Term
| The main muscles which power the wings in bee flight are? |
|
Definition
| THE INDIRECT FLIGHT MUSCLES |
|
|
Term
| How many times can a drone sting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cross section of a bee's head showing the tentorium that acts as internal bracing |
|
|
Term
| What is in the image 3-1(1)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The four wings of the honey bee....
A. function as two wings only in the drones in order to give stability for mounting of the queen
B. function as two wings because of the hamuli
C. function as two wings because of the halteres
D. function as two wings because the hind wings are reduced as in all Diptera
E. function as four independent wings |
|
Definition
| B. function as two wings because of the hamuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A and B are the adductor and abductor muscles of the mandible, C |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The exoskeleton of the honey bee functions as what?
A.prevention of water loss
B. providing a framework for muscle attachment.
C.transmission of nervous impulses to the appendageS
D. all of the above
E. only A and B |
|
Definition
only a and b
-prevention of water loss
-providing a framework for muscle attachment |
|
|
Term
The passage of pollen as collected by honey bees and bumble bees is as follows -
i) removed from the antennae by the pollen rake.
ii) gathered by the pollen rakes into the pollen press.
iii) groomed from the body of the bee and dropped.
iv) taken from the body by the basitarsal brushes.
v) transferred from one side of the bee to the other by movements of the metathoracic legs.
vi) carried on the bee back to the hive.
vii) from the flower to the body of the bee.
viii) the bee is now so tired it goes to sleep and never wakes up.
ix) taken from the body by the pollen rake.
x) squeezed into the corbicular to make the pollen load.
xi) groomed from the body of the bee by the legs and passed posteriorly.
xii) transferred from one side of the bee to the other by movements of the mesothoracic leg
A. xi-iv-xii-ii-x-vi
B. vii-xi-iv-v-ii-x-vi
C. ix-v-i-iii-ii-vi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cross-section of a bee's proboscis |
|
|
Term
Drones and workers differ in the relative sizes of their compound eyes and antennae. Which of the following is correct?
A. workers have smaller eyes, but their antennae are the same length as in drones
B. drones have larger eyes but shorter antennae.
C. workers have larger eyes but shorter antennae
D. drones have smaller eyes but longer antennae
E. drones have larger eyes and longer antennae |
|
Definition
| E. drones have larger eyes and longer antennae |
|
|
Term
| The queen honey bee has how many pairs of locomotory appendages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Honey bees belong to the _______________ family of insects. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Referring to image 2-3...
The structures shown here are A)Coxae, B) Wings, C) Maxillae, D) Mandibles
And correspond to, in order, top, left, and right to
I) from different species of Wasp,
II) Queen, Worker, Drone,
III) Worker, Queen, Drone,
IV) Bumblebee, Honeybee, Fly
V) Bumblebee, Honeybee, Stingless Bee |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The name of the organ of honey bees (and all insects) which have a function similar to that of kidneys is?? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which series of reproductive parts best describes the possible path of a bee's egg to the outside world? |
|
Definition
| proximal ovariole, right oviduct, common oviduct, vaginal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the openings for in/out flow of air |
|
|
Term
Haemolymph in insects is similar to vertebrate blood because A,B,C,D , but dissimilar because I,II,III,IV
A) it conveys oxygen to the tissues.
B) it conveys nutrients to the tissues.
C) it conveys waste products from the tissues.
D) it contains cells involved in fighting infection.
I) it does not convey oxygen to the body tissues.
II) it is more or less colourless or clear.
III) it does not flow through a complex series of vessels.
IV) it does not reach the brain
A. B,C,D,I,II,III are all true
B. A,C,D,II,IV are all true
C. A,B,I,IV are all true
D. B,D,II,III,IV are all true |
|
Definition
| A. B, C, D, I, II, III are all true |
|
|
Term
| Bees use secretion of the hypopharyngeal glands as?? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Atennal lobes....
A. are small areas on the head which give rise to antennae outer body
B. are the last segment of antennae
C. give rise to antennal nerve
D. are the knees on the antenna
E. are the segments of antennae |
|
Definition
| C. give rise to antennal nerve |
|
|
Term
| Where is the sperm in mature drones stored? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The circulatory system in bees is....
a) by veins and capillaries.
b) by paired capillaries.
c) by a single artery.
d) open.
e) abdominal capillaries and open in thorax and head |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the Nasonov gland do....??? |
|
Definition
| releases secretion to help the workers recognize each other and the hive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it's the storage organ for lipid and glycogen!! get it? FAT body ;) |
|
|
Term
| What is the ventriculus?? |
|
Definition
| A highly folded part of the gut for digestion and absorption of food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the frontal view of the brain of a bee |
|
|
Term
Drones can mate....
a) with several queens and then they die.
b) with only one queen per season for about a total of 3 seasons.
c) only once and then they die.
d) only once and then the workers drive them from the hive when they return.
e) numerous times, depending on their competitivenes |
|
Definition
| C. only once and then they die! |
|
|
Term
| In the controversy about the dance language detractors of the interpretations by von Frisch considered what main sensory modes to be more important in honeybee orientation than the information in the dance language itself |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are bee hives not closed up tight for the winter? |
|
Definition
-to allow the bees to go out for cleansing flights when weather permits
-to prevent condensation build-up in the hive
-to allow for fresh air for respiration |
|
|
Term
In conveying information to other bees about resources, honeybee foragers on return to the hive use measures of...
A)the effort expended. I)on the outgoing flight.
B)the amount or quality of reward they obtain II)on the return flight
C)the magnetic field of the earth. III)on the round trip
D)distance as perceived by their eyes as they
traverse the land |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Match the following glands or chemicals and their function
I) Nasanov A) Colony Regulation.
II) Footprint B) Orientation
III) Queen Mandibular Pheromone C) Royal Jelly
IV) Isoamylacetate D) Colony Recognition
V) Hypopharyngeal E) Drone Attraction
F) Alar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In hot weather, honey bees (Apis mellifera ligustica or A. m. carnica for example) maintain optimal brood nest temperatures by doing what? |
|
Definition
| fanning air and evaporating water in the hive |
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? In colony thermoregulation
a) the bees maintain the brood temperature at 35±°C
b) the bees adjust their density as a first behaviour to maintain a constant temperature.
c) the workers sometimes help to keep the brood cool by spreading a thin layer of water on the comb surface.
d) the winter cluster temperature is usually not lower than 20°C.
e) individual bees at the edge of the winter cluster cannot move if their temperature drops below 8°C |
|
Definition
| e.) individual bees at the edge of the winter cluster cannot move if their temp. drops below 8°C |
|
|
Term
What temperature would you expect in the centre of an overwintering cluster in late February? and why?
a) about 10-15 C because there is no brood to incubate.
b) about 39 C because there is brood to incubate.
c) about 28 C because the colony is just starting to raise brood.
d) about 35 C because there is brood to incubate.
e) about 35 C because the colony has to maintain this cluster temperature for survival of workers. |
|
Definition
| d.) about 35 C because there is brood to incubate |
|
|
Term
| Sharp (acute) angles of turning by foraging bees between flowers or inflorescences results from?? |
|
Definition
| rich nectar/pollen resources |
|
|
Term
| What is an emergency cell? |
|
Definition
| a cell constructed, often in the middle of the brood comb, from a worker cell, for rearing a new queen |
|
|
Term
The regulation of the division of labour in a honeybee colony...
a) depends on a rigid genetic determination of behaviour.
b) is very flexible: any bee can do any task at any time.
c) depends on an interplay of a genetic program and environmental stimuli.
d) follows a fixed program of juvenile hormone secretion which regulates behaviour.
e) is rather poor, resulting in most bees spending most of their time doing non-task-oriented activities |
|
Definition
| c.) depends on an interplay of a genetic program and environmental stimuli |
|
|
Term
If you observe that the workers in a colony are laying eggs, what conclusions can you draw about the status of the colony??
a) the colony is normal as some of the workers always lay eggs.
b) a swarm has just left, resulting in a queenless colony.
c) normal supersedure of the queen is taking place.
d) there is a virgin queen in the colony so the workers are laying eggs until she is mated and able to begin egg laying herself.
e) the colony is probably hopelessly queenless |
|
Definition
| e.) the colony is probably hopelessly queenless |
|
|
Term
| One way in which reproductive isolation is maintained between similar species such as A. cerana and A. koschnevnikovi (previously called A. vechti) is... |
|
Definition
| by temporal isolation of drone flight! |
|
|
Term
Of the races of A. mellifera, which of the following is native to North America?
1) ligustica.
2) mellifera.
3) adansonii.
4) caucasica.
5) there are no Apis honey bees native to North Americ |
|
Definition
| 5) there are no Apis honey bees native to N. America |
|
|
Term
Africanized bees have spread through the Americas at an alarming rate. Where is the generally suggested approximate limit of their range in N. America expected to reach once they have expanded to their full potential?
1) S. United States.
2) James Bay.
3) the Panama Canal.
4) N. Mexico.
5) S. Ontario |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
European honey bees have several distinctive genetic characteristics vs. other honey bees
i) multiple mating of queen bee
ii) workers can lay eggs in winter
iii) haplo-diploidy in sex determination
iv) drone produces identical sperm and multiple mates with queen bee
1) i, iii, iv.
2) i, ii, iv.
3) i, iii.
4) all of the above.
5) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A Drone bee ...
a) is haploid.
b) can never be a hybrid.
c) contains one gamete from the queen mother.
d) is diploid.
e) a,b,c |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The bees knees are on its legs; where is its nose (organ of smell)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In addition to visual motion perception, the compound eye can???
