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Definition
Def: something that serves as a model or a basis for making copies
Ex: Frankenstein can be a monster that other monsters are modeled after// A painting that is a copy of the original
Sig: It is seen in folklore, mythology, and even modern narratives |
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Def: A rhetorical device where statements are exaggerated
Ex: I have a million things to do today
Sig: It can create create strong feelings, impression, and emphasis |
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Def: The presence of two or more possible meanings in any passage
Ex: I will give you a ring tomorrow
"light", "bear"
Sig: |
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Def: A figure of speech involving the use of a narrower or a more general term to designate something, or vise versa
Ex: "a sail" meaning "a ship", "ten hands" meaning "ten people working"
Sig: it helps to signify the whole by mentioning a part, and vise versa |
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Def: A statement that contradicts itself
Example: wise fool, you can save money by spending it
Sig: they often sum up the main idea in literature without being boring |
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Def: the direct opposite
Ex: Hot/ cold, High/ low
Sig: able to show a great contrast between two things |
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Def: Ridicule with satire
Ex: "The writer satirized the politician's proposal"
Sig: mocks an opponent and can bring humor to the work |
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Def: A brief statement of a principle
Ex: "Lost time is never found again" Benjamin Franklin
Sig: contains a lot of meaning in a few words |
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Def: a reply that has no relevance to what preceded it
Ex: There are three branches in the government, so I think I'll go shopping.
Sig: it can be used as a noun to describe illogical statements |
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Def: A rhetorical term for the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.
Ex: "We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills" (Winston S. Churchill)
Sig: Shows author is trying to emphasize a certain point |
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Definition
Def: A figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite
Ex: "Oh, you think you're so special because you get to play Picture Pages up there? Well, my five year old daughter could do that and let me tell you, she's not the brightest bulb in the tanning bed."
(Allison Janney as Bren in Juno, 2007)
Sig: it is meant to emphasize a certain idea |
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Definition
Def: conjoining contradictory terms
Ex: deafening silence, alone in a crowd
Sig: creative way to add emphasis and depth |
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Def: persuading by appealing to the reader's emotions
Ex: commercials for abandoned dogs
Sig: it uses vivid language, emotional language and sensory details |
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Def: convincing the audience by the character of the author
Ex: Michael Jackson being sponsored by Nike, and doctors endorsing medical products
Sig: it portrays the authors credibility and authority |
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Definition
Def: persuading by the use of reasoning
Ex: INDUCTIVE - I have just tasted this lemon. It is sour. Therefore, all lemons are sour.
DEDUCTIVE- That is a lemon. Therefore, it too must be sour.
Sig: evokes a rational response, and is used to support speakers claim |
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Definition
Def: An inversion of the relationship between the elements of phrases
Ex: "You forget what you want to remember, and you remember what you want to forget."
(Cormac McCarthy, The Road, 2006)
Sig: Makes what the author said more memorable and have impact |
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Term
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Definition
Def: use of the same consonant at the beginning of each stressed syllable in a line of verse
Ex: around the rock the ragged rascal ran
Sig: often used for emphasis |
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Definition
Def: the repetition of consonants (or consonant patterns) especially at the ends of words
Ex: He struck a streak of bad luck
Sig: often used for emphasis |
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Definition
Def: the repetition of similar vowels in the stressed syllables of successive words
Ex: “Hear the mellow wedding bells” from Edgar Allen Poe
Sig: can change the mood of the audience |
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Definition
Def: using words that imitate the sound they denote
Ex: bang, crash, boom
Sig: it gives a poetic effect to the text |
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Definition
Def: Language outside of conventional usage
Ex: props, chill out, peace out
Sig: author is able to associate you with a certain group, or show their knowledge of outside groups |
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Definition
Def: characteristic of spoken or written communication that seeks to imitate informal speech
Ex: "cool hat!", "hot off the press"
Sig: they are phrases often used everyday |
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Def: Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses
Ex: "Live in your world, play in ours."
(slogan for Sony PlayStation 2)
Sig: Makes what the author has to say memorable |
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Definition
Def: Short, separated notes. It also means detached.
Ex:
Sig: adds rhythm to the text |
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Def: A sentence having no coordinate or subordinate clauses
Ex: The cat purred.
Sig: It is straight to the point and has a lot of impact because it is simple. |
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Def: a sentence composed of at least two coordinate independent clauses
Ex: My friend invited me to the party, but I do not want to go.
Sig: Changes up the rhythm/flow of the text |
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Definition
Def: a sentence composed of at least one main clause and one subordinate clause
Ex: When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page.
