction plan |
|
Definition
-10 percent rule
-disfranchised certain leading Confederates, including those w/ taxable property of more than $20,000, though they might petition him with political pardons
-call for state conventions that repealed succession, and ratified the 13th Amendment |
|
|
Term
| How generous was Johnson in granting pardons to his plans? |
|
Definition
| Very, since he liked having aristocrats in the palm of his hand |
|
|
Term
| "Among the first acts of the new Southern regimes sanctioned by Johnson was the passage of the ___." |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who had the harshest/most lenient black codes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did white planters pretty much reinstate slavery after emancipation (part of Black Codes)? |
|
Definition
-made slaves sign labor contracts
-paid them really crappy wages
-forced back to work by a "Negro catcher if they tried to leave
-could be fined and hired to pay the fine (MS) |
|
|
Term
| In states with Black Codes, THIS right was maintained |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name some rights that were taken away/punishments given by the Black Codes |
|
Definition
-serve on a jury
-renting or leasing land (some)
-voting
-punished for idleness by being forced to work on a chain gang |
|
|
Term
| "Lacking capital, and with little to offer but their labor, thousands of impoverished slaves fell into the status of ___." |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
"Formerly slaves to masters, countless blacks as well as poorer whites became slaves to _____."
How did the aristocracy like this? |
|
Definition
| the soil and to their creditors...thought it gave too much freedom |
|
|
Term
| Name some legislation passed by the Civil War's N majority |
|
Definition
-Morrill Tariff Act
-Pacific Railroad Act
-Homestead Act |
|
|
Term
| Why didn't Congress want S Congress back? |
|
Definition
-S tainted w/ "lost cause"
-liked majority
-slave now counted for 5/5, not 3/5 of a person |
|
|
Term
| What were some Republican fears of a S Democrat Congress? |
|
Definition
-perpetuate Black Codes
-dismantle the Republican economic program by...
-lowering tariffs,
-rerouting the transcontinental railroad,
-repealing the free-farm Homestead Act, possibly repudiating the national debt |
|
|
Term
| How did Republicans try to strike back @ Johnson for killing the Freedman's Bureau? Then what happened? |
|
Definition
passed Civil Rights Bill
-gave citizenship to blacks
-struck at Black Codes
Johnson vetoed this on what he claimed were Constitutional grounds, but was overruled. This happened frequently. |
|
|
Term
| Name 3 nicknames given to Andrew Johnson |
|
Definition
-"Sir Veto"
-"Andy Veto"
-"the dead dog of the White House" <--because Congress kept overruling him |
|
|
Term
| Define: Fourteenth Amendment |
|
Definition
passed by Republicans afraid of the S taking over Congress; incorporated stuff from Civil Rights Bill.
-conferred civil rights, including citizenship, but not the franchise, on the freedmen
-reduced proportionally the representation of a state in the Electoral College if it denied blacks the ballot
-disqualified from federal and state office former Confederates as federal officeholders
-guaranteed federal debt, while repudiating all Confederate debts |
|
|
Term
| What's another name for the succeeded states? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| While the Republicans weren't happy that the _th Amendment did not give the right to vote, they were especially unhappy when Johnson ___ |
|
Definition
| 14; told the S to reject it, which they did |
|
|
Term
| Define: Johnson's "swing 'round the circle" |
|
Definition
1866:
-Johnson accused the radicals in Congress of having planned large-scale antiblack riots and murder in the South
-succeeded at defaming Johnson and gaining a 2/3 Republican majority in Congress |
|
|
Term
| Instead of the old cry of "Tailor of the Potomac," what cries were being raised in the election of 1866? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who led the "radicals" in Senate? House? |
|
Definition
| Charles Sumner; Thaddeus Stevens (PA) |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN
"defended runaway slaves in court without fee and, before dying, insisted on burial in a black cemetery." |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Still opposed to rapid reconstruction...the radicals wanted to ___." |
|
Definition
| keep Southern states out as long as possibeand apply federal power to bring bout a drastic social and economic transformation in the South." |
|
|
Term
| Regarding reconstruction, more moderate Republicans wanted to... |
|
Definition
| put through policies that restrained the states from abridging citizens' rights, rather than policies thar directly involved the federal government in individual lives. |
|
|
Term
| Regarding reconstruction, the actual policies adopted by Congress showed... |
|
Definition
| the influence of both schools of thought (moderate and radical), though the influence of both these schools of thought, though the moderates, as the majority faction, had the upper hand. |
|
|
Term
| By 1867, the one thing both moderate and radical Republicans had come to agree on was... |
|
Definition
| the neeed to enfranchise black voters, even if it took federal troops to do it |
|
|
Term
| Define: the Reconstruction Act (5) |
|
Definition
-divided the S into five military districts
-each was commanded by a Union general and policd by blue-clad soldiers
-temporarily disfranchised thousands of former Confederates
Southern states were required to...