1) perceive pheromones which are produced by the queens.
2) perceive pheromones produced by diploid drone larvae.
3) perceive air flow by using air pressure on the lenses.
4) perceive pheromones produced by scout bees which are necessary for interpretation of the dance language.
5) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the rate of flicker fusion in bees assist their behaviour? |
|
Definition
| it gives them a great visual appreciation of motion |
|
|
Term
Honey bees are not able to distinguish between the following -
1) yellow and red.
2) blue and green.
3) ultraviolet and yellow.
4) black and red.
5) green and ultraviolet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which senses are used by European bees to interpret the waggle dance and its associated information? -
1) sight, olfaction, touch.
2) olfaction and sound only.
3) sight only.
4) olfaction, touch, sound.
5) touch and sound only. |
|
Definition
| 4) olfaction, touch and sound |
|
|
Term
What are the bee primary colours? -
1) UV, blue, purple.
2) red, infrared, green (or yellow-green).
3) UV, green (or yellow-green), blue.
4) black and white.
5) red, blue, UV |
|
Definition
| 3) UV, green (or yellow-green), blue |
|
|
Term
| The visual image perceived by an insect is thought to be ____________ because each facet of the compound eye receives light from a _____________ angle than do the cells in the vertebrate eye. The image formed by the insect eye is often thought of as represented by a ______?? |
|
Definition
less defined than in humans
wider
mosaic |
|
|
Term
| What disease is caused by Baccillus? And what can be used to treat it? |
|
Definition
American Foul Brood (AFB)
Octetracycline HCl |
|
|
Term
Proprioception is __________ and in honey bees proprioceptors can be found ________________ -
i) perception of whereabouts in landscape
ii) perception of position of body parts
iii) perception of speed of flight
iv) perception of cell sizes during cell building
v) all of the above.
A) for example, on the antennal hairs
B) for example, on the galea
C) well exemplified between the head and thorax
D) in the mushroom bodies of the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a queen excluder used for? |
|
Definition
| to keep the queen from entering the honey supers! |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
a) James Gould challenged the dance language hypothesis, believing that odour alone could explain bee recruitment to food sources.
b) L.L. Langstroth invented the hive design still widely used in modern beekeeping
c) C.K. Sprengel wrote the first book on pollination.
d) Karl von Frisch studied honeybee dances and interpreted them in the way they are largely understood today
e) the centrifugal extractor was invented by Major F. Hruschk |
|
Definition
| a) James Gould challenged the dance language hypothesis, believing that odour alone could explain bee recruitment to food sources |
|
|
Term
| What are the most basic functions of a bee hive? |
|
Definition
-protection of bees from weather
-to allow bees to protect themselves from predators and pests
-to allow the beekeeper access to the hive to harvest bee products and to manipulate the hive by moving it or re-arranging it inside |
|
|
Term
Which of the combinations below is correct?
A. Sacbrood 1.Caused by a bacterium which infects bee larvae.
B. European Foulbrood is 2.A mite which attacks brood and adult bees.
C. Varroa is 3.A mite which attacks only adult bees
D. Chalkbrood is 4.Caused by a fungus which infects bee larvae.
E. Nosema 5.Caused by a virus which attacks bee larvae.
F. Acarine disease is caused by 6.Causes dyssentry in bees
a) E and 6, F and 2, D and 4, C and 3, B and 1, A and 5.
b) A and 1, B and 5, C and 3, F and 2, E and 6, D and 4.
c) A and 4, C and 3, B and 5, D and 1, E and 6, F and 2.
d) C and 2, B and 1, D and 4, A and 5, F and 3, E and 6.
e) B and 1, A and 4, F and 2, C and 3, D and 5, E and 6 |
|
Definition
| d) c and 2, b and 1, d and 4, a and 5, f and 3, e and 6 |
|
|
Term
| Name some of the symptoms caused by Amercan Foul Brood (AFB( |
|
Definition
spreads rapidly
difficult to control
infected briid - sunken, greasy, perforated cappings
Dead pupae have mouthparts stuck to top of cell
after a few days, corpses dry and form scales on bottom of hive = reservoir of bacteria |
|
|
Term
Apis cerana and Vespa mandarinia (a wasp) interact as follows
a) Vespa mandarina raids colonies of Apis cerana killing adult and larval bees for food.
b) Apis cerana fights off raiding Vespa mandarina by "balling" them and "cooking" them with body heat.
c) Vespa mandarina out-competes Apis cerana in foraging for floral resources.
d) Apis cerana uses cavities made by Vespa mandarina for nesting.
e) both a. and b. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Infestation of ___________ is often greatest in drone cells
a) Varroa
b) Chalkbrood
c) Sacbrood
d) Nosema
e) Amoeba |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
a) Braula caeca is also known as the bee louse.
b) Varroa mites' natural host is Apis cerana.
c) Acarapis woodi enters the bee's body mostly via the abdominal trachea.
d) Tropilaelaps' natural host is Apis dorsata.
e) Varroa mites show a preference for infecting drone brood. |
|
Definition
| c) Acarapis woodi enters the bee's body mostly via the abdominal trachea |
|
|
Term
| Where does beeswax originate from? |
|
Definition
| secretions of abdominal glands |
|
|
Term
| Some honey is thixotropic, which means that?? |
|
Definition
| it contains proteins that cause the honey to gel in the comb or in honey containers |
|
|
Term
The granulation of honey depends mostly on __________ which if more than __________ indicates a high propensity to granulate
a) Glucose:Water ratio, 2.0.
b) Glucose:Fructose ratio, 1.3.
c) Temperature, 18°C.
d) Relative Humidity, 60%.
e) c. and d. |
|
Definition
| a) Glucose:water ratio, 2.0 |
|
|
Term
| What is beeswax made up of? |
|
Definition
| long carbon chain molecules |
|
|
Term
The greatest economic benefit of honeybees is.....
a) the production of honey for export.
b) pollination services for agricultural crops
c) the production of beeswax and related products.
d) the production of honey for the home market.
e) the production of medicinally useful product |
|
Definition
IF YOU DIDN'T GET THIS, YOU ARE IN TROUBLE
b) pollination services for agricultural crops |
|
|
Term
A 17th century proverb reads:
"A swarm in May is worth a load of hay
A swarm in June is worth a silver spoon, but
A swarm in July isn't worth a fly"
Why are July swarms of little value in beekeeping? -
a) they are nearly all afterswarms with virgin queens.
b) they will not be able to bring in a large enough summer honey crop for overwintering
c) there are no swarms in July.
d) they usually have so few bees that they cannot survive the winter.
e) they are especially defensive because of the hot weather. |
|
Definition
| b) they will not be able to bring in a large enough summer honey crop for overwintering |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of European Foul Brood (EFB)? |
|
Definition
smilar to AFB - irregular brood pattern, sunken, discoloured, greasy-looking cappings, nasty smell
dead larvae twisted with head raised
scales rubbery
|
|
|
Term
The honey bee, Apis mellifera, is
a) the major honey-producing bee world-wide.
b) the most intensively studied species of insect.
c) the most important managed pollinator of crop plants.
d) a and b only
e) a, b and c are all correct |
|
Definition
| e) a, b and c are all correct |
|
|
Term
| What crop is serviced for pollination by Megachile rotundata? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bumblebees are (pick one) better/worse pollinators than honey bees for greenhouse tomatoes because why?? |
|
Definition
| better because they forage well in greenhouses and are adept at buzz-pollinating the flowers |
|
|
Term
| What is a Bumble bee constitute subfamily? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The alfalfa leafcutting bee makes its nests where/how? |
|
Definition
| in tunnels and of cells made of vegetation |
|
|
Term
| what does a bumblebee's nest lack? |
|
Definition
| individual chambers for eggs and young larvae |
|
|
Term
Megachile rotundata pollinates alfalfa crops; Apis mellifera is less efficient at this task because
a) it does not tolerate well alfalfa's mechanism of pollen liberation.
b) it cannot taste the low sugar content of alfalfa nectar.
c) it is not coordinated enough to open the complex flowers of alfalfa.
d) alfalfa flowers have a low visibility in Apis mellifera's colour spectrum.
e) alfalfa flowers are too small for Apis mellifera to see, even at a close distance |
|
Definition
| a) it does not tolerate well alfalfa's mechanism of pollen liberation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eggs laid by workers of stingless bees as food for their queen |
|
|
Term
| What is mass provisioning? |
|
Definition
-the filling at one time of brood cells with all the food the larva will need
-characteristic of stingless and solitary bee nesting behaviour |
|
|
Term
| What disease is caused by Melissococcus pluton? |
|
Definition
| European Foul Brood (EFB) |
|
|
Term
| What are the sympotoms of Sacbrood. |
|
Definition
larvae becomes sac-like
darkened heads
corpses scattered throughout brood pattern
it is the most important viral disease |
|
|
Term
Stingless bee brood cells are:
i. mostly hexagonal in cross-section
ii. round in cross-section
iii. capped over by adult workers when the larvae pupate
iv. have special collars that are folded over as caps by the adult workers when the egg is laid.
v. receive provisions from adult workers as the larvae develop. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Honey bees are ______, the bumblebees in Ontario are _____, and the hoary squash bee (Peponapis pruinosa) is a(n) ______ bee
a) eusocial, parasocial, gregarious.
b) primitively eusocial, parasocial, gregarious.
c) social, parasocial, individual.
d) fully eusocial, primitively eusocial, solitary.
e) colonial, paracolonial, solitary |
|
Definition
| d) fully eusocial , primitively eusocial, solitary |
|
|
Term
In regards of image STING...
