Term
| What is Bull Run's other name? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was a Union victory at Bull Run supposed to signify? |
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Definition
| superiority for Union arms, maybe take Richmond and discredit the rebellion? (Easier reconstruction) |
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Term
| How did Stonewall Jackson get his name? |
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Definition
| his soldiers stood their ground like stones at Bull Run |
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Term
| Define: "military picnic" |
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Definition
-people went to spectate at Bull Run
-Yanks were doing pretty well until Stonewall got them
-not decisive militarily, but had psychological and political effects |
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Term
| How did victory @ Bull Run have an adverse effect on the south? |
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Definition
-became overconfident
-South thought war was over and went home
-enlistments dropped sharply |
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Term
| How did defeat @ Bull Run have a positive effect on the north? |
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Definition
-caused Northerners to buckle down to the staggering task at hand
-"It [The Northern defeat at Bull Run] set the stage for a war that would be waged not merely for the cause of Union but also, eventually, for the abolitionist cause of emancipation" |
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Term
| ___ was given command of the Army of the Potomac |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-superb organizer and drillmaster
-injected splendid morale into the Army of the Potomac
-didn't like sacrificing troops, so they loved him |
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Term
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Definition
-perfectionist who seemed not to have realized that an army is never ready to the last button
-and that wars cannot be won w/o running some risks
-erroneous reports from Pinkerton |
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Term
| Define: the Peninsula Campaign (up to 7 days) |
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Definition
-McClellan wouldn't move his troops
-Lincoln threatened to "borrow" them
-McClellan decided to go to Richmond (which lies at the western base of a narrow peninsula formed by the James and York Rivers)
-came w/ 100,000 men
-took a month to capture Yorktown
-@ Richmond, Lincoln diverted reinforcements to capture Stonewall Jackson
-McClellan was stalled in front of Richmond, and "Jeb" Stuart's Confederate cavalry rode completely around his army on reconnaissance
-then came seven days battles |
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Term
| Define: the Peninsula Campaign (beginning from 7 days) |
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Definition
-Robert E. Lee launched counterattack (the Seven Days' Battles)
-Drove McClellan back to sea (abandoned campaign)
-10,000 Union casualties to Confed. 20,000
-Lincoln temporarily abandoned McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac |
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Term
| What did the Confederate victory @ the Seven Battles do? |
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Definition
-made it so that slavery would be unaffected
-drove war more towards slavery cause
-Lincoln began to draft Emancipation Proclamation |
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Term
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Definition
-Northern plan
-suffocate South by blockading its coasts
-liberate slaves and hence undermine the very economic foundations of the Old South
-cut the Confederacy in half by seizing control of the MI river
-chop the Confederacy to pieces by sending troops through GA and the Carolinas
-decapitate it by capturing its capital at Richmond
-(esp. Grant's idea) try everywhere to engage the enemy's main strength and to grind it into submission |
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Term
| Describe the execution of the blockade (anaconda plan) (6) |
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Definition
-not clamped down all at once but extended by degrees
-stretched along 535 mi of coast
-hard to keep strict for improvised navy
-simplified by focusing on principal ports and inlets where cotton would have been loaded
-Would have normally been defied by other countries, but Britain recognized it as binding to avoid war
-would enforce sometimes by seizing British freighters |
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Term
| "The most successful blockade runners were swift, gray-painted ___, scored of which were built in ____." |
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Definition
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Term
"A leading rendezvous [of blockade runners] was [in] the West Indies port of __, where at one time # people rode at anchor.
