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APH313 Exam 3
Western Architecture
193
Architecture
Undergraduate 1
12/04/2013

Additional Architecture Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
villa
Definition
a country house used as a getaway for urban elites and usually the seat of a working farm
Term
palazzo
Definition
the late medieval/Renaissance residence of a wealthy Italian family, built as a large block with an interior courtyard and sometimes an enclosed garden
Term
hotel (also hotel particulier)
Definition
a French townhouse or apartment
Term
chateau
Definition
a large French country house or castle often giving its name to wine made in its neighborhood
Term
barchessa
Definition
barn or stable
Term
piano nobile
Definition
the main floor of an Italian palace, usually one story above the ground floor
Term
piazza
Definition
an Italian public square
Term
campanile
Definition
a bell tower, usually free standing
Term
doge
Definition
elected chief of state lordship, the ruler of the Republic in many of the Italian city states during the medieval and renaissance periods
Term
trompe l'oiel
Definition
forced perspective, used to create the appearance of a larger space.
Term
ambulatory
Definition
a processional passageway around a shrine or flanking the apse of a Christian church
Term
choir
Definition
the part of a church where the choir sits, either incorporated with the chancel or directly in front of it
Term
parterre
Definition
a level space in a garden or yard occupied by an ornamental arrangement of flower beds. the part of the ground floor of an auditorium in the rear and on the sides, esp. the part beneath the balcony
Term
pilaster
Definition
a shallow, flattened, rectangular column or pier attached to a wall and often modeled on an order
Term
casa
Definition
house, dwelling
Term
casino
Definition
Italian country home; social gathering place
Term
sala/salon/saloon
Definition
a large or important room or hall
Term
baptistry
Definition
a central-plan structure, usually octagonal, for Christian baptism rites
Term
state rooms
Definition
rooms set aside for visits from the King and Queen, but sometimes for other dignitaries
Term
enfilade
Definition
French word roughly meaning “in a row”. Remember Zygas illustrating that you could fire a rifle from one end of the castle to the other. Allows light propagation too
Term
reliquary
Definition
a container for relics, generally for those of a religious nature
Term
baldachin
Definition
an ornamental canopy over a tomb, altar, or throne
Term
lantern
Definition
a small, fenestrated tower on top of a roof or dome, admitting light to the space below
Term
ha-ha
Definition
a ditch with a wall on its inner side below ground level, forming a boundary to a park or garden without interrupting the view
Term
transept
Definition
the transverse arms of a cross-shaped church, crossing the main axis at a right angle
Term
lancet window
Definition
a tall, narrow window capped with a pointed arch
Term
rose window
Definition
more properly known as the "wheel" window, a circular window above the entry to a Gothic cathedral
Term
ratio
Definition
the relationship that exists between two things measured; often in architecture, this refers to the length of something compared to its width or height
Term
vestibule
Definition
an anteroom to a larger hall
Term
pointed arch
Definition
an arch with a pointed apex, characteristic of Gothic architecture; also a lancet arch
Term
flying buttress
Definition
an arch or half-arch that transfers the thrust of a vault or roof from an upper part of a wall to an external pylon
Term
ogee arch
Definition
a pointed arch having an s-shaped curve on both sides
Term
proportion
Definition
the relationship between architectural elements and the whole
Term
chapter house
Definition
a place of assembly for the business meetings of a monastery
Term
loggia
Definition
a roofed porch or gallery with an open arcade or colonnade
Term
colonnade
Definition
a row of columns supporting a beam or entablature
Term
arcade
Definition
a series of arches on columns or piers, either free-standing or attached to a wall
Term
fresco
Definition
a wall painting made on wet plaster with water-based colors
Term
nymphaeum
Definition
a Roman building or room containing a fountain, adorned with plants and sculpture, and serving as a place of rest
Term
Veneto
Definition
region of northeast Italy, bordering Austria, of which Venice is a part
Term
Tuscany
Definition
region of Italy north of Rome, with its capital in Florence
Term
Italian garden
Definition
These gardens are the land surrounding villas not used for farming. Pleasure gardens, frequently on sloping sites and always an architectural water feature.
Term
French garden
Definition
These formal gardens are built on flat land and are much less ornate than Italian gardens. Water features are one jet, the wind will push the water around. Very Geometric.