The illustration is of a hive of a ________. Inside one would expect to find the brood and stores in __________. Such hives are kept traditionally in _________________.
a) wasp, similar cells, tropical Asia and Africa.
b) tropical bee, similar cells in different parts of the colony, south east Asia.
c) stingless bee, cells in different parts of the hive, central and south America.
d) meliponine, architecturally distinctive cells, tropical Americas.
e) c and d. |
|
Definition
| c) stingless bee, cells in different parts of the hive, central and south america |
|
|
Term
| A. cerana also suffered from a disease equivalent to Sacbrood. Where in world did it impact? |
|
Definition
| Nepal, northwestern India, Kashmir, Pakistan |
|
|
Term
What is Chalkbrood caused by?
A) Ascosphaera apis
B) Aspergillus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of Chalkbrood? |
|
Definition
Hardened mummies look like pieces of white chalk
affects 3-4 day old hatchlings
No cure
Strong colony will eliminate disease on its own |
|
|
Term
What fungus causes Stonebrood?
A) Asocphaera apis
B) Aspergillus flavus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What other sppieces can Asoergillus flavus affact? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two microscopic examinations are necessary for diagnosis of most diseases and parasites in adult honeybees? |
|
Definition
1. Stereoscopic low power model
2. High power compound model |
|
|
Term
| What pathogen is Nosema Disease caused by? |
|
Definition
Nosema apis
which is a protozoan (microsporidia) whch develops in epithelial cells of ventriculus midgut of adults |
|
|
Term
| How is Nosema disease transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The spores of Nosema disease are ingested pass through in what order?
A) oesophagus -> honey stomach -> proventriculus
B) proventriculus -> oesophagus -> honey stomach
C) honey stomach -> oesophagus -> proventriculus
D) oesophagus -> proventriculus -> honey stomach |
|
Definition
| A) oesophagus -> honey stomach -> proventriculus |
|
|
Term
The development time from egg to adult of a worker bee at 35 C is...
a) 21 days.
b) 16 days.
c) less than 16 days.
d) greater than 16 and less than 21.
e) 224 days. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Refer to image 7 (from word doc), the image represents the reproductive system of:
a) a virgin queen
b) a normal worker bee
c) a mated queen
d) a mated worker bee |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Protozoan cells of Nosema Disease indave which type of cells upon germinaton?
A) Mesenchyme cells
B) Epithelial cells
C) Endoderm cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of Nosema Disease? |
|
Definition
crawling bees with distended abdomens and dislocated wings
bees are unable to sting |
|
|
Term
| What is Acarine disease (acaiosis) caused by? |
|
Definition
| Tracheal mites (Acarapis woodi) |
|
|
Term
What species of bees did Varroatosis naturall occur in?
A) A. mellifera
B) A. cerana
C) A. dorsata
D) A. florea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does tracheal mites affect the body of the bee? |
|
Definition
| The mites reproduce and can proliferate enough to more or less black the trachaea |
|
|
Term
| How many stages of life does a tracheal mite have? |
|
Definition
| Four - egg, larva, nymph and adult |
|
|
Term
| Descrbe the features of Varroa Destructor (mites) |
|
Definition
reddish brown in colour
large and are easily seen by the naked eye
they feed on the haemolymph of larval, pupal and adult honeybees of all castes |
|
|
Term
Which of the following do Varroa mites prefer?
A) workers
B) queens
C) drone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do adult Varroa mites mature/grown? |
|
Definition
| The female layes mites in cells occupied by week-old broods, so when the adult bee is uncapped and ready to emerge so are the adult mites. |
|
|
Term
What do Varroa mites feed on?
A) colony wax
B) haemolymph
C) colony honey
D) bee organs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How fast are Varroa mites able to take over a colony and why?
A) few days
B) several months
C) several years
D) they are unable to take over the colony |
|
Definition
| because the reproductive rate is low (4 per female) so it takes several years fo population to rise high enought to seriously weaken the colony |
|
|
Term
| Why is there not an effective protection measure against Varroa mites? |
|
Definition
| Treatments of miticies leaves residues in wax and honey so they have developed resistance to the treatments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A parasite that lives on the exterior of another organism. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following invades bee hives as adults by laying their eggs in cracks and crevices in the hive and sometimes on the comb?
A) greater wax moth
B) lesser wax moth
C) bumblebee wax moth
D) all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following factors is important in stimulating hatchling of moth eggs?
A) amount of sunlight
B) temperature
C) amount of water
D) number of bees in the hive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What do larvae moths feed on when in the hive?
A) pollen
B) remains of larvel honeybees
C) honeybee cocoon silk
D) eclosed honeybees faeces
E) all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| While they feed, what to larvae moths leave in the path? |
|
Definition
| silk webbing over the surface of the comb which smells bad and is difficult to remove |
|
|
Term
How many eggs can an adult hive beetle lay?
A) 10
B) 100
C) 1000
D) 10000 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What impacts does the beetle hive have on a hive? |
|
Definition
| they invade the honeycomb (feeding and defecating there) whch causes the honey to silute, fermet and spoil. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following are predators of the honeybee/.
A) Skunks
B) Woodpeckers
C) Spiders
D) toads and lizards
E) all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What affect do Chlorinated hydrocarbons have on honey bees?
A) interfere with nervous tranmission
B) acts similar to nerve gas
C) Interfere with sodium balances
D) interfere with neural and neuromuscular nervous impulse transmission |
|
Definition
| A) interfere with nervous tranmission |
|
|
Term
What affect does Organophosphates have on honeybees?
A) interfere with nervous tranmission
B) acts similar to nerve gas
C) Interfere with sodium balances
D) interfere with neural and neuromuscular nervous impulse transmission |
|
Definition
| B) acts similar to nerve gas |
|
|
Term
What affect do Pyrethroids have on honey bees?
A) interfere with nervous tranmission
B) acts similar to nerve gas
C) Interfere with sodium balances
D) interfere with neural and neuromuscular nervous impulse transmission |
|
Definition
| C) Interfere with sodium balances |
|
|
Term
What affects do Avernectin have on honeybees?
A) interfere with nervous tranmission
B) acts similar to nerve gas
C) Interfere with sodium balances
D) interfere with neural and neuromuscular nervous impulse transmission |
|
Definition
| D) interfere with neural and neuromuscular nervous impulse transmission |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is highly toxic to honeybees?
A) Chloronicotines
B) Avermectin
C) spinosyns
D) all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which types of bees can produce honey?
A) honeybee
B) stingless bees
C) bumblebees
D) all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is section comb honey? |
|
Definition
| specially produced in wooden frames inserted into the bee hive |
|
|
Term
Can bees hear?
A. yes
B. no
i)they receive vibrations mostly through their tarsi
ii) they have special mechanoreceptors in the antennae
*)they respond best to low frequency vibrations
+) they respond to high frequency vibrations
a) B, i, *.
b) A, ii, +.
c) B, i, +.
d) B, i, *.
e) A, ii, *. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Optimal foraging refers to -
a) maximizing the number of bees working a specific floral resource.
b) maximizing the number of different floral resources being worked by a colony of bees at one given time.
c) minimizing the energy used to maximize the number of floral resources worked.
d) minimizing the energy used to maximize the reward obtained.
e) foraging only to maximize reward. |
|
Definition
| c) minimizing the energy used to maximize the number of floral resources worked |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it is cut from frames that were originally equipped witht think foundation wihtout wire supposrts - the cut pieces are sold |
|
|
Term
In conveying information to other bees about resources, honeybee foragers on return to the hive use measures of -
A) the effort expended. I)on the outgoing flight.
B) the amount or quality of reward they obtain. II)on the return flight.
C) the magnetic field of the earth. III) on the round trip.
D) distance as perceived by their eyes as they traverse the land.
a) B and III.
b) A and II.
c) C and I and II.
d) A and I.
e) D and I. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
is the term aggressive applicable to some races and species of honeybees?
a) no, because bees are just defending themselves.
b) yes, because some bees have nasty dispositions.
c) no, because bees are part of the natural scheme of life.
d) yes, because some bees out-compete other bees for resources.
e) a combination of a and d comprise the best answer to the question. |
|
Definition
| e) a combination of a and d comprise the best answer to the question |
|
|
Term
If honey has <18.6% moisture content it is considered to be
A) Grade A
B) Grade B
C) Grade C
D) crappy honey |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Apis cerana may be found in -
a) Bolivia, Uruguay, Peru, and Argentina.
b) Australia, New Zealand, and Egypt.
c) Italy, Greece, Holland, and France.
d) India, Malaysia, Thailand, and Japan.
e) S. Africa, Madagascar, and Ghana. |
|
Definition
| d) India, Malaysia, Thailand and Japan |
|
|
Term
Footprint pheromone in workers is secreted by the ______________ located __________ and serves in_ ___________ -
a) Dufour gland, in the abdomen, an unknown manner.
b) Arnhart gland, on the coxa, flower recognition.
c) Alkaline gland, on the tarsi, orientation and site recognition.
d) Tibial gland, on the tibia, orientation and site recognition.
e) Arnhart gland, on the tarsi, orientation and site recognition. |
|
Definition
| e) Arnhart gland, on the tarsi, orientation and site recognition |
|
|
Term
The closed population breeding program is designed and based on -
I) multiple mating of the queen bee.