What did it take/come back with? |
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Definition
| Nassau, in the British Bahamas; 35; fraudulent papers for "Halifax" (Canada); a cargo of cotton |
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Term
| "The risks of blockade running were great, but profits would amount to _% or more." |
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Definition
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Term
| the Union navy also seized British freighters on the high seas, citing WHAT? |
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Definition
the Union navy also
seized British freighters on the high seas, citing “ultimate
destination” (to the South) as their reasons; the British
relented, since they might have to do the same thing in later wars (as
they did in World War I). |
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Term
| The most alarming Confederate threat to the Union was ___, named ___, which threatened to____ but fortunately, ____ |
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Definition
The biggest Confederate threat to the Union came in the form of an
old U.S. warship reconditioned and plated with iron railroad rails: the
Virginia (formerly called the Merrimack), which threatened to break the Union blockade in the Chesapeake, but fortunately, the Monitor arrived just in time to
fight the Merrimack to a standstill, and the Confederate ship was
destroyed later by the South to save it from the North. |
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Term
| "A tiny Union ironclad, the ___, built in about ___ days, arrived on the scene...four four hours in 1862, the (Ship's nickname?) fought the wheezy Merrimack to a standstill |
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Definition
| "A tiny Union ironclad, the Monitor, built in about 100 days, arrived on the scene...four four hours in 1862, the ("Yankee cheesebox on a raft") fought the wheezy Merrimack to a standstill (and then the Confeds destroyed the Merrimack to keep it from advancing Union troops) |
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Term
| Robert E. Lee, having broken the back of McClellan's assault on Richmond, next moved IN WHICH DIRECTION? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who commanded on each side at the Second Battle of Bull Run? |
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Definition
| Robert E Lee (south), General John Pope. |
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Term
"Emboldened by his success at the 2nd BOBR, Lee daringly thrust into ___"
Why? |
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Definition
-MY
-defeat could encourage foreign intervention, seduce Border State and sisters |
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Term
| What really happened when Lee made an attack in MY? |
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Definition
| -MYers were turned off by blanketless/shoeless/hatless soldiers |
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Term
DEFINE:
Battle of Antietam Creek |
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Definition
-Lincoln, responding to popular pressure, hastily restored "Little Mac" to active command
-two soldiers found misplaced plans of Lee (as wrapping paper for cigars)
-more or less a draw militarily |
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Term
DEFINE:
Battle of Antietam Creek effects (south) |
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Definition
-Jefferson Davis was never so close to victory as he was that day,
since European powers were very close to helping the South, but after
the Union army displayed unexpected power at Antietam, that help faded |
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Term
DEFINE:
Battle of Antietam Creek effects (north) |
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Definition
-McClellan fired for 2nd time for not pursuing Lee
-display of power that Lincoln needed to announce his Emancipation Proclamation (doing so after all of the losses would look like they were calling upon slaves to murder their masters since the North couldn't),
-which didn’t actually
free the slaves, but gave the general idea. |
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Term
| DEFINE: Emancipation Proclamation |
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Definition
-it was announced on January 1, 1863 Lincoln said the slaves would be free in the seceded states
-(but NOT the border states as doing so might anger them into seceding
too)
-made war into a moral crusade, fight to finish |
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Term
| "[Emancipated slave] presence in the camps and their perseverance above all odds did what? (2) |
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Definition
| "[Emancipated slave] presence in the camps and their perseverance above all odds convinced many Northern soldiers of slavery's evils and helped put emancipation atop Lincoln's agenda |
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Term
| When was the 13th amendment ratified? |
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Definition
| 1865 (8 mo. after the Civil War) |
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Term
| What former president believed that emancipation should not be "inflicted" on slaves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Domestically (politics) and militarily, what were the effects of the EmPr? |
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Definition
-desertions increased
-Democrats won more offices in 1862 election |
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Term
| While seeing that the rebel owners got the brunt of the EmPr, Europe sympathized. But ultimately... |
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Definition
| they sensed that the proclamation spelled the ultimate doom of slavery, and many laborers were more determined than ever to oppose intervention. |
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Term
| V/F: At the war's outset, blacks were heavily recruited |
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Definition
| F. Could only work as cooks/stewards/firemen (recruited when enlistments fell after EmPr) |
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Term
| V/F: Frederick Douglass, being a pacifist, strongly opposed the construction of two regiments in MA |
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Definition
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Term
| V/F: The South did not recognize the slaves as POWs until 1864. |
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Definition
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Term
| Several black soldiers were massacred after they had surrendered at ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| When did the Confeds enlist slaves? |
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Definition
| a month before the war ended |
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Term
| "Fear of slave insurrection necessitated Confederate ___" |
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Definition
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Term
| Define: intelligent contraband |
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Definition
| -slaves who volunteered as spies/scouts/guides |
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Term
After Antietam, ____ took over
the Union army, but ____ |
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Definition
After Antietam, A. E. Burnside took over the Union army, but he lost badly after launching a rash frontal attack
at
Fredericksburg, Virginia, on Dec. 13, 1862. |
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Term
Lee now prepared to invade the North for the second and final time,
at ____, but he was met by new ___, who by accident____ and the Union and Confederate armies fought a bloody and brutal battle in which the ___ “won.” |
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Definition
Lee now prepared to invade the North for the second and final time,
at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, but he was met by new General George G.
