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Definition
involves a variety of methods including direct observations, interviews, checklists, and tests to identify and define targets for behavior change
Behavioral assessment seeks to discover the function that behavior serves in the person's environment |
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| the specific behavior selected for change |
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| Four Major Methods for Obtaining Assessment Information |
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| 1. interviews 2. checklist 3. tests 4. direct observation |
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| Interviews and checklists are indirect assessments because the data obtained from these measures are derived from recollections, reconstructions, or subjective ratings of events |
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| Tests and direct observations are direct assessment approaches because they provide information about a person's behavior as it occurs. |
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| provides descriptions of specific behaviors (usually in hierarchical order) and the conditions under which each behavior should occur |
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| Anecdotal Observation or ABC Recording |
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Definition
the observer records a descriptive, temporally sequenced account of all behaviors of interest and the antecedent conditions and consequences for those behaviors as those events occur in the client's natural environment
can be used to identify potential target behaviors |
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recognizes the complex interrelationships between environment and behavior
A great deal of information is gathered about the person and the various environments in which that person lives and works. |
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refers to the effects of an assessment procedure on the behavior being assessed.
Reactivity is most likely when observation is obtrusive, that is, the person being observed is aware of the observers presence and purpose |
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| Relevance of Behavior Rule |
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| means that a target behavior should be selected only when it can be determined that the behavior is likely to produce reinforcement in the person's natural environment. |
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| (adjustment) is the degree to which the person's repertoire maximizes short and long term reinforcers for that individual and for others, and minimizes short and long term punishers |
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Definition
a behavior that has consequences beyond the change itself, some of which may be considered important.
What makes a behavior change a cusp is that it exposes the individual's repertoire to new environments, especially new reinforcers and punishers, new contingencies, new responses, new stimulus controls, and new communities of maintaining or destructive contingencies. |
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Definition
a behavior that once learned, produces corresponding modifications or covariations in other adaptive untrained behaviors.
behavior is pivotal in that they appear to result in widespread positive changes in a number of areas |
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| refers to the use of progressively more typical environments, expectations, and procedures to establish and /or maintain personal behaviors which are as culturally normal as possible |
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| Function-Based Definition |
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Definition
designates responses as members of the targeted response class solely by their common effect on the environment
A function-based definition encompasses all relevant forms of the response class
The outcome, or function, of behavior is most important
Functional definitions are often simpler and more concise than topography-based definitions, which leads to easier and more accurate and reliable measurement and sets the occasion for the consistent application of intervention |
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| Topography-Based Definitions |
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Definition
identifies instances of the target behavior by the shape or form of the behavior
Should be used when there is no direct, reliable , or easy access to the functional outcome of the target behavior, and or cannot rely on the function of the behavior because each instance of the target behavior does not produce the relevant outcome in the natural environment or the outcome might be produced by other events |
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| Writing Target Behavior Definitions |
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Definition
A good definition of a target behavior provides an accurate, complete, and concise description of the behavior to be changed (and therefore measured).
1.. Should be objective, referring only to observable characteristics of the behavior (and environment if needed)
2. should be clear in that it should be readable and unambiguous so that experienced observers could read it and readily paraphrase it accurately
3. should be complete, delineating the boundaries of what is to be included as an instance of the response and what is to excluded.
A clear definition is technological meaning that it enables others to use and replicate it. |
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