Term
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Definition
Measure of Mass Per Unit of Air, contigent of gravity |
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Term
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Definition
Level of atmosphere where we live, weather takes place here, gets warmer as you go up. |
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Term
78% N2, 21% 02,trace H2O, AR, and CO2 |
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Definition
Composition of Troposphere |
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Term
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Definition
Short Term Atmospheric Conditions |
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Term
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Definition
Combination of Average Temperature and Average Precipitation |
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Term
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Definition
Second Layer of the atmosphere, Contains Ozone which blocks out harmful UV rays. |
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Term
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Definition
Ozone Blocks out 95% of this |
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Term
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Definition
O3, Considered the good kind of Ozone |
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Term
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Definition
Dangerous variety of Ozone, caused by Smog and Pollution |
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Term
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Definition
Cooler Denser Air, Less water vapor, less humidity, clear sunny skies |
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Term
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Definition
Lower Denstiy, More Water Vapor, forms clouds and precipitation, creates stroms and Hurricaines |
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Term
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Definition
Warm air overides cool air, longer duration, causes clouds and rain. [image] |
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Term
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Definition
Cool Air going underneath warm air, moves quickly causes thunder clouds and high winds, very sudden |
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Term
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Definition
the temperature below which the water vapor in air at constant barometric pressure condenses into liquid water at the same rate at which it evaporates. |
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Term
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Definition
When large warm air masses move rapidly over the more dense mass of cold air and rises rapidly to form strong verticle convection currents that suck air upwards. |
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Term
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Definition
when Low Pressure cells form over Warm Tropical Ocean Water. There is rapid evaporation and condesation as winds begin to swirl due to the low prressure, when it cools it starts to violently rain. |
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Term
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Definition
Caused by cold front, a rapidly moving towering cloud |
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Term
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Definition
Hurricane Force Winds that circle the Earth and have a Strong Infulence of Weather Patterns |
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Term
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Definition
When a warm front or a cold front stops moving |
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Term
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Definition
When Wind blows warm water away from a coast and pushes cold nutrient rich water to the top. |
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Term
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Definition
Changing of Wind directions, consits of El Niño and La Niña. |
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Term
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Definition
When winds in Southern American Pacific Coastal Waters change from goin East to West to going to West to East. Causes warmer waters but fewer upwellings. |
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Term
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Definition
Causes water in Southern American Coastal Waters to change from blowing West to East to blowing East to West. Causes more upwellings and cooler water. |
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Term
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Definition
Different areas that experience different climates. |
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Term
Factors that affect global air circulation |
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Definition
Uneven Heating of the Earth's Surface, Tilt of the Earth's Axis, Seasonal Changes, and Air speed of Wind in over Equator vs. over the Poles. |
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Term
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Definition
When the Earth's Atomosphere traps some Gasses instead of ejecting all of it out into space. |
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Term
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Definition
Unatural Increase of Greenhouse Gasses caused by Human Activity. Burning Fossile Fuels, effects of Agriculture, and Deforestation. |
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Term
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Definition
Wind Patterns that typically only blow in one direction. |
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Term
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Definition
Prevailing Winds pick up moisture from the ocean and releases the moisture on the windward side of a mountain, while on the leeward side of the mountain dry air decends and releases very little moisture. This creates micro climates. |
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Term
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Definition
Rain Shadow Effect causes this side to be moist |
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Term
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Definition
Rain Shadow Effect causes this side to have dry climates |
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Term
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Definition
Study of the Earth's internal and external processes |
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Term
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Definition
Those who study the Earth |
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Term
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Definition
The concept that Earth is every changing |
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Term
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Definition
Hot solid layer of the Earth, surronded by a molten outer layer. |
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Term
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Definition
Solid layer of the Earth, surrounds the core, thickest layer of the Earth |
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Term
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Definition
Very thin outermost layer of the Earth, oceanic and continental |
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Term
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Definition
Located just under the lithosphere this layer is located in the upper mantle, it is generally solid but parts of it could be melted. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Crust located on ocean floor |
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Term
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Definition
Moves large volumes of heat and rock like a conveyer belt in large loops. Soft hot rock is pushed upwards, and hard rock is pushed downward as it cools |
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Term
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Definition
Mantle Rock flows up slowly like smoke in a chimney and then spreads out in a radical pattern in all directions like an umbrella |
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Term
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Definition
Contains the crust and the uppermost layer of the mantle, tectonic plates are in this layer. |
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Term
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Definition
There are about 15 of these, they move along the astenosphere and they are slowly moving and interacting with eachother. |
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Term
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Definition
Theory of Alfred Wegner, the crust and the continents of the Earth are not fixed but in constant motion. |
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Term
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Definition
When two plates move away from eachother, results in mid ocean ridges or a rift. |
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Term
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Definition
When two plates come together. A trench will form in the ocean or a mountain if its on land. |
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Term
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Definition
When two plates converge and the denser one slips under the less dense plate and pushes it into the mantle . This can cause Earthquakes |
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Term
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Definition
The area of collision between two convergent plates |
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Term
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Definition
What will typically form when two oceanic plates converge |
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Term
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Definition
When two plates rub against eachother laterally. No major land form is created, but there is a high chance of Earthquakes. |
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Term
External Processes of Earth |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The Process in which material is dissolved, loosned, or worn from one part of the Earth and is moved away to another. |
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Term
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Definition
Physical, Chemical, or Biological process that breaks down rocks and minerals |
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Term
Physical/Mechanical Weathering |
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Definition
Where a large rock is broken down into smaller pieces mostly by frost wedging |
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Term
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Definition
