Term
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Definition
two premises and a conclusion
A=B
B=C
A=C |
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Term
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Definition
Since
Firstly, secondly
For, as, after all
Assuming that
in view of
the fact that
Follows from
as shown/indicated by
may be inferred/deduced/derived from |
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Term
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Definition
Therefore
so
it follows that
Hence
Consequently
Suggests/proves/demonstrates that
Entails
Implies |
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Term
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Definition
| Point arguer is trying to make |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| the inferential leap that connects the claim with the grounds |
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Term
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Definition
| additional justification for the warrant |
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Term
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Definition
| states the degree of force or probability to be attached to the claim |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| threats the listener or reader to win acceptance (physical or psychological) |
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Definition
| arguer attempts to support conclusion by evoking pity from the reader/listener |
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Term
Appeal to the people
(Direct) |
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Definition
| use mob mentatlity in a large crowd to win acceptance for a conclusion |
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Term
Appeal to people
(Indirect) |
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Definition
Band wagon
You should because everyone else is |
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Term
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Definition
You are bad
(verbal abuse) |
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Term
Ad Hominem
(circumstantial) |
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Definition
| arguer is affected by circumstances |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| general rule is applied to a specific case that the rule was not intended to fit |
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Term
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Definition
| distorts another person's argument for the purpose of more easily attacking it |
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Term
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Definition
| premises clearly imply one conclusion but the arguer draws a different conclusion not implied |
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Term
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Definition
| diverts attention by changing the subject and conclude he has won |
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Term
| Appeal to unqualified authorities |
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Definition
can lack credibility as a result or in expertise
Can be bias, or predujice, lie or miss recall
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Term
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Definition
premises assert that nothing has been proved about something, the conclusion aserts something positive about the thing
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Term
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Definition
| conclusion drawn from an atypical sample stating a claim about the whole population or larger group |
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Term
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Definition
| When conclusion depends on a supposed casual connection that probably doesn't exist |
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Term
| Post hoc, ergo propter hoc |
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Definition
After this... therefore on account of this
(two things are causally connected mainly because on happens after the other) |
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Term
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Definition
two things are casually connected mainly because they happen over the same interval of time
(mistaking cause for effect
or selecting the wrong factor froma number of factors) |
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Term
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Definition
| A multitude of couses combine to produce an effect and one of them is treated as if it were the only cause. |
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Term
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Definition
| am arguer supposes that events in a game of chance are causally related when in fact they aren't |
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Term
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Definition
| when the conclusion rests on an alleged unlikely chain reaction of courses |
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Term
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Definition
| conclusion depends on an analogy or similarity between two things or situations and the analogy is not strong enough to support the conclusion |
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Term
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Definition
| creates illusion that premises provide adequate support by leavin out a key premise restating the cnoclusion as a premise or by reasoning in a circle |
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Term
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Definition
| consists in phasing two or more questions in the form of a single question |
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Term
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Definition
| presents two inlikely options as if they were the only ones available |
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Term
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Definition
| ignores important evidence that requires a different conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| arise from use of ambiguous language in the premises or conclusion |
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Term
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Definition
| the conclusion of an argument depends on a word or phrase being used in two different senses |
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Term
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Definition
| misinterprets on ambiguous statement and then draws a conclusion based on the faulty interpretation |
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Term
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Definition
| erroneously transfer am attribute from the parts of something onto the whole |
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Term
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Definition
| erroneously trasgers an attribute from the whole of something onto the parts |
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