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| to collect data needed to answer a question, scientist make observations of the subject area they are studying. |
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| a well tested and widely accepted description of what we find happening over an dover again in the same way in nature. |
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| a well tested and widely accepted scientific hyphotesis or a group of related hypohtesis |
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| results from scientific results that have been well tested |
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| preliminary scientific data, hypotheses, and models that have not been ... |
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| 4 key components of a system |
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| inputs from the environment, flows or throughputs of matter and energy within the system at certain rates, and outputs to the environment. |
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| positive and negative feedback loops |
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| positive feedback loop causes a system to chagne furhter the same direction, and negative feedback loop causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving. |
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a fundamental substace that has a unique set of properties and cannot be broken down into simpler substacnes by chemical means
a chemical wose atoms serve as the basic building blocsk of all matter two or more elements comine to form compuonds which make up most of the worlds matter |
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| combination of two or more different elements held together in fixed porportions |
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| a combnation of two or more atoms of the same of different elements held together by forces called chemical bonds. |
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| combination of one or more elements and compounds |
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| positively charged particle in the the nuclei of all atoms |
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| elementary particle in the nuclei of all atoms except hydrogen. it is neutral neither postively or negatively charged |
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| tiny particles moving outside the nucleus of an atom and are negatively charged particles. |
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| Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
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| mass of an element the totla mass of protons, nuetrons and electrons |
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| atom or group of atoms with one or more postive or negatie electrical charges |
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| two or more forms of a chemcial element that ahve the same number of protons but different mass number beacause they have different numbers of nuetrons in their nuclei. |
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| made up of opposite charged ions |
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| made up of uncharged atoms |
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| A hydrogen bond is the attractive interaction of a hydrogen atom with an electronegative atom, like nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine (thus the name "hydrogen bond" |
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| certain types of compounds of carbon hydrogen, and oxygen atoms such as glucose |
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| consist of two or more momomers of simple sugars such as glucose |
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| formed by monomers and are called amino acids |
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| high quality vs low quality matter |
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high quality is highly concentrated and is typically foudn near the earhts surfce and has great potential for use as a resource
low qualtiy matter is not highly concentrated, and is found deep undegroudn and usually ahs little potential for use as a resource. |
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| occurs when two or more processes interact so that the combined effect is greater than the sum of their separate effects. |
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| whatever you use as a material does its job.and uses not to much energy |
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| physical is when the process that alters one or more physical properties of an element or compuound wihtout changing its chemical compostion. ex are chagnign the size and shape of a sample matter such as crushing ice and cutting aluminum foil. |
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| interaction between chemicals in which the chemical composition of the elemetns or compounds involved change. |
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| comparing the loss of water and nutrients from an uncut forest ecosystem with one that was stripped of its trees with no plants to help absorb and retain water, the amount of water flowing out of the deforested valley increased by 30- 40 percent. |
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| law of conservation of matter |
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| no atoms are created or destroyed during changes |
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| 3 types of nuclear changes |
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| radioactive decay, radiation and paricles, emited fusion, and fission |
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| time needed for one half of the nuclei in a radio isotope to emit their radiation. Each radioisotope has a characteristic half life which may range from a few millionths of a second to second to several billion years |
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| the first law states that energy can neither be created nor be destroyed, but can be converted |
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| when energy is changed from one form to another there is less energy |
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