Term
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Definition
-largest visceral organ
-below diaphragm |
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Term
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Definition
- pear shaped sac
- posterior surface of liver |
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Term
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Definition
1. Mostly covered by visceral peritoneum
2. 4 Lobes:
-Right and Left (principal)
-Caudate and Quadrate
3. Falciform ligament
-Fold of mesentery
-Extends from the underneath the diaphragm b/w the principal
lobes to superior surface
-Helps suspend the liver in the abdominal cavity
-Ligamentum teres
4. Parts: fundus, body, neck |
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Term
| liver histology (hepatocytes) |
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Definition
-Major functional cells of the liver (metabolic, secretory,
and endocrine functions)
-Specialized epithelial cells
-80% of total liver volume
-Hepatic laminae – plates of hepatocytes that are on
either side of hepatic sinusoids/highly branched
-Ability to secrete bile (yellow,browish, olive) |
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Term
| liver histology (bile canaliculi) |
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Definition
-small canals
-Small ducts between hepatocytes that collect bile
-Bile passage: Bile canaliculi / bile ductules / bile ducts (small and many) / right/left hepatic ducts (larger) / common
hepatic duct |
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Term
| liver anatomy (hepatic sinusoids) |
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Definition
-Highly permeable blood capillaries
-Between hepatocytes: Oxygenated blood – hepatic artery / Nutrient-rich deoxygenated blood – hepatic portal vein
-Hepatic sinusoids / central vein / hepatic veins – Inferior
Vena Cava (IVC) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Dual Blood Supply
-Venous (portal) Supply – Hepatic Portal Vein
-Arterial Supply – Hepatic Artery
2. Hepatic Portal Vein
-Blood from GI tract and major abdominal organs
-Carries absorbed nutrients and toxic materials
3. Hepatic Veins - Venous outflow from the liver,
which empties into the IVC |
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Term
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Definition
-Contraction of smooth muscle fibers eject
contents of gall bladder into cystic duct
-Functions to store and concentrate bile
produced by the liver until it is needed in the
small intestine
-Absorbs water and ions to concentrate bile up to
ten-fold |
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Term
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Definition
1. Hepatocytes secrete 800-1000 mL of bile daily
2. pH 7.6 – 8.6
3. Mostly water, bile salts, cholesterol, phospholipid,
bile pigments and several ions
4. Bilirubin
- Principal bile pigment
- Derived from heme of recycled RBC
5. Emulsification
- Breakdown of large lipids globules
- Bile salts |
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Term
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Definition
- Carbohydrate metabolism
- Lipid metabolism
- Protein metabolism
- Processing of drugs and hormones
- Excretion of bilirubin
- Synthesis of bile salts
- Storage
- Phagocytosis
- Activation of Vitamin D |
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Term
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Definition
1. Retroperitoneal gland
2. Posterior to the stomach (greater curvature)
3. Connected to the duodenum by 2 main ducts
- Pancreatic Duct (Wirsung)
- Accessory Duct (Santorini)
4. Pancreatic juices
- Secreted by exocrine cells into small ducts that drain into
the main ones |
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Term
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Definition
1. 99% - small clusters of glandular epithelial cells
(acini: exocrine portion of the organ)
- EXOCRINE
- Secrete pancreatic juices (Fluid and digestive enzymes)
2. 1% - Pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)
-ENDOCRINE
- Secrete hormones glucagon, insulin, somatostatin,
pancreatic polypeptide |
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Term
| pancreas amount daily & what it contains |
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Definition
1. pancreatic juice
- 1200ml-1500ml daily
- mostly water (sodium bicarbonate - buffers acidic stomach chyme / enzymes) Pancreatic amylase
Proteolytic enzymes – trypsin (secreted as trypsinogen), chymotrypsin (chymotrypsinogen), carboxypeptidase (procarboxypeptidase), elastase (proelastase), Pancreatic lipase, Ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease |
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