Term
| The glial cells make up a majority of brain tissue. What is their function? |
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Definition
| they are the support cells to the neuron. |
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Term
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Definition
| supply nutrients; scar damaged areas |
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Term
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Definition
| produce myelin in the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| Produce Myelin in the PNS |
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Term
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Definition
| Phagocytes - clean up dead tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Fundamental building block of the nervous system that is unique in that it communicates with other tissues and sends information via neurochemicals. |
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Term
| What are the components of the neuron? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the major features/function of the dendrite? |
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Definition
- Receptors of the neuron
- sends information to the cell
- gray in color
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Term
| What are the major features/function of the axon? |
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Definition
- transmitter
- sends information away from the cell body
- white in color
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Term
| 3 facts about gray matter |
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Definition
- composed of cell bodies and dendrites
- mantel of cortex
- islands of gray matter in cortex and spinal cord
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Term
| 4 facts about white matter |
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Definition
- Myelin sheath surrounding axons
- long pathways of white matter (axons)
- originates from gray matter
- synapse with gray matter
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Term
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Definition
| Discharge of neurochemical from (axon) bouton into the synaptic claft stimulating receptor neuron (dendtrite) |
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Term
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Definition
| small space between bouton of axon & receptor cites on dendrites of next neuron. |
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Term
Name 3 types of information passed between synapses
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Definition
| excitatory, inhibitory, and regulatory |
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Term
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Definition
- Neurotransmitter
- causes increased activity to another neuron or tissue stimulated
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Term
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Definition
- Neuroninhibitor
- causes reduced activity to another neuron
- muscle relaxation or hesitancy or contraction
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Term
| anatomical division of the CNS |
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Definition
- Cerebrum
- cerebellum
- subcortical structures
- thalamus
- subthalamus
- basal ganglia
- Brainstem
- spinal cord
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Term
| anatomical divisions of the PNS |
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Definition
- Spinal nerves
- Cranial Nerves
- sensors
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Term
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Definition
- Largest and most developed and organized structure in the body
- Mediates all conscious sensory awareness & conscious motor function
- Perception, awareness, attention, motorplanning & preparation, cognitive function, decision-making, voluntary motor inhibition, language & speech function.
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Term
| name the three layers of meninges in the CNS. |
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Definition
- Dura Mater
- Arachnoid Mater
- Pia Mater
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Term
| Name the four lobes of the cerebrum. |
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Definition
- Frontal
- parietal
- temporal
- occipital
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Term
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Definition
- Precentral motor
- postcentral sensory
- Heschl's
- supramarginal
- angular
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Term
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Definition
| large cavities in the brain |
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Term
| What is the function of the ventricles? |
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Definition
| to house the choroid plexus. |
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Term
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Definition
- functions to float the brain reducing weight on lower structures. It also functions as the pathway for distributing chemical messengers.
- It is clear, colorless liquid; similar to plasma
- High in sodium, magnesium, and chloride; low in potassium, calcium, glucose, and proteins.
- Adults = 120ml volume; 450 to 500 ml/day.
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Term
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Definition
- Circulates through subarachnoid space
- reaches superiour sagittal sinus(venous cavity in top of the head)
- Rich supply of veins
- Arachnoid villi extended into sinus
- CSF reabsorbed into venous blood system
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Term
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Definition
An aggregate of neuron cell bodies within the central nervous system
- Cerebrum, brainstem, & spinal cord
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Term
| Name the major nuclei of the cerebrum. |
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Definition
- Basal ganglia -- hippocampus
- thalamus
- hypothalamus -- epithalimus
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Term
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Definition
| Group of nuclei that control background movement & movement initiation patterns |
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Term
| Name the parts of the basal ganglia. |
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Definition
- caudate nucleus
- putamen
- globus pallidus
- others
- subthalamic nucleus
- sustantia nigra
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Term
| Name the major pathways of importance of the cerebrum. |
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Definition
- corpus callosum
- corticobulbar tract
- corticospinal tract
- internal capsule
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Term
| name the two main arterial systems |
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Definition
- carotids (front)
- vertebral/basal (rear)
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Term
| The carotids and vertebral/basilar arteries carry blood to this. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- a circular series of arteries at the base of the brain.
- a "safety valve" to insure blood acess to arteries serving cortex.
- feeds blood to
- L & R Anterior Cerebral arteries
- L & R Middle Cerebral arteries
- L & R Posterior Cerebral arteries
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Term
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Definition
| supplies blood to the frontal lobe |
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Term
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Definition
| Supplies blood to all lobes to some degree; primarily posterior frontal, parietal, anterior occipital, middle & superior temporal & insular lobe |
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Term
| Posterior cerebral artery |
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Definition
| Primarily occipital lobes, parts of parietal & temporal lobes |
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