Term
|
Definition
-Settled after Civil War
-Vast Arid Territory
-Great Plains, Rocky Mountains, & Western Plateau |
|
|
Term
| "The Great American Desert" |
|
Definition
Lands between Mississippi River & Pacific Coast (terminology before 1860)
Named by pioneers passing through on way to green lands of Oregon or to Goldfields of California |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gave Native Americans (1865) food, clothing, shelter, and tools |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nevada Gold Rush
Helped Nevada join union in 1864 |
|
|
Term
| Year of California's Great Gold Rush |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1882
prohibited further immigration of Chinese Laborers to US |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Vast increase in silver made crisis over value as compared to Gold
Devastated Indian territories in W |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Began in late 1800s... developed in 1890s
-Taken from Mexican Vaqueros
-Helped develop ranches & ranchers
-Created the standard, idolized, American Cowboy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Encouraged farming on Great Plains
-offered 160 acres of public land free to any family who would live on it and develop it for five years |
|
|
Term
| Reasons for Homestead Act Failure |
|
Definition
-160 acres = not enough for dry, arid lands of West
- Water = scarce in West
-Severe weather devastated crops |
|
|
Term
| (Frederick Jackson) Turner's Frontier Thesis |
|
Definition
argued that 300 years of frontier experience played fundamental role in shaping American society
-frontier promoted habit of independence and individualism
-frontier helped solve social discontent |
|
|
Term
| Frontier to Native Americans |
|
Definition
| Homeland, Source of Food, Source of living, Source of land, Source of Freedom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
used in 1851 to assign plains tribes large "reservations" or tracts of land so Americans could use the railroads to begin settlement of western territory without indians 'in the way'
*** Indians Refused (needed to follow buffalo), but were sent there anyways *** |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Miners, Cattlemen, Homesteaders = settling on native american land --> sporadic fighting began
eg. Sioux War - Sitting Bull & Crazy Horse |
|
|
Term
| Dawes Severalty Act (1887) |
|
Definition
| Designed to break up tribal organizations and to "civilize" indians in to American culture and life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| December 1890 - over 200 Native Americans = gunned down by US Army in "battle"/massacre of Wounded Knee in the Dakotas |
|
|
Term
| Indian Reorganization Act (1934) |
|
Definition
President Roosevelt Franklin's New Deal (1930s)
-promoted reestablishment of tribal organization and culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-RRs Connected w/ North
-Industrialization began (Steel, Lumber & Tobacco)
-Mainly still agricultural though (Cotton)
-Still Poor
-No Skilled Workers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| S African American Scientists ~ helped shift Southern agriculture to more diversity |
|
|
Term
| Civil Rights Cases of 1883 |
|
Definition
| Supreme Court ruled Congress could not legislate against the racial discrimination practiced by private citizens (included RR, hotels, other businesses) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Supreme Court ruled = ok if Separate but Equal |
|
|
Term
| Official term for Segregational Laws |
|
Definition
Jim Crow Laws
Adopted by Southern States |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allowed a man to vote only if his grandfather had cast ballots in elections before Reconstruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Former Slave that graduated from Hampton Institute
-1881 established industrial & agricultural school @ Tuskegee, AL
-mission = to teach AfrAmer Skilled trades, virtue of hard work, moderation, and economic self-help
-preached racial harmony & economic cooperation
-leadership = praised by Andrew Carnegie & President Theodore Roosevelt |
|
|
Term
| Global Competition & Economy |
|
Definition
Drove prices for American Goods (especially because now = produced more...) down and therefore hurting the economy
Also, Middlemen = greedy & driving prices way high for farmers... farmers = in trapped position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1868 - Social & Educational organization for farmers & Families
by 1870s - organized economic ventures & took political action to defend members against middlemen, trusts, & RRs |
|
|
Term
| Interstate Commerce Act (1886) |
|
Definition
Congress required RR rates to be "reasonable & just"
Fought against discriminatory actions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
By 1890s, about 1 million people had joined
Served Farmers' needs for education & for organized economic & political action |
|
|
