A.Pectoral Girdle

Designed to increase upper limb mobility

-Dorsal Groups -trapezious -Rhomboids -lavater scapulae

-Ventral Groups -serratus anterior -subclavius -pectoralis minor

Trapezius

O::Occipital bone and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae I::clavicle and scapula (acromion process and spine)

A::elevate, retract, depress or rotate scapula

*big muscle on your back(DORSAL pectoral girdle)

Rhomboids

adducts and performs downward rotation of scapula (pull towards center of back) 

[dorsal pectoral girdle]

Levator Scapulae

Elevates scapula; shrugging

[dorsal pectoral girdle]

Serratus Anterior

protracts(abducts) scapula swinging the shoulder anteriorly and rotates the glenoid cavity moving it superiorly

[ventral pectoral girdle]

Subclavius

Depresses and protracts shoulder (clavical-calvius)

[ventral pectoral girdle]

Pectoralis Minor

depresses and protracts shoulder and rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves inferiorly

[ventral pectoral girdle]

B.Upper Arm

O::scapula

I::humerous

1)Deltoid    2)supraspinatus   3)teres major    4)subscapularis 5)infraspinatus     6)teres minor   7)coracobrachialis

8)pectoralis major     9)latissimus dorsi

Deltoid

O::clavicle and acromion process/spine of scapula

I::deltoid tuberosity of humerus

A::abduction of shoulder and flexion or extension and medial or lateral movement of humerus

*rounded shoulder, raises arm forward & sideways, 'put ur shoulder in, put ur shoulder out'

supraspinatus

O::supraspinous fossa of scapula

I::greater tubercle of humerus

A::abduction of shoulder

*synergist of deltoid to initiate movement

teres major

O::inferior angle of scapula

I::intertubercular groove of humerus

A::extension, adduction, and medial rotation of the shoulder

subscapularis

O::subscapular fossa

I::lesser tubercle of humerus

A::medial rotation of shoulder

*only muscle that inserts on subscapularis

infraspinatus

O::infraspinous fossa

I::greater tubercle of humerus

A::lateral rotation of shoulder

teres minor

O::lateral border of scapula;

I::greater tubercle of humerus;

A::lateral rotation of shoulder

coracobrachialis

O::coracoid process;

I::medial margin of shaft of humerus;

A::adduction and flexion at shoulder

pectoralis major

O::cartilage of ribs 2 - 6, body of sternum, and inferior medial portion of clavicle

I::crest of greater tubercle and intertubercular groove of humerus A::flexion, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder

latissimus dorsi

O::spinous process of inferior thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae and ribs 8-12

I::intertubercular groove of the humerus

A::extension adduction(scapula together), and medial rotation at shoulder

C.Forearm

O::scapula/humerous

I::radius/ulna

includes Flexors and Extensors

-basically movement at elbow

Biceps Brachii Flexor

::Short head - coracoid process of scapula

::Long head - surpglenoid tubercle of scapula

::Insertion radial tuberosity

::Action flexion at elbow and supination (palm forward)

Brachialis flexor

O::anterior distal surface of the humerus

I::ulnar tuberosity

A::flexion at elbow

Brachioradialis Flexor

O::lateral epicondyle of humerus

I::lateral aspect of styloid process of radius

A::flexion at elbow

Triceps brachii Extensor Lateral Head

O::superior lateral margin of humerus

I::olecranon of ulna

A::extension of elbow

Triceps brachii Extensor Long Head

O::infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

I::olecranon

A::extension of elbow and extension and adduction of shoulder

Triceps brachii Extensor Medial Head

O::posterior surface of humerus;

I::olecranon;

A::extension of elbow

D. Wrist and Hand Flexor carpi radialis

O::medial epicondyle of humerus;

I::bases of metacarpal bones;

A::flexion and abduction at wrist

Wrist and Hand flexor carpi ulnaris

O::medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon of ulna;

I::carpal bones and metacarpal bones;

A::flexion and adduction at wrist

Wrist and Hand Extensor carpi radialis

O::lateral aspect of epicondyle and superior region of humerus; I::base of metacarpal bones;

A::extension and abduction of wrist

Wrist and Hand Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

O::lateral epicondyle of humerus and adjacent ulna

I::metacarpal bones

A::extension and adduction of wrist

Wrist and Hand Pronators

(medial rotation)

O::medial ulna;

I::lateral radius;

A::pronation

Wrist and Hand Supinator

(lateral rotation)

O::lateral humerus and ulna

I::anterolateral surface of radius

A::supination

E. Thigh

-Designed to transfer weight

-this extra bulk limits range of motion

1)gluteal group

2)adductor group

Gluteal Group

Maximus

O::iliac crest and lateral surface of ilium, sacrum, coccyx, and thoracolumbar fascia;

I::iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur;

A::extension(kick back) and lateral rotation at hip, stabilize extended knee

Gluteal Group

Iliotibial Tract

Gluteal Group

Medius

O::anterior iliac crest and lateral surface of the ilium;

I::greater trochanter of femur;

A::abduction and medial rotation

Gluteal Group

Minimus

O::lateral surface of ilium

I::greater trochanter of femur;

A::abduction and medial rotation

Gluteal Group

tensor fasciae latae

O::iliac crest and lateral surface of anterior superior iliac spine; I::iliotibial tract;

A::flexion and medial rotation at hip, laterally supports the knee

Adductor group

Adductor Brevis & Longus

Adductor group

adductor magnus

Adductor group

Pectineus

Adductor group

Gracilis

F. Lower Leg

Lower Leg Extensor

Rectus Femoris

O::anterior inferior iliac spine and superior acetabulum rim;

I::tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament;

A::extension at knee and flexion at hip

Lower Leg Extensor

Vastus intermedius, lateralis, medius

O::femur;

I::tibial tuberosity

A::extension at knee

deepest muscle is intermedius

Lower Leg Flexors

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

O::ISchial Tuberosity

I::Tibia

A::Flexion at Knee

Lower Leg Flexors

sartorius

O::anterior superior iliac spine;

I::medial surface of tibia near tibial tuberosity;AI::flexion at knee and lateral rotation at hip

*passes over knee and allows FLEXION at knee

*longest muscle in body

Lower Leg Flexors

Popliteus

O::lateral condyle of femur;

I::posterior surface of proximal tibial shaft;

A::medial rotation of tibia and flexion at knee

*comes across knee cap

G.Ankle and Foot

Gastrocnemius

O::femoral condyles;

I::calcaneous;

A::plantar flexion at ankle *agonist for plantar flexion

Ankle and Foot

Tibialis Anterior

O::lateral condyle and proximal shaft of tibia;

I::base of metatarsal bones and tarsals;

A::oppose action of gastrocnemius and dorsiflexion at ankle

Ankle and Foot

Soleus

O::head and proximal shaft of fibula and adjacent posteromedial shaft of tibia;

I::calcaneous;

A::plantar flexion at ankle and postural muscle when standing *synergist

*allows to stand up right