II) the queen being the only reproductive female in the colony.
III) the drone capability to mate repetitively with the queen.
IV) inbreeding, which is based on the homogeneity of the sex alleles.
V) the number of diploid drones that mate with the queen.
a) I, II, and III.
b) I, II, and IV.
c) II, III, and IV.
d) III, IV, and V.
e) all of the above. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If honey has 20% moisture content it is considered to be
A) Grade A
B) Grade B
C) Grade C
D) crappy honey |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In which region did Apis mellifera ligustica originate? -
a) Northern Europe.
b) the Middle East.
c) Southeastern Africa.
d) India.
e) Northern Italy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the moisture content of honey usually measured? |
|
Definition
| Refractive index - as light passes through some solutions it is bent and the extent to which light is bent (or refracted) depends on the amount of sugar present |
|
|
Term
In which region is Apis mellifera scutellata naturally found? -
a) northern Europe.
b) the Middle East.
c) southeastern Africa.
d) western Africa.
e) northern Italy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In the waggle dance of a nectar forager returning to the hive, the tempo of the dance communicates -
a) quality and direction of nectar source.
b) quality, direction and distance of nectar source.
c) distance to nectar source.
d) direction of nectar source.
e) quality of nectar source. |
|
Definition
| c) the distance to nectar source |
|
|
Term
What is a drone comet? -
a) a fast moving drone attempting to regain entrance to a hive.
b) a group of drones pursuing a queen with a primary swarm.
c) a rounded, triangular sensory organ on the head of a drone.
d) a group of drones pursuing a young queen on her mating flight.
e) the foraging configuration or path of nectar-seeking drones. |
|
Definition
| d) a group of drones pursuing a young queen on her mating flight |
|
|
Term
High quality honeys are...
A) clear
B) solid
C) either |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can the clarity of honey be improved? |
|
Definition
| by allowing it to stand and air bubbles as well as small particles of wax floating to the surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the converse of clarity, and in honey quality assessment and judging. - low tubidity indicates careful handling and processing |
|
|
Term
Can bees tell time?
a) yes.
b) no.
c) only at night.
d) only when foraging.
e) only when being tested. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Honey has a tendancy to be hydroscopic. This means?? |
|
Definition
it absorbs moisture from the air if the humidity is high
- so in humid places the bees are unable to evaporate moisture from honey to produce even standard grade honey
- the results is that honeys from humid areas, particularly of the tropics havea tendency to ferment rapidly and spoil |
|
|
Term
Diploid drones are -
a) different in many morphological characteristics from haploid drones.
b) normal males showing super valuable characteristics.
c) able to produce identical sperms, just as haploid males do.
d) super males which are the result of excessive production of male hormones.
e) none of the above. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Of the races of A. mellifera, which of the following was taken to Brazil in about 1957 resulting in the eventual spread of Africanized bees throughout the Americas? -
a) ligustica.
b) mellifera.
c) adansonii.
d) caucasica.
e) none of the above. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Absconding is usually caused by -
a) death of the queen.
b) lack of forage food in the area.
c) the production of queen cells.
d) weakening of the colony.
e) all of the above. |
|
Definition
| b) lack of forage food in the area |
|
|
Term
An emergency cell is -
a) a cell that often develops into a drone.
b) a cell constructed, often in the middle of the brood comb from a worker cell, for rearing a new queen.
c) a cell constructed mostly at the bottom of the brood chamber from a queen cup for rearing a new queen.
d) a and b.
e) a hospital room for a badly stung beekeeper. |
|
Definition
| b) a cell constructed, often in the middle of the brood comb from a worker cell, for rearing a new queen |
|
|
Term
Water gobbetting is -
a) a form of defense.
b) a way to evaporate fluids from honey.
c) water foraging in tropical races of Apis mellifera.
d) a part of thermoregulation in honeybees, especially the giant honeybee, Apis dorsata.
e) a symptom of Nosema disease. |
|
Definition
| d) a part of thermoregulation in honeybees, especially the giant honeybee, Apis dorsata |
|
|
Term
| What are the units for viscosity? |
|
Definition
'poise'
eg water has a viscosity of about 0.01 poise |
|
|
Term
Africanized bees originated in (A) in (B) from stocks of (C) taken from (D) for breeding experiments. The expected limit of their establishment is (E) - (the bold letters and numbers refer to the answer code)
(A) Brazil, Zambia, Mexico
(B) 1851, 1957, 1996, 1630
(C) A. m. scutellata, A. m. adansonii, A. m. litorea, A. m. intermissa
(D) West Africa, North Africa, Southeastern Africa, Republic of South Africa
(E) Mid to Northern U.S.A., Coastal mainland U.S.A., Tropical Central America and Mexico, Southern U.S.A.
(by inserting the correct choice into the sentences they will be true, the bold letters and numbers in the choices and possible answers will allow you to answer correctly)
a) B, 7, s, S, S.
b) Z, 6, a, S, M.
c) B, 7, s, S, M.
d) B, 0, i, N, S.
e) M, 1, l, R, C. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Queen Mandibular Pheromone is dispersed throughout a honeybee colony mostly by -
a) being consumed with honey by bees in the colony.
b) the queen chewing and licking comb as she moves about.
c) being carried on the bodies of worker bees.
d) air currents and fanning.
e) all of the above. |
|
Definition
| c) being carried on the bodies of worker bees |
|
|
Term
Match the following glands or chemicals with their function...
I) Nasanov. A) Colony Regulation.
II) Footprint. B) Orientation.
III) Queen Mandibular Pheromone. C) Royal Jelly.
IV) Isoamyl acetate. D) Colony Recognition.
V) Hypopharyngeal. E) Drone Attraction.
F) Alarm.
a) I = D & B, IV = F, V = C.
b) I = D, IV = E, V = C.
c) I = D, II = B, III = F.
d) I = C & F, II = F, V = E.
e) II = D, III = E, V = C. |
|
Definition
| a) I = D & B, IV = F, V = C |
|
|
Term
This bee is performing the __________ dance to convey to her nestmates that the source of food is ____________. -
a) waggle, some distance (>100 m) directly away from the sun.
b) crescent (or intermediate), some distance (>100 m) to the south.
c) waggle, some distance (>100 m) to the south.
d) waggle, some distance (>100 m) to the north.
e) double round dance, plentiful and nearby. |
|
Definition
| e) double round dance, plentiful and nearby |
|
|
Term
When 2 virgin queens emerge simultaneously -
a) one of the queens stays in the bottom brood box and the other goes to the upper box.
b) they fight until one is dead.
c) the workers kill the queen which has pheromones that do not match closely to the old queen.
d) this does not occur because the workers can control the aging of the queen larvae.
e) workers will kill both queens and raise another one. |
|
Definition
| b) they fight until one is dead |
|
|
Term
The viscosity of honey depends on the floral source (amoung other things)
A) True
B) False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When placed near power lines, honeybees
a) are more relaxed.
b) get lost more easily.
c) become more irritable and defensive.
d) do not change their behavior.
e) a and b are both correct. |
|
Definition
| c) become more irritable and defensive |
|
|
Term
Honey should not be kept low temperatures for long because it tends to denature.
A) True
B) False |
|
Definition
| B) false - honey tends to denature when kept at high temp (+50 C) for too long |
|
|
Term
Scientists believe that the most likely direct ancestor of all bees was -
a) Apis dorsata.
b) some kind of beetle-like insect.
c) a solitary kind of Megachilidae.
d) a hornet-like social wasp.
e) some kind of wasp or wasp-like insect. |
|
Definition
| e) some kind of wasp or wasp-like insect |
|
|
Term
Optimal foraging refers to -
a) maximizing the number of bees working a specific floral resource.
b) maximizing the number of different floral resources being worked by a colony of bees at one given time.
c) minimizing the energy used to maximize the number of floral resources worked.
d) minimizing the energy used to maximize the reward obtained.
e) foraging only to maximize reward. |
|
Definition
| d) minimizing the energy used to maximize the reward obtained |
|
|
Term
If honey has a ratio of glucose to water of more than about 2 the honey tends to _________
A) granulate
B) explode
C) solidify |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following gives honey most of its characteristics and flavour?
A) glucose
B) fructose
C) sucrose
D) plants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The pH of honey is between
A) 6.6-7.4
B) 2.2-3.1
C) 3.6-4.2
D) 4.5-6.5 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following provide honey with its distinctive texture, taste, aroma and colour?
A) proteinaceous materials
B) pigments
C) bees' wax
D) all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The drones produced in a single queen colony are -
a) all brothers.
b) all half-brothers.
c) all brothers or half-brothers.
d) not necessarily related at all.
e) unrelated to the workers in the colony. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency of liquid to form a gel |
|
|
Term
What is the average number of pollen grains in the average Canadian honey?
A) none
B) bazinga
C) 4,500,000 per kg
D) 450,000 per kg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All honey contains osmophilic (sugar-tolerant) yeasts which can multiply, with concomitant fermenetatoin, if the water content is high and the temperature is favourable.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
A) true
Those yeasts feed on the sugars and break them down to form alcohol
as a general rule, honey's tendency to fermet is an interaction between the amount of water and the number of yeasts cells present |
|
|
Term
Who is able to secret wax?
A) workers about 9-17 days old
B) queen bee all throughout her life
C) drones 21-28 days old
A) workers about 25-35 days old |
|
Definition
| A) workers about 9-17 days old |
|
|
Term
Wasps are mostly A members of the taxonB and show C range of sociality
from D to E-
A I) herbivorous. B I) Hymenoptera.