Meade, who by accident took a stand atop a low ridge flanking a shallow
valley and the Union and Confederate armies fought a bloody and brutal
battle in which the North “won.” |
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Term
In the Battle of Gettysburg, General George
___ led a hopeless, bloody, and pitiful charge across a field that
ended in the pig-slaughter of Confederates. |
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Definition
In the Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), General George
Pickett led a hopeless, bloody, and pitiful charge across a field that
ended in the pig-slaughter of Confederates. |
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Term
| Describe Lee's strategy @ Chancellorsville |
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Definition
-divided his numerically inferior force
-sent Stonewall Jackson to attack Union flank
--->Jackson was mistakenly shot by his own men in this battle |
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Term
| Who led the Confederate charge at Gettysburg? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the "high tide of the Confederacy"? Why? |
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Definition
-Pickett's charge @ Gettysburg
-Northernmost point reached by any sig. Southern force, last chance for Confeds to win the war. |
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Term
"As the Battle of Gettysburg raged, there was a peace delegation moving near..."
What was J. Davis's hope?
What actually happened? |
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Definition
Norkfolk, VA
-that Washington negotiators would come just as the triumphant troops of Lee did
-Lincoln refused to allow the peace mission pass through Union lines (He had the vistory) |
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Term
Where was Grant's first victory?
What were the terms there? |
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Definition
-Fort Donelson on Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers
-"an unconditional and immediate surrender" |
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Term
| Grant's victory in Tennessee was crucial. It not only riveted ____ more securely to the Union, but opened the gateway to the strategically important region of ____, as well as to __ ..." |
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Definition
| KY;TN;GA (the heart of Dixie) |
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Term
-"Grant attempted to exploit his victory [at TN] by __."
-BUT... |
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Definition
attempting to capture the junction of the main Confed. north-south and east-west railroads in the MI Valley at Corinth, MI.
-BUT a Confed. force foiled this @ Shiloh.
-"Grant made a successful counterattack, but the impressive Confed. showing @ Shiloh confirmed that there would be no quick end to the war in the West." |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN
David G. Farragut |
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Definition
-joined w/ N army to seize New Orleans
-came w/ gunboats
-left huge jeopardizing back door.
-between Vicksburg/MI/Port Hudson
-srsly cut off supplies |
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Term
Who was in command of the N troops @ Vicksburg?
What port fell immediately after? |
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Definition
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Term
| V/F: The Union victory @ Vicksburg came a week before their victory @ Gettysburg |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the Gettysburg/Vicksburg victories do for foreign affairs? |
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Definition
-Britain stopped delivery of the Laird rams to Confeds
-France killed a deal for the sale of 6 naval vessels to the Richmond gov't. |
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Term
| What did the Gettysburg/Vicksburg victories do for domestic affairs? |
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Definition
| helped mollify border states w/ MI river, less economic troubles to people already uneasy abt "aboliton war." |
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Term
| After his Vicksburg/TN victories, Grant had to go to the city of ___, where Confeds had driven Union soldiers from ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name two battles that occurred in the vicinity of Chattanooga |
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Definition
-Battle of Missionary Ridge
-" " Lookout Mtn |
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Term
| What did victories at Chattanooga do? |
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Definition
| Cleared TN of Confeds, got to invade GA |
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Term
Who led the N conquest of GA?
