Term
| what are the 2 groups of organs in the digestive system |
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Definition
GI TRACT (aka alimentary canal): mouth, most of pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE ORGANS: teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas |
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Term
| what are the 6 six basic functions of digestive system |
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Definition
ingestion: the process of taking food, drink into the body by swallowing
secretion: a process which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function
mixing and propulsion: alternating relaxations and contraction of smooth muscle in the GI tract
digestion
absorption
defecation |
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Term
| deep to superficial layers of the GI tract |
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Definition
mucosa
-epithelium: protection, secretion, absorption
-lamina propria: connective tissue with blood and lymphatic vessels for absorption, plus mucosa associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)
-muscularis mucosae: thin layer of smooth muscle that creates folds to increase surface area
submucosa
-connective tissue binding mucosa to muscularis
-contains many blood and lymphatic vessels
-submucosal plexus
muscular
-voluntary skeletal muscle found in mouth, pharynx, upper 2/3 of esophagus, external anal sphincter
-involuntary tooth muscle everywhere else (arranged in inner circular and outer longitudinal fibre / myenteric plexus between mm layers
serosa
-outermost coverings of organs suspended in abdominopelvic cavity
-AKA visceral peritoneum
-esophagus lacks serosa - has adventitia |
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Term
| 2 innervations of the GI tract |
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Definition
enteric nervous system
-intrinsic set of nerves "brain of the gut"
-two plexuses (submucosal plexus: controlling secretions / myenteric plexus: GI tract motility)
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
-extrinsic set of nerves
-parasympathetic stimulation increases secretions and activity; sympathetic stimulation decreases secretions and activity |
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Term
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Definition
-its the largest serous membrane of the body
-divided into
-parietal peritoneum: lines wall of cavity
-visceral peritoneum: covers organs (serosa)
-the space between is *peritoneal cavity*
-5 major peritoneal folds: greater omentum, falciform ligament, lesser omentum, mesentery, mesocolon |
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Term
| significance of greater omentum |
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Definition
-drapes over transverse colon and small intestine
-contains large amount of adipose tissue
-contains lymph nodes |
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Term
| falciform ligament significance |
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Definition
| -attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall ( the only digestive organ to do so ) and diaphragm |
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Term
| lesser omentum significance |
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Definition
-suspends stomach and duodenum form liver
-pathway for blood vessels entering liver (hepatic portal vein, common hepatic artery, common bile duct)
-some lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
-double layered structure
-attaches jejunum and ileum of small intestine to posterior abdominal wall
-blood and lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes are found b/w the layers |
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Term
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Definition
-2 separate folds that bind transverse colon and sigmoid colon to posterior abdominal wall
-contains blood and lymphatic vessels |
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Term
| what is oral (buccal) cavity formed of and consist of what components |
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Definition
-formed by cheeks, hard and soft palates, and tongue
-labia, labial frenulum, oral vestibule, oral cavity proper, faucet, palate (hard and soft), uvula, palatoglossal arch, palatopharyngeal arch |
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Term
| what is the salivary gland purpose |
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Definition
to release saliva into oral cavity
-when food enters mouth secretion increases to lubricate dissolve and begin chemical digestion |
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Term
| list 3 major salivary glands that secrete saliva and location |
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Definition
parotid: inferior and anterior to ears, b/w skin and masseter muscle
submandibular: in the floor of mouth, medial and partly inferior to body of the mandible
sublingual: beneath tongue and superior to submandibular glands |
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Term
| what does saliva consist of |
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Definition
-99.5% water
-0.5% solutes: ions, dissolved gases, urea, uric acid, mucous, immunoglobulin A, lysozyme, salivary amylase (acts on starch) |
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Term
| what controls and stimulates salivation |
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Definition
-controled by ANS
-parasympathetic stimulation promotes secretion of saliva; sympathetic stimulation decreases secretion |
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Term
| what is the tongue and compartments and functions |
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Definition
- skeletal mm covered with mucous membrane
-extrinsic mm: maneuver food for chewing, shaping masses, forces food back for swallowing
-intrinsic mm: aid in speech and swallowing
-lingual frenulum: limits posterior tongue movement
-papillae: contain taste buds or touch receptors
-lingual glands: secret salivary lipase for triglycerides |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 2 dentitions (sets of teeth) |
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Definition
deciduous: 6 month - 6-12 yr (20 total teeth)
permanent teeth: 6yr old to adult (32 total teeth) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 3 types of pharynx and functions |
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Definition
-nasopharynx: only respiration
-oropharynx & laryngopharynx : digestive and respiratory functions |
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Term
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Definition
| collapsible muscular tube that secretes mucous and transports food, no enzymes produced and no absorption |
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Term
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Definition
mucosa: protection against wear and tear
submucosa
muscularis: superior 1/3 (skeletal muscle) / middles 1/3 (skeletal and smooth muscle) / inferior 1/3 (smooth muscle)
- 2 sphincters: upper esophageal sphincter (use) regulates movement into esophagus / lower esophageal sphincter (les) regulates movement into stomach
adventitia (no serosa): attaches to surroundings |
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Term
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Definition
| act of swallowing facilitated by saliva and mucous involving the mouth, pharynx and esophagus |
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Term
| 3 stages of deglutition and functions |
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Definition
-voluntary: bolus passed to oropharynx
-pharyngeal: involuntary passage through pharynx into esophagus
-esophageal: involuntary passage through esophagus to stomach |
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