II) carnivorous. II) Apoidea.
III) parasitic. III) Megachilidae.
C I) narrow. IV) Thysanoptera.
II) wide. D I) solitary.
E I) parasocial. II) parasocial.
II) primitively eusocial. III) gregarious.
III) gregarious.
a) AI + BIV + CI + DI + EIII.
b) AIII + BI + CII + DI + EI.
c) AII + BII + CII + DII + EII.
d) AIII + BIII + CI + DIII + EI.
e) AII + BI + CII + DI + EII. |
|
Definition
| e) AII + BI + CII + DI + EII |
|
|
Term
One way in which reproductive isolation is maintained between similar species such as A. cerana and A. koschnevnikovi (previously called A. vechti) is -
a) by temporal isolation of drone flight.
b) by queens fighting.
c) by geographic isolation.
d) by living in different hives.
e) there is no reproductive isolation. |
|
Definition
| a) by temporal isolation of drone flight |
|
|
Term
The insect brain is similar to ours in that it
a) has the equivalent of left and right hemispheres.
b) has a central body for integrating information.
c) has about the same number of cells.
d) a and b are correct.
e) b and c are correct. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Bee's wax s costly to make.
A) True
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The haemolymph:
a) carries oxygen
b) pumps rich, clean blood to the brain
c) transports water soluble carbon dioxide
d) bathes the nerve cords
e) all of the above
f) b) c) d) are all correct |
|
Definition
| f) b, c, d are all correct |
|
|
Term
The development time from egg to adult of a worker bee at 35°C is
a) 21 days.
b) 16 days.
c) less than 16 days.
d) greater than 16 and less than 21.
e) 224 days. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hypopharyngeal glands secretion is highly important because it is used for
a) Digestion
b) Controlling the workers' activities
c) Wax making
d) Royal jelly
e) a and d are correct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
in regards to image 39 (word doc), the following are presented -
a) circulatory system, dorsal aorta.
b) digestive system, dorsal intestine.
c) excretory system, Malpighian tubules.
d) digestive system, nutrient flow in haemolymph.
e) nervous system, abdominal ganglia. |
|
Definition
| e) nervous system, abdominal ganglia |
|
|
Term
The main muscles which power the wings in bee flight are
a) the dorso-ventral direct flight muscles.
b) a combination of the dorso-ventral and longitudinal direct flight muscles.
c) the indirect flight muscles
d) the muscles attached to the wing bases
e) small in comparison to the direct flight muscles. |
|
Definition
| c) the indirect flight muscles |
|
|
Term
Bee's consume approximately ___________ honey to make 1 kg of wax.
A) 1kg
B) 10.7-21.3 Kg
C) 6.5-9 Kg
D) 2.2-4.5 Kg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Guard bees
a) determine nestmates by odour
b) become guards before becoming foragers
c) are drones.
d) only a. and c.
e) only a. and b. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Young worker bees synthesize wax within their bodies and pass it out through the _________ glands into the _____________ as eight small, shiny white flakes |
|
Definition
| was glands, abdominal wax pockets |
|
|
Term
Callow workers have difficulty in stinging because
a) they are diseased.
b) they haven't learned how to sting.
c) they are young and still have soft cuticle (chitin)
d) they are naturally stingless bees.
e) they use their stingers to oviposit |
|
Definition
| c) they are young and still have soft cuticle (chitin) |
|
|
Term
The body hairs of bees are characteristically
a) smooth and straight and trap pollen.
b) barbed and sharp and hold pollen loads.
c) soft and cuddly.
d) unbranched and shed pollen
e) branched and trap pollen |
|
Definition
| e) branched and trap pollen |
|
|
Term
looking at image 101 (from word doc), match the heads and castes
a) B Queen, C Drone, A Worker.
b) B Queen, A Drone, C Worker.
c) C Queen, A Drone, B Worker
d) A and C Queen or Worker, B Drone
e) A Worker, C Queen, B Drone. |
|
Definition
| a) B Queen, C Drone, A Worker |
|
|
Term
Most bees have
a) two pairs of wings
b) an ovipositor modified into a sting
c) four major body parts
d) three major body parts
e) a, b and d are true |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Wax is impermeable to water.
A) True
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Wax is less dense than water
True
False |
|
Definition
True
therefore a simple way of melting and collecting bee's wax is in hot water |
|
|
Term
Processing about 1 tonne of honey yields about 10kg of wax
true
false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Most bees have
a) two pairs of wings
b) an ovipositor modified into a sting
c) four major body parts
d) three major body parts
e) a, b and d are true |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
referring to image 45 (word doc), what does this represent
a) a neurone
b) a synapse
c) an axon
d) a ganglion
e) a baobab tree |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The four wings of the honeybee
a) function as two wings because of the hamuli.
b) function as two wings because of the halteres
c) function as two wings because the hind wings are reduced as in all Diptera.
d) function as four independent wings.
e) function as two wings only in the drones in order to give stability for mounting of the queen. |
|
Definition
| a) function as two wings because of the hamuli |
|
|
Term
image 8 is??
a) ganglia
b) faeces in the intestine
c) fat cells
d) tracheal mites in the trachea
e) none of the above |
|
Definition
| d) tracheal mites in the trachea |
|
|
Term
Wax should not be heated above _____ because oterwise it discolours
A) 60C
B) 25C
C) 85C
D) 100C |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The seminal vesicle is part of the ________ system
a) male reproductive.
b) respiratory
c) female reproductive.
d) nervous
e) excretory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name a behaviour in which the colony benefits but the individual worker honeybee performing that behaviour clearly does not.
a) foraging
b) stinging
c) thermoregulation
d) production of wax
e) swarming |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Match the correct letters and numbers: A) Hemimetabolous B) Holometabolous C) Ametabolous i) have stages called nymphs ii) metamorphosis proceeds from egg, larvae, pupa, adult iii) all instars are similar except for the state of maturation of genitalia and reproductive organs iv) the group to which Apis mellifera belongs - v) have a developmental quiescent stage in the life cycle
a) Ci, Ciii, Aii.
b) Biv, Bi, Cv.
c) Bi, Biii, Cv.
d) Bv, Biii, Civ.
e) Bii, Biv, Ai. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The life span of a worker honeybee
a) is never longer than about 8 weeks.
b) is variable depending on whether or not the honeybee is overwintering.
c) is much longer than that of a drone.
d) is similar in length to that of a queen honeybee.
e) increases with increased ambient temperatures in summer. |
|
Definition
| b) is variable depending on whether or not the honeybee is overwintering |
|
|
Term
image 77 refers to??
a) a - drone; b - worker; c - queen
b) a -worker; b - queen; c - drone
c) a - queen; b - worker; c - drone
d) a - queen; b - drone; c - worker
e) a - drone; b - queen; c - worker |
|
Definition
c) a-queen, b-worker, c-drone |
|
|
Term
The Sterna:
a) are located on the dorsal side of a bee
b) are located on the ventral side of a bee
c) are found in the antennae
d) are sensory organs
e) are cans of fuel used for cooking outdoors |
|
Definition
| b) are located on the ventral side of a bee |
|
|
Term
Johnston's organ is located inside the
a) hind legs.
b) fore legs.
c) abdomen.
d) antenna
e) sting apparatus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The period (duration) of metamorphosis from final stage larvae (cell capping) to emergent adult in the three castes of European honeybees is normally as follows for drone, queen, worker (in that order)
a) 24, 16, 21.
b) 6½, 5½, 6.
c) 12, 7½, 14½.
d) 21, 16, 24.
e) 14½, 7½, 12. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Callow workers have difficulty in stinging because
a) they are diseased.
b) they haven't learned how to sting.
c) they are young and still have soft cuticle (chitin)
d) they are naturally stingless bees.
e) they use their stingers to oviposit |
|
Definition
| c) they are young and still have soft cuticle (chitin) |
|
|
Term
Royal jelly is secreted mostly by -
a) hypopharyngeal glands.
b) Nasonov or Nasanov gland.
c) postcerebral glands.
d) mandibular glands.
e) a) and d) are correct. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
total development time for a queen/worker and drone is?
a. 24/16/21
b. 21/16/24
c. 16/21/24
d. 21/16/21 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
image 345 (from word doc) represents the reproductive system of?
a) a virgin queen
b) a virgin worker bee
c) a mated queen
d) a laying worker bee
e) a virgin drone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How many eyes does a honeybee have and how many kinds of eyes?
a) 3,3.
b) 1003,2.
c) 2,1.
d) 3,2.
e) 5,2. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the spine on the corbicula used for?
a) stinging intruders.
b) feeding.
c) anchoring pollen during its collection.
d) combing pollen off the bee's body.
e) as part of the pollen press. |
|
Definition
| d) combing pollen off the bee's body |
|
|
Term
The main factor that differentiates the development of a queen and a worker honeybee is:
a) length of time spent in the egg stage.
b) quality of the diet within the first 3 days of larval development.
c) quality of the diet after the first 3 days of larval development
d) whether or not the egg is fertilized
e) a. and c. |
|
Definition
| c) quality of the diet after the first 3 days of larval development |
|
|
Term
The sperm in the mature queen is stored in
a) the seminal vesicle
b) the vaginal cavity
c) the spermatheca
d) base of the ovaries
e) both c) and d) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The wing beat frequency for an Apis worker is about -
A)10 cycles/sec
B)100 cycles/sec
C)200 cycles/sec
D)1000 cycles/sec
which is ________________ the frequency of the sound of their buzz?