Villandry and Versailles!
Term
English (picturesque) garden
Definition
Informal and picturesque, made to look as if the garden was always there yet it is carefully planned. Meandering paths and false ruins (follys). Central Park follows this design.
Term
Reformation
Definition
A 16th-century movement in Western Europe that aimed at reforming some doctrines and practices of the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the establishment of the Protestant churches. Protestant reformers pointed to the excesses of Roman Catholic cathedrals.
Term
Counter Reformation
Definition
(Also known as the Catholic Revival) was the period of Catholic revival beginning with the Council of Trent (1545–1563)
Term
Industrial Revolution
Definition
Generally considered the move away from an agricultural society; architecturally, this led to larger, more functionally-oriented buildings, with manufacturing box buildings becoming a prevalent building type
Term
Adam style
Definition
18th century neoclassical sytle developed by Scottish brothers; it focused on creating an integrated style for the architecture and the interior design.
Term
Flamboyant gothic
Definition
late Gothic architecture in 15th-century France and Spain. It evolved out of the Rayonnant style’s increasing emphasis on decoration
Term
Architecture parlante
Definition
Talking Architecture; is designed to show who occupies the building; Charles Ledoux examples: Rural Guards House, Water Works, Royal Salt Works, Toll Houses
Term
Tau cross
Definition
in building design, usually churches and cathedrals, in the shape of the capital letter T
Term
St. Andrews cross
Definition
in building design, usually churches and cathedrals, in the shape of the letter x
Term
Greek cross
Definition
in building design, usually churches and cathedrals, two equal length lines intersecting at right angles, so that all four arms of the cross are also of equal length
Term
Latin cross
Definition
in building design, usually churches and cathedrals, two lines not of equal length, intersecting at right angles, forming a lower case t
Term
Abbot Suger
Definition
(c. 1081 – 1151) was a historian and the influential first patron of Gothic architecture with the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis
Term
Henry VIII
Definition
(c. 1491-1547) King of England famous for excommunication by the pope and formation of the Church of England. Influential in turning England into a Protestant country
Term
Martin Luther
Definition
Leader of the move away from Catholicism that created Protestant churches during the Reformation.
Term
Medici
Definition
Rich benefactor family in Florence during the 14th and 15th century; were responsible for the building of the infamous San Lorenzo basilica and egg-shaped dome
Term
Pope Julius II
Definition
(c. 1443-1513) best known in architecture for commissioning the destruction and rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica and the repainting of the Sistine Chapel.
Term
Pope Sixtus V
Definition
He ordered his architect to treat the rest of the city like an extension of his garden. Fontana placed the Moses Fountain as a triumphal arch at the juncture of his aqueduct and Strada Pia. He raised the obelisk in front of St. Peter’s, one of the great technical feats of the age, and planted three other obelisks as goals at the end of new straight avenues (built to help the pilgrim move about the edges of the city).
Term
Phillips II
Definition
(c. 1527-1598) Known for failed Spanish Armada against Protestant England in the Counter-Reformation. Responsible for then monumental Escorial near Madrid (architect Juan de Herrera, begun by Juan Bautista de Toledo)
Term
Louis XIV
Definition
(c. 1638-1715) Best known as the patron of Versailles. Commissioned Le Notre after seeing Vaux Le Vicomte and arresting the owner, his finance officer. Made diamonds popular.
Term
Lord Burlington
Definition
(c. 1694-1753) Real name is Richard Boyle, influenced by Palladian villas leading to Chiswick House, best example of neo-palladio design. Interior is colorful, not Palladian white, and uses colors popular at the time.