What became of him? |
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Definition
-General William Tecumseh Sherman
-After he burned Atlanta, he left the country, then came back @ Savannah |
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Term
| Sherman's major purpose @ Atlanta was... |
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Definition
| destroy milt. supplies destined for the Confed. army and to weaken the morale of the men at the front by waging war on their homes. |
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Term
| "Success in 'Shermanizing' the South was attested by ______." |
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Definition
| increasing numbers of Confed. desertions |
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Term
| Where did the Union attack after GA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What abolitionist group troubled Lincoln most in the election of 1864? |
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Definition
Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War
-dominated by "radical" Republicans who resented Lincoln's civil rights abuses, pressed emancipation |
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Term
| What was the fate of the Democrats during the war of 1864? (Why was it really sucky?) |
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Definition
-Association w/ Southern seceding Dems
-Stephen A. Douglas died 7 weeks after the war began
-Split into "War/Peace Democrats" (Peace AKA Copperheads)
War supported administration, Peace didn't, Copperheads on another card |
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Term
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Definition
AKA Peace Dems
-Named after randomly attacking snake
-Copperheads obstructed war by attacks against the draft and emancipation
-denounced Lincoln as "Illinois Ape"
-condemned the BOOK SAID THIS NOT ME "N----- War" |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN
Clement L. Vallandigham (know 7 bullets) |
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Definition
-Ohio Copperhead
-troublemaking but very good orator
-convicted by military tribunal for "treasonable utterances" and sentenced to prison and banished to Confed. lines
-Worked way to Canada
-ran for governorship of Ohio
-inspired Everett Hale's "The Man w/o a Country." (Story of Philip Nolan)
-helped devotion in the Union |
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Term
| Who was Lincoln's running mate in 1864? Elaborate |
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Definition
| Andrew Johnson...loyal War Dem from TN...small slaveowner @ start of war...placed to attract War Dems |
|
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Term
-Who did Copperheads nominate in the election of 1864
-What did they try as their platform? |
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Definition
-McClellan
-the Civil war=failure |
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Term
| Why was Lincoln's election "gravely in doubt"? |
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Definition
-war was going badly
-Lincoln was being a little despotic, esp. since he thought he'd lose |
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Term
Who uttered the following quote:
"Damn the torpedoes! Full speed ahead." |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Who captured Mobile, AL for the Union? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Who captured Atlanta for the Union? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Who captured Shenendoah Valley for the Union? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
How did Lincoln use the military to win?
What was this called? |
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Definition
-furloughed a bunch home (one cast 49 ballots!)
-"bayonet vote" |
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Term
What states did Lincoln lose in the election of 1864?
How much of the popular vote went to McClellan? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| V/F: Lincoln's victory (in the election) caused a lot of desertions in the South |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Grant's strategy after Gettysburg? (Richmond) |
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Definition
-assail the enemy's armies simultaneously, so they could not assist one another
-not care about his own casualties |
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Term
| "In a ghastly gamble on June 3, 1864, Grant ordered a WHAT KIND OF ATTACK in WHAT PLACE. In a few minutes, HOW MANY CASUALTIES WERE THERE? |
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Definition
-frontal assault
-Cold Harbor
-7,000 |
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Term
| "It was ___ who turned the eastern campaign into a war of attrition" |
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Definition
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Term
| Why didn't peace between the N/S work out? |
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Definition
| Lincoln wanted Union/emancipation, Davis wanted independence |
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Term
| When N troops captured Richmond, they cornered Lee @ __ |
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Definition
| Appotomattox Ct-house in VA |
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Term
| When did the Confeds surrender? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What happened on Good Friday of 1865? |
|
Definition
| pro-southern actor John Wilkes Booth shot Abraham Lincoln at Ford Theater |
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Term
| V/F: people say that Lincoln's assassination cemented his good reputation based on the time it occurred |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Why was the North embittered at the South for Lincoln's assassination? |
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Definition
| rumor that it was J. Davis's fault |
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Term
| How did the (overall) Union victory affect Britain? |
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Definition
| helped English Reform Bill of 1867 pass (made England a true democracy) |
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