-ratify 14th Amendment (gave slaves their rights as citizens)
-all former adult male slaves were given right to vote (through Amendment) |
|
|
Term
| How many Confederates were disfranchised according to the Reconstruction Act? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Reconstruction Act, reflecting moderate sentiment, didn't give freedmen the right to... |
|
Definition
land
or
education
on federal expense |
|
|
Term
| which of the "sinful eleven" avoided military Reconstruction? How? |
|
Definition
| Tennessee, ratified the 14th Amendment |
|
|
Term
| Where were Federal troops restationed in 1877, as a result of the ____ electoral bargain? |
|
Definition
| Florida, Lousiana, and South Carolina; Hayes-Tilden |
|
|
Term
| Concerning Reconstruction, the purpose of the moderates was to ____ |
|
Definition
| create an electorate in Southern states that would vote those states back into the Union on acceptable terms and thus free the federal government from direct resopnsibility for the protection of black rights |
|
|
Term
Why were radical Republicans worried (concerning moderates)?
What'd they do about it? |
|
Definition
the danger loomed that once the S was readmitted, the states would amend their constitutions to prohibit black voting
Passed the Fifteenth Amendment |
|
|
Term
| DEFINE: Ex parte Milligan (REMEMBER NAME!!!) |
|
Definition
| military tribunals could not try civilians, even during wartime, in areas where the civil courts were open. |
|
|
Term
| Why was Military Reconstruction of the South considered unconstitutional? Why was nothing done? |
|
Definition
| Ex parte Milligan; According to Bailey, the circumstances were extraordinary, and the Supreme Court avoided offending the Republican Congress. |
|
|
Term
| By YEAR, all S governments had been reorganized, while the last of federal troops left by YEAR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were new S Republican regimes called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was another name for a Union soldier? (negative) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "When fed troops finally left a S state, its government swiftly passed back into the hands of white "___," or "___," which were inevitably PARTY. |
|
Definition
| "Redeemers," "Home Rule" regimes, Democratic |
|
|
Term
| V/F: During the war, feminist leaders such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony had temporarily suspended their coalition with abolitionist movements |
|
Definition
| falsum. They worked wholeheartedly for the cause of black emancipation |
|
|
Term
| "The ______ had gathered nearly # signatures on petitions asking Congress to pass a constitutional amendment prohibiting ___." |
|
Definition
| Woman's Loyal League; 400,000; slavery |
|
|
Term
| Why did Stanton and Anthony campaign against the 14th Amendment? |
|
Definition
| Didn't give women the right to vote, just blacks |
|
|
Term
| WHO, in regards to the 14th Amendment, believe that it was "the Negro's hour"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What word was proposed to be added to the 15th amendment? |
|
Definition
| sex (instead of race/color/previous condition of sevitude.) |
|
|
Term
| Both Presidents Lincoln and Johnson proposed WHAT regarding black voting? |
|
Definition
| give it gradually to selected blacks who qualified for ti through education, property ownership, or military service. |
|
|
Term
| V/F: Moderate Republicans and even many radicals at first hesitated to bestow suffrage on freedmen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| V/F: Before the 15th Amendment, most of the N states withheld the ballot from their tiny black minorities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Fourteenth Amendment sought to treat women and blacks the same way - how so? |
|
Definition
| make them citizens w/o voting rights |
|
|
Term
| Define: the Union League (6) |
|
Definition
-originially a pro-Union orginization based in the North
-assisted by Northern blacks
-turned the League into a network of political clubs that educated members in their civic duties and campaigned for Republican candidates
-expanded to begin building black churches and schools
-expanded to represent black grievances before local employers and government
-and they recrutited militas to protect black communities from white retaliation |
|
|
Term
| What were the new roles of black women? |
|
Definition
-attended parade and rallies
-helped assemble mass meetings in the newly constructed black churches
-showed up @ constitutional conventions held throughout the South in 1867
-monitored the proceedings
-participated in informal votes outside the convention halls |
|
|
Term
| V/F: black men were elected as delegates to the state constitutional conventions and helped fight for universal male suffrage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who took Jefferson Davis's seat in Congress? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name a black senator from MS that's not named Revels who served in D.C. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give nicknames for freedmen's white allies |
|
Definition
| "scalawags" and "carpetbaggers" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Southerner, often former Unionists and Whigs, whi profitted through their influence in the radical gov'ts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Northerners who packed their stuff into a carpetbag suitcase at the war's end and had come to the S to seek personal power and profit |
|
|
Term
| What were the "carpetbaggers" really? |
|
Definition
| Former Union soldiers and/or N businessmen and professionals who wanted to play a role in modernizing the "New South" |
|
|
Term
The radical legislatures passed desirable legislation such as...