Term
Canterbury Tales
Definition
Geoffrey Chaucer, ca. 1380
Term
Art of Building in Ten Books (De re aedificatoria)
Definition
L.B. Alberti 1452
Term
Lives of the Architects, Painters, and Sculptors
Definition
Giorgio Vasari 1550
Term
I Quattro Libri dell'Architettura English translation: Four books on Architecture
Definition
Andrea Palladio 1570, 1715
Term
Vitruvius Brittanicus, London 5 volumes
Definition
Colen Cambell 1715-1771
Term
Antiquities of Athens
Definition
Stuart and Revett 1762
Term
Ruins of the Palace of the Emperor Diocletian
Definition
Robert Adam 1764
Term
Romanesque Period
Definition
9th - 12th centuries
Term
Gothic Period
Definition
1150 - 1450
Term
Renaissance Period
Definition
1425 - 1600
Term
Mannerist Period
Definition
1550 - 1625
Term
Baroque Period
Definition
1600 - 1725
Term
Rococo Period
Definition
1725 - 1775
Term
Neoclassical revivals
Definition
18th, 19th, 20th centuries
Term
[image]
Definition
1450 San Lorenzo Interior
Term
[image]
Definition
1470 Rucellai Palace detail
Term
[image]
Definition
1450 ca d'oro
Term
[image]
Definition
1450 Florence Duomo 1
Term
[image]
Definition
1450 Florence Duomo 19
Term
[image]
Definition
1450 Florence Duomo 22
Term
[image]
Definition
1450 Pazzi Chapel by Brunelleschi
Term
[image]
Definition
1450 Pazzi Chapel Interior
Term
[image]
Definition
1450 San Lorenzo plan organization
Term
[image]
Definition
1450 Foundling Hosp. by Brunelleschi
Term
[image]
Definition
1450 Foundling Hosp. 4
Term
[image]
Definition
1470 Rucellai Palace
Term
[image]
Definition
1500 San Andrea by Alberti
Term
[image]
Definition
1500 Tempietto by Bramante
Term
[image]
Definition
1500 Tempietto 1 by Bramante
Term
[image]
Definition
1500 King's College Chapel, Cambridge
Term
[image]
Definition
1500 King's College Chapel
Term
[image]
Definition
1510, 1540 Sistine chapel frescos - Michelangelo
Term
[image]
Definition
1525 Medici Chapel - Michelangelo
Term
[image]
Definition
1525 Laurentian Lib. Vestibule
Term
[image]
Definition
1525 Medici Chapel by Michelangelo
Term
[image]
Definition
1525 Medici Chapel
Term
[image]
Definition
1525 Palazzo del Te by Giulio Romano
Term
[image]
Definition
1550 Campidoglio 3
Term
[image]
Definition
1550 Campidoglio by Michelangelo
Term
[image]
Definition
1550 St. Peter's dome model Michelangelo
Term
[image]
Definition
1550 Seven Pilgrimage Churches, Rome
Term
[image]
Definition
1550 Uffizi Gallery
Term
[image]
Definition
1550 Uffizi Gallery by Vasari
Term
[image]
Definition
1550 Villa d'Este Ftns Italian gdn.
Term
[image]
Definition
1550 Villa d'Este Italian garden
Term
[image]
Definition
1550 Villa Rotonda Palladio
Term
[image]
Definition
1550 Villa Rotonda plan
Term
[image]
Definition
1550 Villa Rotonda
Term
[image]
Definition
1550 Villa Barbaro, Palladio
Term
[image]
Definition
1550 Villa Barbaro, Palladio
Term
[image]
Definition
1550 Villa Emo
Term
[image]
Definition
1550 Villa Emo
Term
[image]
Definition
1550 Villa Foscari (Malcontenta)
Term
[image]
Definition
1550 Villa Foscari, sala - by Palladio
Term
[image]
Definition
1575 Escorial 11
Term
[image]
Definition
1625 New St. Peters above Old St. Peters
Term
[image]
Definition
1625 Banqueting House by Inigo Jones
Term
[image]
Definition
1625 Banqueting Hse. interior
Term
[image]
Definition
1625 Queen's Hse. plan
Term
[image]
Definition
1625 Queen's Hse. by Inigo Jones
Term
[image]
Definition
1625 S. Peter's interior extensio by Maderno
Term
[image]
Definition
1625 St. Peter's roofscape
Term
[image]
Definition
1625 St. Peter's Basilica night view
Term
[image]
Definition
1625 St. Paul's, Covent Garden - Inigo Jones
Term
[image]
Definition
1650 Piazza navona
Term
[image]
Definition
1650 S. Carlino - interior
Term
[image]
Definition
1650 S. Carlino - Borromini
Term
[image]
Definition
1650 S. Carlino exterior Borromini