Sig: Changes up the flow/rhythm of the work and the sentences can be written with more creativity |
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Definition
Def: A sentence whose main clause appears at its end
Ex: When I was a lad, every schoolboy had the sentence by heart: Unprovided with original learning, uninformed in the habits of thinking, unskilled in the arts of composition, I resolved -- to write a book. (Edward Gibbon)
Sig: Allows the author to describe the idea leading up to his main point |
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Definition
Def: An independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or pharases that supply additional detail
Ex: "He dipped his hands in the bichloride solution and shook them--a quick shake, fingers down, like the fingers of a pianist above the keys." (Sinclair Lewis, Arrowsmith, 1925)
Sig: Author is able to give details usually about the undependent clause |
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Definition
Def: a statement that is formulated as a question but that is not supposed to be answered
Ex: "If practice makes perfect, and no one's perfect, then why practice?" (Billy Corgan)
Sig: allows the reader to question themselves but still have the author relay their point |
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Definition
Def: the act of positioning close together (or side by side)
Ex: chaos/ calm
Significance: it shows the comparison between two things |
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Def: language used in a figurative or nonliteral sense
Ex: It was obvious he was going to win the track race, he passed everyone running as fast as a cheetah.
Sig: It transforms writing to have more depth and creativity |
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Definition
Def: a manner of speaking that is natural to native speakers of a language
Ex: "beats me"
Sig: a figure of speech than can mean something else that its literal meaning |
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Def: comparison of two things without using the words like or as
Ex: She was a firecracker, ready to perform her big number on stage
Sig: a figure of speech that is not literal |
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Def: comparison of two things using the words like or as
Ex: She was as sly as a cat
Sig: a figure of speech that allows the reader to picture and associate one thing to another |
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Def: a similarity between like features of two things
Ex: a heart and a pump
Sig: it shows parallel cases to the audience |
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Def: language used in a figurative or nonliteral sense
Ex: It will be declared to be one of The Oldest Ones In The Book.
Sig: Can be seen in works even long ago, including Shakespeare |
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Definition
Def: to denote, or make known
Ex: the flag signifies the United States and our freedom
Sig: creates emphasis for a particular thing |
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Def: a statement that is restrained or ironic to what might have been said
Ex: "I have to have this operation. It isn't very serious. I have this tiny little tumor on the brain."(The Catcher In The Rye, by J. D. Salinger)
Sig: can bring out even more the real meaning than actually stating it |
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Def: substitution or phrase for a proper name
Ex: Napoleon Bonaparte "the little corporal"
Sig: makes what the author writes about more memorable |
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Def: irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play
Ex: In Shakespeare's Othello when he blames Desdemona for cuckolding him (even as the audience knows that he is being deceived by Iago).
Sig: allows the reader inside knowledge about the story |
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Def: an outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected
Ex: You save money for months for something you want to buy, then someone gets it for you for Christmas
Sig: creates shock |
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Definition
Def: when a character means to say one thing but it's heard by others as something different
Ex: "oh great" when something bad happens
Sig: has a deeper meaning |
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Definition
Def: to turn upside down or inside out
Ex: "United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do. JFK
Sig: it stresses or emphasizes an idea |
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Definition
Def: switching parts of a sentence
Ex: When the going gets tough, the tough get going.
Sig: makes the sentence more memorable and creative |
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def: The omission of conjunctions from constructions in which they would normally be used
Ex: "They dove, splashed, floated, splashed, swam, snorted."
(James T. Farrell)
Sig: A writing style |
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Definition
Def: using several conjunctions in close succession, especially where some might be omitted
Ex: he ran and jumped and laughed for joy
Sig: emphasizes the idea presented |
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Term
Coordinating Conjunctions |
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Def: A conjunction that joins two similarly constructed and/or syntactically equal words or phrases or clauses
Ex: "Man is the only animal that laughs and weeps, for he is the only animal that is struck with the difference between what things are, and what they might have been."
(William Hazlitt)
Sig: joins to main clauses the author wants to emphasize equally |
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Term
Subordinating Conjunctions
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Definition
Def: joins a subordinate clause to a main clause
Ex: even though, while, unless
Sig: presents a new idea and avoids run on sentences |
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Definition
Def: A clause that cannot form a separate sentence
Ex: although i don't know
Sig: it can not form an independent idea because it has no subject and verb |
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Definition
Def: A clause that can be used alone as a sentence and that is not dependent on any other grammatical construction
Ex: He hit the ball over the fence and he made a home run.
Sig: can form an independent idea with a subject and verb |
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Definition
Def: method of arranging things in relation to when they happen in time
Ex: First we went to the movies, then ate dinner at a restaurant, then had dessert.
Sig: the events are placed in order and can provide the audience with knowledge about the situation |
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Definition
Def: Spatial order is a method of description that begins at one geographical point and moves onward in an orderly fashion
Ex: On the bookshelf, the lowest shelf has fantasy books, followed by sci-fi above it, then myth at the very top.
Sig: provides knowledge and details for the reader |
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Definition
Def: A method of paragraph or essay development in which a writer analyzes the reasons for (and/or the consequences of) an action, event, or decision.
Ex: If you study and do your homework, you will do good on the test
Sig: able to portray to the audience his or her views |
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Definition
Def: message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter
Ex: Geology rocks! // It is easier to get older, than to get wiser
Sig: Humor can make an audience open up to the speaker |
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Def: exposing human folly to ridicule
Ex: political cartoons
Sig: it can be a creative way to oppose a view and show your opinions |
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