i)half
ii)exactly
iii)double
a) C, iii.
b) A, i.
c) D, iii.
d) C, i. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Juvenile hormone
a) controls moulting between larval and adult stages in bees
b) influences cell division
c) cell differentiation throughout the insect body
d) a and b are correct
e) a, b and c are correct |
|
Definition
| e) a, b and c are correct |
|
|
Term
In beekeeping, the term "Robbers" refers to:
a) A caste of honeybee
b) Drones that have abandonned the hive
c) Bees from another hive that try to steal food stores
d) Bees from another hive that try to kill the queen
e) Parasitic mites. |
|
Definition
| c) bees from another hive that try to steal food stores |
|
|
Term
Ontogeny is
a) development from egg to larva
b) an organism's entire development from fertilization to completion of the life history
c) pupal to adult bee development
d) cell division
e) none of the above |
|
Definition
| a) development from egg to larva |
|
|
Term
Honeybees belong to the _________ family of insects
a) Apis.
b) Hymenoptera
c) Diptera
d) Apidae
e) Anthophorinae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Debrained ametabolous insects can fail to metamorphose because of _________ , which regulates maturation, is/are a neurosecretion(s) produced in the brain and are absent
a) juvenile hormone.
b) ecdysone
c) prothoracicotropic hormone
d) (the sentence is basically flawed).
e) prothoracicotropic and juvenile hormones. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
image 127 represents?
a) A- lancet; B - poison sac; C - bulb
b) A - poison sac; B - lancet; C - bulb
c) A - poison sac; B - lancet; C - stylet
d) A - lancet; B - poison sac; C - stylet
e) none of the above |
|
Definition
| c) A-poison sac; B-lancet; C-stylet |
|
|
Term
In honeybees' diet where do they get most of their lipids or fats from?
a) nectar
b) pollen
c) enzymes
d) honey dew from aphids
e) petal tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is a hormone?
a) a chemical produced and circulated within animals bodies.
b) a chemical that serves to regulate and co-ordinate only growth and maturation
c) a chemical that serves to regulate and co-ordinate metabolism, growth, maturation, reproduction, and many bodily functions.
d) a. and b.
e) a. and c. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The name of the structures of honeybees (and all insects) which have a function similar to that of lungs is
a) Malpighian tubules.
b) hemolymph
c) thoracic ganglion.
d) trachea
e) proventriculus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Muscles that power flight
a) are notum and pleuro-sternum.
b) do not attach to bases of the wing.
c) do not attach to the thorax.
d) attach to the bases of the wings.
e) attached to the bases of wings and internal wall of thorax. |
|
Definition
| b) do not attach to bases of the wing |
|
|
Term
image 623 represents the reproductive system of?
a) a virgin queen
b) a normal worker
c) a mated queen
d) a laying worker bee
e) a virgin drone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Guard bees
a) determine nestmates by odour
b) become guards before becoming foragers
c) are drones.
d) only a. and c.
e) only a. and b. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The haemolymph:
a) carries oxygen
b) pumps rich, clean blood to the brain
c) transports water soluble carbon dioxide
d) bathes the nerve cords
e) all of the above
f) b) c) d) are all correct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The eggs from which drones develop are _____ the eggs from which workers develop
a) larger than.
b) smaller than.
c) the same size as.
d) differently shaped from.
e) differently coloured from. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Comb is used by honey bees for
a) rearing brood.
b) depositing eggs into.
c) storing nectar.
d) storing pollen.
e) all of the above. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The queen honeybee (Apis mellifera)
a) can lay over 1,000 eggs/day.
b) has reduced mandibles
c) has reduced abdomen
d) both a. and b.
e) none of the above. |
|
Definition
| a) can lay over 1000 eggs/day |
|
|
Term
What is a pheromone?
a) interspecific semiochemical which benefits both emitter and receiver.
b) intraspecific semiochemical involved in behavioural/physiological interactions
c) a semiochemical produced only by queens
d) a chemical signal produced by open blossoms to attract pollinators.
e) a. and d |
|
Definition
| b) intraspecific semiochemical involved in behavioural/physiological interactions |
|
|
Term
The worker bees works at the following jobs in the order from first to last
a) guards, nurses, cleans, stores, forages
b) cleans, nurses, forages, stores, and guards
c) cleans, nurses, stores, guards and forages
d) nurses, cleans, stores, guards and forages
e) cleans, stores, nurses, guards and forages |
|
Definition
| d) nurses, cleans, stores, guards and forages |
|
|
Term
The development time from egg to adult of a worker bee at 35°C is
a) 21 days.
b) 16 days.
c) less than 16 days.
d) greater than 16 and less than 21.
e) 224 days. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A synapse is
a) region of functional connection between two neurons
b) a mass of nervous tissue
c) a mass of nervous tissue, with nerves making interconnections between sensory and motor nerves by way of associative neurons.
d) a bundle of nervous tissue, mostly axons making a long or short string
e) none of the above |
|
Definition
| a) region of functional connection between two neurons |
|
|
Term
Average life span for the following castes of the Western honeybee are:
a) worker bee = 1 year; drone bee = 2 months; queen bee = 50 days
b) worker bee = 49 days; drone bee = 29 days; queen bee = 2 - 4 years
c) worker bee = 46 days; drone bee = 49 days; queen bee = 2 - 4 years
d) worker bee = 1 year; drone bee = 29 days; queen bee = 6 months
e) worker bee = 1 year; drone bee =49 days ; queen bee = 1 year |
|
Definition
| c) worker bee = 46 days; drone bee = 49 days; queen bee = 2 - 4 years |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is NOT TRUE for honeybees?
a) the pollen rake is on the middle leg.
b) the corbicula is on the hind leg.
c) the Nasanov gland is on the abdomen.
d) the antenna cleaner is on the foreleg.
e) the internal organs in the abdomen are surrounded by hemolymph. |
|
Definition
| a) the pollen rake is on the middle leg |
|
|
Term
The Nasanov gland is located __________ ; and its secretions function in __________
a) in association with the mouthparts; colony recognition.
b) on the abdomen; wax removal and comb building
c) in the thorax; colony and nestmate recognition.
d) on the abdomen; colony and nestmate recognition.
e) in the abdomen; intruder marking while stinging. |
|
Definition
| d) on the abdomen; colony and nestmate recognition |
|
|
Term
The small muscles which adjust the wings in bee flight are
a) the longitidunal direct flight muscles.
b) a combination of the dorso-ventral and longitudinal indirect flight muscles
c) the indirect flight muscles.
d) the muscles attached to the wing bases.
e) small in comparison to the direct flight muscles. |
|
Definition
| d) the muscles attached to the wing bases |
|
|
Term
The worker honeybees usually involved in tending the brood nest are
a) of no specific age category as this is general work
b) have just emerged and cannot fly so they cannot carry out foraging duties.
c) are very young bees with well developed hypopharyngeal glands.
d) older bees whose wings are too tattered to fly and forage well.
e) are mid-aged bees who receive nectar and pollen from foragers and bring them directly to the larva in the brood nest. |
|
Definition
| c) are very young bees with well developed hypopharyngeal glands |
|
|
Term
Bursicon hormone
a) controls feeding demand of the queen
b) directly influences mating in the queen
c) is involved in the hardening of insect cuticle
d) a and b are correct
e) b and c are correct |
|
Definition
| c) is involved in the hardening of insect cuticle |
|
|
Term
The nervous system of the honeybee consists of a brain and
a) a single dorsal nerve trunk without ganglia.
b) a double ventral nerve trunk with more or less segmentally-arranged ganglia.
c) a diffuse network of nerves extending posteriorly
d) two dorsal nerve trunks with more or less segmentally-arranged ganglia.
e) transmitter chemicals which diffuse through the haemolymph. |
|
Definition
| d) two dorsal nerve trunks with more or less segmentally-arranged ganglia |
|
|
Term
Honeybees belong to the order _______ and super family __________
a) Apis, Mellifera.
b) Hymenoptera, Apoidea.
c) Apoidae, Hymenoptera.
d) Anthophrinae, Mellifera.
e) Coleoptera, Apoidea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The body hairs of bees are characteristically
a) smooth and straight and trap pollen.
b) barbed and sharp and hold pollen loads.
c) soft and cuddly.
d) unbranched and shed pollen
e) branched and trap pollen |
|
Definition
| E) branched and trap pollen |
|
|
Term
Which sequence has the events which occur during moulting in the proper order? -
a) apolysis, hardening and darkening, ecdysis, epicuticle formation.
b) apolysis, intermoult, endocuticle deposition, hardening and darkening.
c) apolysis, epiculticle formation, new procuticle deposition, ecdysis.
d) autolysis, quiescence, pupation.
e) ecdysis, apolysis, autolysis, epicuticle formation. |
|
Definition
| c) apolysis, epiculticle formation, new procuticle deposition, ecdysis |
|
|
Term
Antennal lobes
a) are the joints on the antenna.
b) give rise to antennal nerve
c) are the last segment of each antennae.
d) are small areas on the head which give rise to antennal flagella.
e) are the segments of antennae. |
|
Definition
| b) give rise to antennal nerve |
|
|
Term
Juvenile hormone
a) controls moulting between larval and adult stages in bees
b) influences cell division
c) cell differentiation throughout the insect body
d) a and b are correct
e) a, b and c are correct |
|
Definition
| e) a, b and c are correct |
|
|
Term
Breathing in bees is accomplished by
a) A central organ like lung.