Term
[image]
Definition
1650 S. Carlino
Term
[image]
Definition
1650 Baldachino in St. Peter's by Bernini
Term
[image]
Definition
1650 piazzo vaticano
Term
[image]
Definition
1650 Piazza del Popolo
Term
[image]
Definition
1650 S. Ivo gen. view
Term
[image]
Definition
1650 S. Ivo interior by Borromini
Term
[image]
Definition
1650 S. Ivo interior detail
Term
[image]
Definition
1650 S. Ivo by Borromini
Term
[image]
Definition
1650 S. Ivo section axon
Term
[image]
Definition
1650 San Andrea - Bernini
Term
[image]
Definition
1675 Blenheim 3
Term
[image]
Definition
1675 Blenheim 6
Term
[image]
Definition
1675 Blenheim - English garden
Term
[image]
Definition
1675 St. Paul's interior
Term
[image]
Definition
1675 Greenwich 3
Term
[image]
Definition
1675 Greenwich
Term
[image]
Definition
1675 St. Paul's - Christopher Wren
Term
[image]
Definition
1675 St. Paul's section 2
Term
[image]
Definition
1675 St. Paul's section
Term
[image]
Definition
1675 Castle Howard 5
Term
[image]
Definition
1675 Castle Howard - English garden 3
Term
[image]
Definition
1675 S. Lorenzo by Guarini in Turin, plan
Term
[image]
Definition
1675 S. Lorenzo by Guarini in Turin gen view
Term
[image]
Definition
1675 S. Lorenzo by Guarini, interior
Term
[image]
Definition
1700 Spanish Steps 13
Term
[image]
Definition
1700 Spanish Steps 11
Term
[image]
Definition
1700 piazza s. ignazio 12a
Term
[image]
Definition
1700 Trevi Fountain
Term
[image]
Definition
1700 Chateau de Marly, comp to Univ. VA
Term
[image]
Definition
1725 Louis XIV
Term
[image]
Definition
1725 Vaux le Vicomte 25
Term
[image]
Definition
1725 Vaux le Vicomte
Term
[image]
Definition
1725 Versailles
Term
[image]
Definition
1725 Versailles 3
Term
[image]
Definition
1725 Versailles 12
Term
[image]
Definition
1725 Versailles 22
Term
[image]
Definition
1725 Versailles
Term
[image]
Definition
1725 French garden 11
Term
[image]
Definition
1750 Chiswick 22
Term
[image]
Definition
1750 Chiswick
Term
[image]
Definition
1775 Kenwood by R. Adam
Term
[image]
Definition
1775 Kenwood Library
Term
[image]
Definition
1775 Syon House Plan
Term
[image]
Definition
1775 Syon Hse. Ante-Room
Term
[image]
Definition
1775 Syon Hse
Term
[image]
Definition
1775 Saltworks, Ledoux, archit. parlante
Term
[image]
Definition
1785 National Library, int. Boullee
Term
[image]
Definition
1785 Newton's Cenotaph, ext. Boullee
Term
[image]
Definition
1785 Newton's Cenotaph, int. Boullee
Term
[image]
Definition
1800 L'enfant 1
Term
[image]
Definition
1800 L'enfant 11
Term
[image]
Definition
1800 - Monticello
Term
[image]
Definition
1800 Water works, Ledoux, archit. parlante
Term
[image]
Definition
1800 Rural guards hse, Ledoux, arch. parlante
Term
[image]
Definition
1825 U of VA 4
Term
[image]
Definition
1825 U of VA 5
Term
[image]
Definition
1825 U of VA Jefferson
Term
Tuscan column
Definition
Developed in ancient Italy, this column resembles a Greek Doric column, but it has a smooth shaft. Because of their simplicity, they can be found on many 20th century homes and as additions to the facade of other structures.
Term
Ionic Column
Definition
More slender and more ornate than the earlier Doric style, this column has scroll-shaped ornaments on the capital, or top.
Term
Doric Column
Definition
With a plain capital and a fluted shaft, this is the earliest and most simple of the Classical column styles developed in ancient Greece.
Term
Corinthian Column
Definition
This column is more complex and elaborate than the earlier styles. The capital, or top, of this column has lavish ornaments carved to resemble leaves and flowers.
Term
Composite Column
Definition
In about the first century BC, the Romans combined the Ionic and the Corinthian orders of architecture to create this style.
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