Process in which water collects in pores of rocks, expands upon freezing, and splits off pieces of rock. |
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Term
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Definition
Where one or more chemical reactions decompose a mass of rock. Most common with oxygen and carbon dioxdie. |
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Term
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Definition
The conversion of rock or minerals into smaller particles through the action of living things, such as Lichen producing chemicals and acids that breakdown rock. |
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Term
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Definition
The faulting or a later abrupt movement on an existing fault. |
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Term
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Definition
Used to measure Earthquakes. Valued 1-10, where each interger is ten times greater than the previous. |
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Term
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Definition
Measured by the amount of energy released in the shockwaves of an Earthquake. |
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Term
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Definition
Instrument used to measure magnitude |
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Term
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Definition
Shockwaves that gradually decrease in frequency after the main shockwaves. |
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Term
Primary Effects of Earthquakes |
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Definition
Massive release of energy, shaking, permanent displacement of the ground |
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Term
Secondary Effects of Earthquakes |
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Definition
Landslides, Flooding, Fires, Sinkholes, Tsunamis |
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Term
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Definition
Motion of Earth's surface downwards. |
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Term
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Definition
Massive waves caused by Earthquakes, very destructive |
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Term
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Definition
The Point where an Earthquake shockwave originates |
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Term
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Definition
The Point on the surface above the Earth directly above the Focus point. |
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Term
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Definition
When an upwelling of magma reaches the surface through a central vent in the Earth |
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Term
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Definition
Molten rock stored up in the mantle |
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Term
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Definition
Stationary chamber of magma that can reach the Earth's surface, plates move on top of it. |
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Term
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Definition
Theory that states that after a volcano eurupts average temperature drops about two degrees in the next two years. |
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Term
Positive Effects of Volcanoes |
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Definition
Makes fertile soil, creates new land, and is nice scenery |
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Term
Negative Effects of Volcanoes |
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Definition
Causes damge and destroys things, ejects ash that blocks out the sunlight, cools atmosphere, and creates acid rain. |
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Term
Water's unique properties |
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Definition
Hydrogen Bonds, High Boiling Point, High Heat Capacity, Evaporative Cooling, Natural Solvent, Blocks UV radiation, capilary action, and expands when freezes. |
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Term
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Definition
Unusable water supply makes up 97.4% of world's water supply |
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Term
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Definition
Water useable by humans, 2.6% of total water supply |
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Term
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Definition
Makes up 1.984% of water supply, not available to humans. |
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Term
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Definition
0.592% of water supply, not readily accessible to humans |
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Term
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Definition
Includes evaporation, transpiration, precipation, infiltration, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
Process where water heats up and turns from a liquid to a gas |
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Term
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Definition
When water evaporates from the surface of plants |
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Term
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Definition
The cooling process of water where it turns from a gas to a liquid |
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Term
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Definition
Process in which surface water penetrates the surface and becomes ground water |
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Term
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Definition
When water flows on the Earth's surface |
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Term
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Definition
The area where surface water drains into a river, lake, wetland, or other body of water |
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Term
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Definition
Where water drains into a body of water |
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Term
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Definition
The amount of water that is generally sustainable and useable anually |
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Term
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Definition
Area of an aquifer that is less deep and is a mix of air and water |
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Term
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Definition
Area of an Aquifer that is all water and is deep. |
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Term
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Definition
Fluctuating boundary between area of saturation and aeration |
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Term
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Definition
Underground regions of porous rock and sand through which water can flow, there is a slow recharge of this area by penetration |
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Term
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Definition
Aquifer where the groundwater is in direct contact with the atmosphere through open pores in the rock |
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Term
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Definition
Aquifer that is typically deeper, and is overlain by inpermeable rock. Restricts movement of water |
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Term
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Definition
A well in which water is forced to the top by hydrologic pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
A well in which water must be retrieved using manual energy |
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Term
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Definition
The process in which runoff penetrates the ground and sinks into an aquifer, replenishing the supply |
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Term
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Definition
Where water flows into an aquifer from the side |
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Term
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Definition
Idea that eventually most groundwater flows into rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water. |
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Term
Non-replenishhable Aquifers |
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Definition
Aquifers that are found very deep underground, so deep that they will not replenish themselves |
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Term
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Definition
Drilling Wells to extract groundwater |
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Term
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Definition
When water is taken from from the ground |
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Term
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Definition
Heated water returned to the Earth that disrupts aquatic life |
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Term
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Definition
When withdrawn water is not available for reuse from the basin it was removed from |
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Term
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Definition
The artificial application of water to farmland |
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Term
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Definition
Naturally Low expected amount of precipitation |
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Term
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Definition
Unexpected low precipitation |
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Term
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Definition
Removing of trees to expose soil, this causes higher evaporation of water |
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Term
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Definition
Human activity is using too much water |
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Term
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Definition
Growing freshwater use, and the depletion of fresh water available |
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Term
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Definition
People who can't afford safe drinking water |
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Term
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Definition
When governments control the water supply |
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Term
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Definition
In developing countries this is more common, where individuals or companies control water |
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