b) Spiracular air movements
c) Mouth and blood circulation.
d) A single air sac in the thoracic area.
e) Haemolymph circulation. |
|
Definition
| b) spiracular air movements |
|
|
Term
Ecdysone is _____________ secreted by the __________ and involved in regulating _____________ -
a) a neurosecretion, corpus alatum, molting.
b) a hormone, corpus alatum, molting.
c) a pheromone, prothoracic gland, maturation to adulthood.
d) a hormone, corpus cardiacum, maturation to adulthood.
e) a hormone, prothoracic gland, molting. |
|
Definition
| e) a hormone, a prothoracic gland, molting |
|
|
Term
The main muscles which power the wings in bee flight are
a) the dorso-ventral direct flight muscles.
b) a combination of the dorso-ventral and longitudinal direct flight muscles.
c) the indirect flight muscles
d) the muscles attached to the wing bases
e) small in comparison to the direct flight muscles. |
|
Definition
| c) the indirect flight muscles |
|
|
Term
Queens
a) mate only once with a single drone
b) may take several mating flights but repeatedly mate with the same drone
c) take a mating flight at least once a week and mate with several drones.
d) may not mate at all as they have a store of sperm with which they can fertilize their eggs at will.
e) take several mating flights and mate with several drones over a short period of time. |
|
Definition
| e) take several mating flights and mate with several drones over a short period of time |
|
|
Term
The antenna cleaner is found in which part of a honeybee
a) hind legs.
b) fore legs.
c) middle legs
d) mouth parts.
e) abdomen. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following terms refer to insect eyes?:
a) compound, scapus, ommatidia
b) labrum, lacina, clypeus
c) ommatidia, compound, ocelli
d) ocelli, galea, compound
e) c) and d) |
|
Definition
| c) ommatidia, compound, ocelli |
|
|
Term
image 689 represents the reproductive system of?
a) a virgin queen
b) a normal worker
c) a mated queen
d) a laying worker
e) a virgin drone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Age-related tasks of worker honeybees usually take place in the following order from first to last
a) queen tending, comb building, cell capping, foraging
b) foraging, comb building, brood tending, cell cleaning.
c) food handling, queen tending, defense, foraging.
d) cell cleaning, brood tending, comb building, foraging.
e) brood tending, cell cleaning, food handling, foraging. |
|
Definition
| d) cell cleaning, brood tending, comb building, foraging |
|
|
Term
Molting hormone (Ecdysone) is secreted by -
a) The same glands which secretes Juvenile hormone.
b) A single abdominal gland.
c) Neurons in paired brain extensions.
d) Prothoracic gland.
e) Postcerebral glands. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
in image 90, what is presented?
a) circulatory system, dorsal aorta.
b) digestive system, dorsal intestine.
c) excretory system, Malpighian tubules.
d) digestive system, nutrient flow in haemolymph
e) nervous system, abdominal ganglia. |
|
Definition
| a) circulatory system, dorsal aorta |
|
|
Term
Guard duty of an adult worker consists of:
a) tending to the queen
b) deterring robbing and drifting by other bees
c) ventilating the hive
d) laying eggs
e) b) and c) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Excretion in bees is mostly carried out by
a) ostia valves.
b) central body.
c) Malpighian tubes.
d) ganglion.
e) a and d. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The wing beat frequency for an Apis worker is about -
A)10 cycles/sec
B)100 cycles/sec
C)200 cycles/sec
D)1000 cycles/sec
which is ________________ the frequency of the sound of their buzz?
i)half
ii)exactly
iii)double
a) C, iii.
b) A, i.
c) D, iii.
d) C, i.
e) B, ii. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Corpora alata -
a) secretes juvenile hormones.
b) regulated defecation.
c) through which the enzymes diffuse.
d) regulates digestion.
e) regulates circulation. |
|
Definition
| a) secretes juvenile hormones |
|
|
Term
The pollen basket is
a) The modified tibia of hind leg.
b) The modified foreleg
c) The modified middle leg
d) The crop which stores the pollen.
e) The cells in which the pollen is stored in the hive. |
|
Definition
| a) the modified tibia of hind leg |
|
|
Term
What is a hormone?
a) an exocrine secretion that influences behaviour.
b) a plant exudate.
c) an endocrine secretion that influences growth, development, and activity.
d) a chemical used for recognition of hive-mates.
e) c. and d. |
|
Definition
| c) an endocrine secretion that influences growth, development and activity |
|
|
Term
Individual pollen grains are the female gametophytes (haploid stage N) of the flowering plant.
True
False |
|
Definition
False
They are the male gametophytes |
|
|
Term
| pollen grains are produced in the _________ of flowers |
|
Definition
anthers
- the pollens role is to transfer to the stigma of another or the same flower |
|
|
Term
| germinating pollen grains produce a pollen tube that grows through the stigma, into the style and eventually into the __________ of the plant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _________ is becomes a nutrient-storing tissue and when the seed germinates it feeds the growing embryo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the pollen on a plant is too dry, bees moisten it with sugar from ________ or __________ to pack it into _________________ on their hind legs |
|
Definition
| honey, nectar, pollen baskets |
|
|
Term
Pollen is collected from honeybee colonies by the use of _____________
A) pollen traps
B) pollen collectors
C) pollen gatherer |
|
Definition
| A) pollen traps - they are placed in the bottom board and under the rest of the hive, or in the entrance to the hive. It is placed there so that when a foraging bee returns they have to crawl over the screen, they can fit but not with their pollen basket load, so the pollen load is knocked off |
|
|
Term
The OAC pollen trap (first one) has a tray of fine mesh beneath the two pollen trapping screens
True
False |
|
Definition
| True - the mesh allows for ventilation and drying of the trapped pollen loads (pollen pellets) |
|
|
Term
Using the pollen traps ___________ the number of bees collecting pollen and ___________ nectar collection
A) increases, increases
B) decreases, decreases
C) increases, decreases
D) decreases, increases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Dried pollen is used for:
A) human consumption
B) medicinal properties
C) aid in the reduction of pollen allergies
D) all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Royal jelly is primarily secreted by the
A) hypopharyngeal gland
B) Dufour's gland
C) wax gland
D) mandibular gland |
|
Definition
A) hypopharyngeal gland
and a small amount by the mandibular gland |
|
|
Term
Royal Jelly is a rich food that is/has
A) highly proteinaceous
B) lipids
C) sugars
D) vitamins
E) sterols
F) minerals
G) all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How can a beekeeper instigate the production of royal jelly?
A) kill the queen
B) manage the colony as if they were raising queens
C) harvest all of the honey
D) all of the above |
|
Definition
B) manage the colony as if they were raising queens
- beekeepers producing royal jelly use artificially made queen cups placed along bars on specially made frames |
|
|
Term
After royal jelly is collected it must be filtered and because it spoils is must be
A) refrigerated (0-5C)
B) frozen (below -17C)
C) freeze-dried under vacuum (lyophilized)
D) any of the above |
|
Definition
D) any of the above
- freeze-dried royal jelly powder can be stored for years |
|
|
Term
| Propolis is bees' __________ and _______________ material |
|
Definition
glue and waterproofing
- bees use it to close off the entrance to the hive (it provides protection against bad weather, cold and invasion by enemies |
|
|
Term
Propolis remains sticky and pliable from 25-45C but when it is cold, it becomes brittle. Upon re-warming it
A) does not resume its soft texture
B) separates into different components
C) returns to original consistancy |
|
Definition
A) does not resume its soft texture
- at higher temperatures it becomes increasingly sticky and at temps above 60C it melts |
|
|
Term
Propolis has
A) bactericidal and basteriostatic activity
B) been found to inhibit the growth of various fungi
C) antiviral effects
D) been utilized in cancer therapy
E) all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Propolis can be removed during honey harvest, but can be more purposefully collected from hives through a board or sheet (Trap) that
A) is fully of honey
B) is located just outside the hive
C) has narrow slots or holes
D) All of the above |
|
Definition
C) has narrow slots or holes
- bees are encouraged to fill the crevices using propolis
it can be then removes by scouring it from the trap with a special comb-like device or if the propolis trap is a flexible board with slot holes, it can be frozen and the brittle propolis removed by flexing, impact or forced air (similar to how we get ice out of tray) |
|
|
Term
Honey bees produce venom in the venom gland and it is stored in the poison sac at the base of their sting
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Venom secretion reaches the max when the adult workers are about 12 days old and ceases when they are about 20 days old.
True
False |
|
Definition
True
- it takes a lot of poison to reach lethal dose
- each person has a 50% chance of surviving if stung by 600 bees |
|
|
Term
The severe reaction to bee stings (including swelling of the body, especially around the mouth, neck and throat, and then suffocation and heart failure) is known as
A) arachnophobia
B) Apiphobia
C) anaphylaxis
D) apiphylaxis |
|
Definition
C) anaphylaxis
- beekeepers should carry Epipen that injects a dose of adrenalin because hyper-allergenicity can arise unexpectedly |
|
|
Term
Whose venom is more toxic?
A) honeybee
B) wasp |
|
Definition
A) honeybee
- venom is a complex mixture of chemicals but mostly (88%) water
- the chemicals interact negatively with the integrity of the cells of the victim
|
|
|
Term
In order to collect venom from bees they are electrically shocked.
