Term
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Definition
| Defined in 1939 by geographer mark jefferson; Country's largest city ranking atop the urban hierarchy; most expressive of national culture and usually but not always the capital city Example: Seoul- south Korea is 1/3 of the country's urban population; over 1/4 the entire population |
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Term
| Central business district |
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Definition
| Area of the city where retail and office activities are clustered; usually one of the oldest districts or origin of settlement; doesn't consist of a lot of land area but contains high % of infrastructure buildings, retail, etc.; attractive because of its accessibility (center is easiest to reach from the rest off the region and is the focal point of transportation network) |
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Term
| Concentric zone model (burgess model) |
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Definition
| Created in 1923 by sociologist e.w. burgess; first to explain the distribution of different social groups within urban areas; this model shows that a city grows outward from a central area in a series of concentric rings; size and width of rings varies from city to city but same type of rings appear in all cities in the same order but today in America the zone of better residence would be larger (more people living in suburbs) |
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Term
| Sector model (Hoyt model) |
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Definition
| Created in 1939 by land economist homer Hoyt; theorized that cities developed in sectors not rings; can shore ethnic variations in the city |
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Term
| Multiple-nuclei model (Harris and ullman man model) |
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Definition
| Created in 1945 by geographers CD Harris and Edward ullman;this model shows the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities~examples of these nodes include port, neighborhood business center, university, airport, park, etc...; tends to apply to newer, faster growing cities; more then one commercial center within the city landscape instead of just focused in the central city |
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Term
| Peripheral model (galactic city model) |
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Definition
| new suburban cbd development often specializing in a certain industry; development of industrial parks on the urban periphery; many newly developed retail shops/malls, Eric. Are along transportation routes like highways/freeways instead of the old downtown cbd |
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Term
| What are the two components that allowed for each cities to develop |
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Definition
| 1.agricultural surplus- agricultural production in excess of that which the producer needs to survive where excess is sold for consumption by others. 2.social stratification- differentiation of society into classes based on wealth, power, production, and prestige |
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Term
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Definition
| Town - clustered settlement with a CBD but is smaller and less functionally complex than a city. city - conglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve as a center of politics, culture, and economics |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase in the pecentage and the number of people living in an urban settlement |
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Term
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Definition
| In the U.S. a central city plus it's contiguous built-up suburbs |
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Term
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Definition
| Area within a city in a less developed state in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and make homeland structures |
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Term
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Definition
| program in which cities identify blighted inner city neighborhoods, acquire the properties from private owners, relocate the residents and businesses, clear site, build new roads and utilities, and turn the land over to private developers |
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Term
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Definition
| Unrestricted growth in many U.S. urban areas of housing, commercial development and roads over large expanses of land with little concern for urban planning |
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Term
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Definition
| Areas of large urban regions that lose significant portions of their population as a result of change in industry or migration to suburbs; area loses its tax base and become a center of poverty |
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Term
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Definition
| Replacing decayed inner city areas usually with new construction of shopping, sporting arenas, cultural structures, etc... Usually to lure young professionals back to the cities along with tourists |
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