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| a form of organization that operates through impersonal, uniform rules and procedures |
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| Usually the largest organization in govt.; also the highest rank in federal hierarchy |
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| a government entity that is independent of the legislative, executive and judicial branches |
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| Independent Regulatory Commission |
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| a govt. agency or commission with regulatory power whose independence is protected by Congress |
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| a govt. agency that operates like a business corporation, created to secure greater freedom of action and flexibility for a particular program. |
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| Est. by congress in 1978 as a flexible, mobile corps of senior career executives who work closely with presidential appointeees to manage govt. |
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| a system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends |
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| a system of public employment in which selection and promotion depend on demonstrated preformance rather than than political patronage |
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| Office of Personnel Mangement (OPM) |
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| agency that administers civil service laws, rules, and regulations |
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| federal statue barring federal employees from active participation in certain kinds of politics and protecting them from being fired on partisan grounds |
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| the process of putting a law into practice through bureaucratic rules or spending |
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| Administrative Discretion |
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| authority given by congress to the federal bureaucracy to use resonable judgement in implementing the laws |
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| the formal process for making regulations |
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the portion of the federal budget that is spent on programs, such as Social Secuirty, that the president and Congress are unwilling to cut |
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| programs such as unemployment insurance, disaster relief, or disability payments that provide venefits to all eligible citizens |
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| providing automatic increases to compenstate for inflation |
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| legislative or executive review of a particular government program or organization. can be in resonse to a crisis of some kind or part of routine review |
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| review of all executive branch testimony, reports, and draft legislation by the office of management and budget to ensure that each communication to congress is in accordance with the president's program |
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