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| A pact concluded in 1882 that united Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy against possible attackers |
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| Agreement between Britain, Russia, and France signed in 1907 to help each other if they were attacked. |
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| the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, was assassinated on June 28, 1914, in the town of Sarajevo in Bosnia. This event touched off World War I. |
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| 1 million French and British vs 1.4 million Germans- the Germans were stopped and Paris was saved. Trench warfare began. |
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| Battle in Northeast France from February to December 1916. 714,000 casualties on French and German sides. German offensive- technical French victory. (lasted 10 months- longest battle) |
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| each side in World War 1 on the Western front dug a 500 mile long series of trenches. Became a defensive war. |
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| trying to wear down opposing side by constant attacks. |
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| Unrestricted Submarine Warfare |
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| Germans began sinking unarmed ships around Great Britain in 1917, was a major reason the U.S. entered the war. |
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| In March of 1918, treaty Russia signed to end the war with Germany, gave up much Russian land to Germany. |
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| The outline for a just peace proposed by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in 1918. It was largely rejected by the international powers as well the U.S. |
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| An international organization founded after World War I to maintain peace and promote amity among nations; the United States did not join. |
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| A political movement in the twentieth century that embraced totalitarian government policies to achieve a unity of people and leader; first experienced in Italy under Benito Mussolini. |
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| Fascist dictator of Italy during the 1920s and 1930s. One of the three Axis allies during World War II |
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| A plan US to offer loans to Germany to continue their war reparations and create temporary peace in Europe, France withdrew from the Ruhr. |
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| The attempt by a dictatorial government to achieve total control over a society’s life and ideas. |
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| English economist who believed it was the duty of government to lessen the effects of the business cycle by pumping new money into the credit system in hard times. |
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| In 1923 the Germans asked for a two-year suspension of war reparations payments. The French responded by sending troops to occupy Germany’s industrial heartland, the Ruhr area along the lower Rhine. Set off horrible inflation in Germany. |
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| The popular name for Germany’s democratic government between 1919 and the Nazi takeover. |
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| Founder of the Bolshevik Party and leader of the October Revolution of 1917 in Russia. |
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| The Bolshevik coup d’état in St. Petersburg that ousted the Provisional Government and established a communist state in Russia. |
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| Soviet dictator from 1928 until his death in 1953. |
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| Introduced in 1928 upon Josef Stalin’s command to collectivize agriculture and industrialize the economy of the Soviet Union. |
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| The arrest and banishment of millions of Soviet Communist Party members and ordinary citizens at Josef Stalin’s orders in the mid-1930s for fictitious “crimes against the State and Party.” |
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