How did the "Redeemer" governments take it? |
|
Definition
-adequate public schools
-streamlined tax systems
-public works were launchged
-property rights were guaranteed to women
they liked it |
|
|
Term
| Where did corruption occur in relation to the new radical governments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "The worst 'black-and-white' legislatures purchased, as '____,' such '___' such as hams, pergumes, suspenders, bonnets, corsets, champagne, and a coffin." |
|
Definition
| legislative supplies; stationary |
|
|
Term
| "One carpetbag fovernor in a single year 'saved' $______ from a salary of '$___.'" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| While lots of corruption occured in the S radical governments, where is a notorious example of such in the N? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the nickname of the kkk? Where was it founded? |
|
Definition
| "Invisible Empire of the South," TN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Johnson's administraation, though largely reduced to a figurehead, achieved the most success with...." |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did the Russians sell Alaska? (3) |
|
Definition
-already overextended themselves in America
-in the likely event of another war with Britain, they would probably lose the defenseless northern province to the sea-dominant British
-had been "furred out" |
|
|
Term
| What were some nicknames that arose when the secretary of state bought Alaska? |
|
Definition
-"Seward's Folly,"
-"Seward's Icebox,"
-"Frigidia,"
-"Seward's Polar Bear Garden,"
and
-"Walrussia." |
|
|
Term
| Why, when Seward made his purchase of Alaska, were the American people anti-expansionist? |
|
Definition
-still preoccupied w/ Reconstruction
-economy-minded |
|
|
Term
WHO bought Russia?
How much was it worth? Was this a good price? |
|
Definition
| William H. Seward, Secratary of State' $7.5 mil; yes |
|
|
Term
| Why did Seward make his purchase of Alaska? |
|
Definition
-Russia had been "conspicuously friendly" during the war
-Thus could not offend the Russians by refusing
-rumored to be teeming with furs, fish, and gold |
|
|
Term
| Why didn't white southerners like Reconstruction? |
|
Definition
-insult of federal intervention in their local affairs
-upending of social/economic affairs
-empowerment of blacks |
|
|
Term
| Why did 7 Republicans not vote to impeach Johnson? |
|
Definition
-would have set a dangerous precedent against executive branch (upset checks/balances)
-they didn't like pro tempore of Senate radical Republican Ben Wade |
|
|
Term
| What was Johnson tried with @ his impeachment? |
|
Definition
-"high crimes and misdemeanors" (required by Congress)
-violations of the Tenure of Office Act
-verbal assaults on Congress involving "disgrace, ridicule, hatred, contempt, and reproach"
also a harem of "dissolute women" |
|
|
Term
| V/F: Reconstruction caused the Republican party to be extinguished for nearly 100 yrs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the "drunken tailor"? |
|
Definition
| [of the white house] Johnson |
|
|
Term
| Define: the act used by radicals to impeach Johnson |
|
Definition
Tenure of Office Act
-required the president to secure the consent of the Senate before removing appointees once they had been approved by that body
-purpose was to freeze sec of war Edwin M. Stanton into seat, becauase he spied on Johnson for the radicals
-vetoed by Johnson |
|
|
Term
| Johnson provided the radicals with a pretext to begin impeachment proceedings when... |
|
Definition
| he abruptly dismissed Edwin M. Stanton |
|
|
Term
| How many tickets were printed to the impeachment of Johnson? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Johnson's argument @ impeachment concerning his violation of the Tenure of Office Act? |
|
Definition
-Act was unconstitutional,
-and Johnson pushed Stanton out to put the case before the Supreme Court (which was done 58 yrs later) |
|
|
Term
| Who were the House prosecutors @ Johnson's impeachment? |
|
Definition
| Benjamin Butler and Thaddeus Stevens |
|
|
Term
| Why wasn't Ben Wade liked? |
|
Definition
disliked by members of business community for...
-high-tariff
-soft-money
-prolabor
views |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
passed by Congress to stamp out much of the "lash law"
-made to combat kkk |
|
|
Term
| Many outlawed groups in the "Invisible Empire of the South" continued under the guises of... |
|
Definition
"dancing clubs,"
"missonary societies"
"rifle clubs" |
|
|
Term
| Name one way, besides flat-out intimidation, that blacks were intimidated at the polls after 1890 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bailey, when talking about the kkk, makes references to what battle? |
|
Definition
|
|