True
False |
|
Definition
True - an apparatus consisting of wires is placed in the hive. then bees walk over the membrane they are electrically shocked (max 33 V) which makes them sting through the membrane. A glass plate beneath the membrane collects the venom
- this obviously agitates the colony and should be used infrequently and for a shot duration |
|
|
Term
Bee sting apitherapy can be used to
A) provide relief of forms of arthritis
B) provide relief multiple sclerosis
C) alleviate many human ailments many of which have to do with inflammation of the joints and other tissues
D) all of the above |
|
Definition
D) all of the above
- it is also used in treating hyper-allergenicity -> the simplest way to receive sting apitherapy is to arrange to be stung |
|
|
Term
When breeding queens, the queen is limited to ________ frames each day within the confinement super.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4 |
|
Definition
A) 1 - this is to ensure that all brood are the same age
- after 12 hours the larvae are ready for removal |
|
|
Term
A ____________ box is prepared for receiving the larvae chosen to become queens
A) queen
B) new colony
C) starter
D) brood |
|
Definition
C) starter - the starter box is supplied with frames of honey and pollen and then with a large number of young nurse bees.
- once the nurse bees recognize they are queenless they becomes disposed to rear queens |
|
|
Term
The process of removing the tiny larvae from the breeder hive frame is called:
A) removal
B) grafting
C) gathering
E) bazinga |
|
Definition
| B) grafting - the larvae are removed on the end of a fine, hooked probe, called the grafting tool, and placed into queen cups which are primed with royal jelly and thinned with water. these cups are then placed into the starter boxes where excluders are placed and young bees (with more active hypopharengeal glands) are able to feed the large number of of fast growing larvae. after 10 days each queen is removed and individually played in a nucleus hive (also called a mating nucleus hive or mating hive) = new adult queen emerges |
|
|
Term
What is the sequence of events in the production of queens?
A) breeder colony -> grafting -> starter box -> finishing colony -> mating nuclei -> sale
B) breeder colony -> starter box -> grafting mating nuclei -> finishing colony -> sale
C) grafting -> breeder colony -> mating nuclei -> starter box -> finishing colony -> sale |
|
Definition
| A) breeder colony -> grafting -> starter box -> finishing colony -> mating nuclei -> sale |
|
|
Term
Packages of bees (workers and a queen) are placed in a ____________ into a package box and a feeder can of syrup forms a _____ and provides food during shipment.
A) Queen cage, cube
B) Queen cage, plug
C) Benton cage, cube
D) Benton cage, plug |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Bee brood can be sold as a commodity and can be eaten raw, fried or boiled, in some places brood comb (with brood in place) can also be eaten.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ is the transfer of pollen from the anthers to the stigma of a flower. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_____________ is the step beyond pollination. _______ often produced copiously by the _______ of flowers, comprises individual grains.
A) reproduction, pollen, stigma
B) reproduction, sperm cells, stigma
C) fertilization, pollen, stigma
D) fertilization, sperm cells, stigma |
|
Definition
C) fertilization, pollen, stigma
- each grain is in fact a microscopic planet which, as it germinates and grows produces sperm cells
- the females parts of a plant comprise the stigma (special receptive surface for pollen |
|
|
Term
| Below the stigma in plants is the ________ and then the _____ where the plants cells await fertilization |
|
Definition
Style, ovary
- the pollen grains herminate on the receptive stigma and produce pollen tubes that grow through the stigma and down the neck-like style which ends at the ovary, enclosing the ovules.
|
|
|
Term
Nectar is produces by nectaries.
True
False |
|
Definition
True
- mostly located at the bases of flowers |
|
|
Term
All bees rely on flowers from pollen to feed their brood and on nectar for their own energy.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which bee is the most important domesticated bee pollinator?
A) Apis mellifera
B) Megachile rotundata
C) Apis cerana
D) apis dorsata |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Trees that provide a source of pollen compatible for the crop are called pollinizers.
true
false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Devices that attach to honey bee hives in such a way that foragers must become dusted with pollen as they leave the hive are called:
A) pollen dusters
B) pollen contractors
C) pollen inserts
D) bazinga |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Timing of pollination is crucial. Fruit trees bloom at the end of spring, but the weather then is often cold, wet and unfavorable for insect activity and pollination. Therefore beekeepers need to time their activity carefully.
True
False |
|
Definition
True
Example - the flowers of pears are not attractive to honeybees, therefore in order to get them to pollinate pears a beekeeper will move a colony near a pear flower. Once moved bees will stay close to the colony for the first few days and will therefore pollinate the pear flowers. |
|
|
Term
Where should colonies be placed?
A) in sunny locations
B) protected from cool winds
C) where the morning sun would warm them colony
D) all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A general rule -> adequate pollination is provided by two to three healthy hives of bees per hectare of producing fruit trees
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Recommendations for the numbers of colonies needed fro pollination of small berries range from 20-40 hives/hectare
true
false |
|
Definition
false - 2 to 10 hives/hectare
- th ehives should be placed in the fields where the plants to be pollinated are growing (duh...) |
|
|
Term
Strawberries flowers produce little nectar and their pollen is inaccessible to honey bees
True
False |
|
Definition
False - cranberries
(false - black bear... hahaha) |
|
|
Term
Most forage legumes require insect pollination. they produce nectar that is sought after by honeybees and is known to make excellent honey. Sometimes honeybees are nectar thieves, removing nectar without affecting pollination.
True
False |
|
Definition
True
- for adequate pollination of the vast number of flowers of forage legumes large populations of bees are needed
- three to seven colonies per hectare |
|
|
Term
Canola produces copious amounts of nectar which is eagerly sought after by honeybees and the honey produced is of excellent quality
True
False |
|
Definition
False
- honey from canola readily crystallizes and it often difficult to extract from the combs |
|
|
Term
pollination requirements of vegetable crops are diverse
true
false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the number of supers or boxes affects the colony's effectiveness in pollinating
True
False |
|
Definition
| False - does not affect the colony's effectiveness as long as there is room in the hive for the colony to expand and to prevent swarming |
|
|
Term
the best time to move colonies is
A) mid-day when its hottest
B) at night
C) very early morning
D) during very rainy weather
E) b,c and d |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Megachile rotundata is
A) alfalfa leafcutter
B) Alkali bees
C) bumblebees
D) Orchard bees
E) stingless bees |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Apis Meliponini is
A) alfalfa leafcutter
B) Alkali bees
C) bumblebees
D) Orchard bees
E) stingless bees |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Megachilidae Osmia
A) alfalfa leafcutter
B) Alkali bees
C) bumblebees
D) Orchard bees
E) stingless bees |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Bombus is
A) alfalfa leafcutter
B) Alkali bees
C) bumblebees
D) Orchard bees
E) stingless bees |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Nomia melanderi is
A) alfalfa leafcutter
B) Alkali bees
C) bumblebees
D) Orchard bees
E) stingless bees |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Alfalfa leafcutter females have their pollen basket or scopa underneath their abdomens not on their legs
true
false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which type of bee creates nests in small holes in the ground or available cracks/crevices in trees/blocks
A) alfalfa leafcutter
B) Alkali bees
C) bumblebees
D) Orchard bees
E) stingless bees |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Leafcutters get their name due to the fact that they cut leaves using their powerful mandibles
True
False |
|
Definition
True
- they use those cut circles of leaves and sometimes petals to make a cup (cell). Females collect pollen and nectar and store it in the cells with an egg. the egg hatches and the larvae grow a a prodigious (VERY FAST) rate and become pre-pupae. this stage is quiescent (inactive) over winter. They are kept a cool temps to prevent maturation and are warmed the following season when needed
|
|
|
Term
Alkali bees are solitary ground nesting bees that can be found in alkali soil.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Queen life for a bumblebee is similar to that of a honey bee
True
False |
|
Definition
False
a single queen emerges from hibernation she finds a suitable nest site (often abandoned small rodent nests or other places such as old upholstery in mattresses and furniture left outside) -> the queen lays a stock of pollen -> she lays several eggs -> queen forages for more pollen and nectar and provides for her brood -> larvae gain size and then pupate -> pupal stage lasts about 2 weeks -> workers emerge and help to expand the nest, forage and care for brood -> eventually the queen produces new queen and drone bees -> colony cohesiveness begins to deteriorate and new queens and drones emerge -> mating occurs -> drones die and queens hibernate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When an insect inadvertently shakes the pollen out of the small pores on the anthers of flowers |
|
|
Term
the main crops for which bumblebee pollination is successful is
A) greehouse tomato
B) egg plant
C) peppers
D) all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Orchard bees use mud for nesting material to separate the cells. This habitat has given them their other common name as mason bees.
True
False |
|
Definition
True
- they like to nest in tubes
- their life cycle is similar to that of the alfalfa leafcutter bee
- they emerge, mate, find a nesting site and lay eggs. their eggs are separated with mud layer
- once one 'tube' is completed (lays enough eggs) she moves onto the next one, all the eggs will emerge the following season
- life span is only around 4-8 weeks |
|
|
Term
Stingless bees are euosocial insects
true
false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Once a stingless bee egg has been laid they are provided with all the food the larvae need for development, therefore they will not have any contact with the colony until eclosion.
True
False |
|
Definition
True
- this is called ''mass provisioning' |
|
|
Term
Stingless worker bees lay eggs into a cell.
True
False |
|
Definition
True
- the egg is called a trophic egg and it eaten by the queen (presumably a protein meal supplement) |
|
|
Term
Most stingless bees make their cavities in
A) existing cavities
B) a previously used hive
C) they dont make permanent hives |
|
Definition
| A) existing cavities - such as hollow trees or underground |
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